Chapter 20 Section 1. The New Deal Begins

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1 Chapter 20 Section 1 The New Deal Begins

2 I. Introduction A. FDR paralyzed by polio eight years before becoming president 1. Most thought his days of public service were over

3 Polliomyelitis Causes paralysis in about 1% of people Vaccine developed in 1950 s Polio

4 March of Dimes

5 Soon after the death of FDR in 1945, legislation was introduced that called for the replacement of the Mercury dime with one bearing Roosevelt's image. The dime was chosen to honor Roosevelt partly due to his efforts in the founding of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (later renamed the March of Dimes), which originally raised money for polio research and to aid victims of the disease and their families. The public had been urged to send in a dime to the Foundation, and by Roosevelt's death, the Foundation was already popularly known as the "March of Dimes." Roosevelt Dime

6 Polio

7 II. From Hyde Park to Washington A. Born in Hyde Park, New York

8 B. Believed in public service 1. Assistant Secretary of the Navy

9 2. Governor of New York

10 C. Roosevelt took action against depression as Governor 1. Created state agencies to aid poor 2. Unemployment Agency 3. Relief

11 D. Attracted nationwide attention 1. Democrats nominated FDR in Pledged a new deal for Americans 3. Won 42 states

12 III. Roosevelt Takes Charge A. Country was in deep despair at start of presidency 1. Americans listened intently to inauguration speech

13 FDR Inauguration

14 2. Nothing to fear but fear itself 3. Helped reassure the country B. Ideas for Fighting the Depression C. Believed in bold action, but had no plan

15 D. Had three goals The Three R s 1. Relief quick relief for unemployed 2. Recovery economic recovery 3. Reform reform economy so depression would not happen again

16 E. Few specific ideas 1. Brought open mind 2. Willing to experiment F. The Brain Trust 1. Assembled able group of advisers 2. Press named them the Brain Trust

17 3. Frances Perkins a. Worked with Jane Addams at Hull House b. Child labor reform c. Appointed Secretary of Labor d. First Female Cabinet member

18 Frances Perkins

19 G. The Fireside Chats 1. FDR often spoke to America through radio 2. Sunday evening addresses known as fireside chats 3. Did much to increase FDR s popularity

20 4. First president to use power of mass media

21 IV. The Bank Crisis A. By time FDR took office, people had lost faith in banks 1. Thousands of banks had failed 2. Panic spread 3. Run on banks

22 B. Two days after entering office, FDR declared Bank Holiday 1. Four days 2. No business other than accepting deposits 3. Created board to deal with bank crisis 4. Only healthy banks could reopen

23 5. More than 12,000 banks back in business

24 C. Congress passed other laws to strengthen banks 1. Bankers could not speculate 2. FDIC set up to insure all bank deposits up to $5,000

25 V. Hundred Days A. Passage of 15 major new laws 1. Established government agencies to battle Great Depression

26 2. Not all worked, but showed Americans hope 3. Dealt with most pressing issues

27 B. Farmers badly hurt by Great Depression 1. Main problem growing too much crops 2. New Deal solution Farmers paid for not planting

28 C. FDR worked to restore faith in stock market 1. Crashed partly due to unwise investments 2. New laws required sellers of stocks to give honest info. 3. SEC created to regulate the stock market

29 D. FDR created many new agencies 1. Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) 2. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 3. National Recovery Act (NRA)

30 4. Showed Americans FDR was taking action

31 E. Conserving the land 1. FDR used power to gov. to preserve natural resources 2. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) a. Given control of Tennessee River Valley

32 b. Virginia, N. Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky

33 c. Flooding caused erosion of topsoil d. Hills stripped for lumber e. Built 38 dams f. Hydroelectric power g. Built hospitals and schools h. Doctors cured malaria

34 i. New industries attracted to area because of cheap power j. Critics argued against gov. interfering in economy

35 3. CCC Civilian Conservation Corp a. Outdoor projects for men b. Road construction, reforestation, flood control, park improvements

36 C. More than 2.5 million men had worked for CCC

37 F. Help for Business and Farmers 1. NRA National Recovery Administration a. Set code of conduct for business b. Companies allowed to fix prices

38 c. Had to limit working hours

39 2. AAA Agricultural Adjustment Administration a. Controlled amount of crops produced b. Paid farmers not to plant

40 Agricultural Adjustment Administration

41 During the Great Depression of the 1930s, agricultural price support programs led to vast amounts of food being deliberately destroyed at a time when malnutrition was a serious problem in the United States... For example, the government bought 6 million hogs in 1933 alone and destroyed them. Huge amounts of farm produce were plowed under, in order to keep it off the market and maintain prices at the officially fixed level, and vast amounts of milk were poured down the sewers for the same reason. Meanwhile, many American children were suffering from diseases caused by malnutrition. [

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