National Urban Policy: Methodology and criteria. Enrique Garcilazo Presentation to Conference of Cities 3 October 2017

Transcription

1 National Urban Policy: Methodology and criteria Enrique Garcilazo Presentation to Conference of Cities 3 October 2017

2 Better Policies for Better Lives: Productive Economies, Inclusive Societies Global Financial Crisis Economic Efficiency Well-being How live Cities Environment Sustainability Social Equity

3 Labour Productivity Growth G7 Productivity paradox: technology skills integration (GVC)

4 Inequality: Rising labour productivity gap between global frontier and laggards Frontier firms forge ahead on productivity Disseminate innovation Adoption and absorption Networks Cities are key in this process

5 The OECD Regional and Metropolitan Database The RDB& MDB includes statistics on 5 major topics: Demographic, regional accounts, labour, innovation Social and environmental indicators Well-being/Quality of life To facilitate comparability : Regions classified in 2 Territorial Levels (TLs): TL2 Territorial Level 2 (337 regions) TL3 Territorial Level 3 (1708 regions) Classified by regional type : (PU, I, PR) (PRC, PRR) Cities classified as Functional Urban Areas (FUA) Database can be directly accessed from the OECD Statistical portal: OECD MDB: How s life in your region:

6 6 Administrative boundaries are not the answer

7 OECD calculates FUAs for three Latin- American countries. OECD Metropolitan Database: a tool for policy-making Allows to differentiate according to population size: 1. small urban areas, with a population below people; (18) 2. medium-sized urban areas, with a population between and people; (5) 3. metropolitan areas, with a population between and 1.5 million people; 4. large metropolitan areas, with a population of 1.5 million or more. Total 26 FUA which concentrate 72.3% of the national population Interactive maps and data on metro areas

8 City productivity increases with city size even after controlling for sorting Productivity increases by 2-5% for a doubling in population size 8

9 Bigger cities are often more productive. Yet, it is not fully realised in LA Labor Productivity of cities per region Source: OECD 2015), The Metropolitan Century: Understanding Urbanization and Its Consequences, OECD Publishing, Paris 9

10 City productivity & administrative fragmentation Productivity falls by 6% for a doubling in number of municipalities 10

11 Urbanisation alone is not enough for economic development 11

12 Convergence of countries vs. divergence of regions in the OECD Source: Bartolini, D., S. Stossberg and H. Blöchliger (2016), "Fiscal Decentralisation and Regional Disparities", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1330, GDP per capita dispersion is now greater within countries than between countries

13 Making Cities Work for All : Cities tend to be more unequal than countries Gini coefficient of household disposable income, 2014 Source: Boulant, J., M. Brezzi and P. Veneri (2016), "Income Levels And Inequality in Metropolitan Areas: A Comparative Approach in OECD Countries", OECD Regional Development Working Papers, No. 2016/06, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI:

14 Larger cities are on average more unequal Metropolitan population and income inequality, circa 2014 Metropolitan size and inequality (controlled for income levels and country effects) Source: OECD (2016), Making Cities Work For All, OECD Publishing, Paris 14

15 More administratively fragmented the city are on average more segregated Administrative fragmentation 15

16 POLICY RESPONSES: HOW CAN URBAN POLICIES PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CITIES? 16

17 Policy responses should focus on mitigating agglomeration costs Cities are also complex dynamic systems, actions of households, firms, and interactions among different strands of public policy, have large positive or negative spill-over effects on others. System of cities provide opportunities for higher levels of government to address these in a coherent, integrated way. Role of cities beyond providers of services 17

18 National Urban Policies (NUP) New Urban Agenda (NUA) identified NUP as an instrument for guiding sustainable urban development in a country. NUP concern all policies at the national level that affect urban areas. Help to make national level policies more coherent. Help to create an enabling, collaborative and cooperative institutional environment, with jointly defined and transparent responsibilities at levels of government / among stakeholders. Instrument for implementing the NUA and other global urban agendas.

19 Figure Urbanisation and economic development Monitoring tools: The Global State of NUP report and NUP in OECD countries Global State of NUP: Released once every two years. It aims to provide a foundation for understanding how and in what forms NUPs have emerged globally, and to highlight and cross-reference country-level experiences in undertaking the NUP process. NUP in OECD: Out of 35 OECD countries: only 15 have explicit NUP (5 in formulation) Notes: Urban Areas as defined by national statistical offices. Source: World Development Indicators (World Bank, 2014) almost 90% have partial urban policies Climate change resilience and human development receive a weaker attention. OECD countries with NUP : Diagnostic stage (1) Formulation (6) Implementation (14) Monitoring and evaluation (9) Source: OECD (2017), National Urban Policy in OECD countries, OECD Publishing, Paris.

20 What is NUPP? Launched during the Habitat III Conference in Quito, Ecuador, UN-Habitat, OECD, and Cities Alliance. It draws from history of partnership on National Urban Policy (NUP) between three organizations. The joint initiative aims to contribute to the implementation of the NUA and other global urban agendas and to achieving sustainable human settlements for all, leaving no one behind, through the development of NUP.

21 Objectives and flagship activities for focus on 5 areas of work

22 Progress on NUPP reflect ongoing collaboration between organisations Provide country support: Collaborative country work in Liberia and Tunisia: Cities Alliance/UN- Habitat form part of the Cities Alliance Liberia and Tunisia Country Programme to support the development of a NUP. The National Urban Policy Review (NUPR) of Viet Nam: led by OECD in collaboration with UN-Habitat and the Global Green Growth Institute. Monitor the progress: Global State of NUP / NUP in OECD Countries Implementation review of the Ghana National Urban Policy: led by Cities Alliance Ghana Country Programme, this project will review the ongoing implementation of the NUP in Ghana and its alignment with the Global Sustainability Agendas Advocacy/provision of platform: Second International Conference on National Urban Policy (ICNUP) led by OECD/UN-Habitat (Paris, May 2017), was the first opportunity following the Habitat III Conference to discuss NUP in an international forum. Convened more than 350 participants, 30+ international organizations, 14 Ministers, 9 Mayors and regional representatives, 141 speakers

23 Next steps of NUPP Invite supporting partners / networking partners to join the initiative and support the programme Supporting Partners Group meeting / side event at World Urban Forum 9 (February 2018 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

24 OECD/UCLG pilot study towards an Observatory of subnational government, finance and investment SNGs around the world: structure and finance at UCLG Summit in Bogota (Oct, 2016) 101 countries: 82% of population 88% of GDP worldwide Spread over 7 main regions of the world Belonging to 4 income groups. More than subnational governments : states/regions, intermediate and municipal level governments

25 THANK YOU