Forging a National Economy ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN SOCIETY

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Forging a National Economy ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN SOCIETY"

Transcription

1 Forging a National Economy ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN SOCIETY

2 FORGING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY Theme 1: The American population expanded and changed in character as more people moved to the West, cities, and immigrant groups such as the Irish and Germans arrived in great numbers. Theme 2: The American economy developed the beginnings of industrialization with the greatest advances coming in the area of transportation - canals and railroads united the nation.

3 THE MARCH WESTWARD Europe stretches to the Alleghenies, America lies beyond - Ralph Waldo Emerson The young America (half of all Americans were under the age of 30) was expanding westward at a rapid pace. The geographic center of population is the point at which half of the population is east, half west, half north and half south. In 1790, this point was in Maryland (near Baltimore). By 1820, it had moved to what is today West Virginia (along 39 N). By 1840, the center of West Virginia, and by 1860 it was in the center of southern Ohio.

4 POPULATION GROWTH ,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 White Non-White 5,000,

5 GROWTH OF THE CITIES In 1790, there were only 2 cities with populations over 20,000 - New York and Philadelphia. By 1860, there were forty-three and about 300 other cities had populations of at least 5,000 inhabitants. Broadway, looking North, in New York City, These walkup buildings held the workshops and boarding houses for Irish and German immigrants who provided mostly semi-skilled labor.

6 CHANGING CITIES At first the laborers in the textile, garment, and steel mills were of American birth, many of them agricultural laborers who moved into nearby towns looking for work as soil exhaustion and a series of economic crises pushed them off the land. But in the two decades after a serious blight destroyed Ireland's potato crop in 1845, two million Irishmen left their island for jobs in England and the U.S.

7 IMMIGRATION BY DECADE 1,000, , , , , , , , , , Irish German

8 KEY DIFFERENCES Irish Immigrants Fleeing crop failure and starvation Young (under 35) and literate in English Catholic Poor (could not buy land in the west) Concentrated in east coast cities, such as NY and Boston German Immigrants Fleeing crop failure and seeking political asylum Spoke German (and preserved their language) Protestant - but not Puritan Modest wealth ( middle class ) Scattered across the Midwest on purchased farms; sometimes created German communities

9 NATIVE REACTION Many of the immigrants of the 1840s and 1850s were Catholics. Irish Catholic immigrants flooded into coastal cities, accepting lower wages than native workingmen, creating economic grievances that were added to suspicions against Popery. One of the early large-scale public outbreaks of anti-catholicism occurred in the "City of Brotherly Love" during the presidential election campaign of This led to the establishment of the Know-Nothing Party, who supported strict limitations on immigration and naturalization.

10 INDUSTRIALIZATION BEGINS Britain began mechanization in the 1750s in the textile industry. Didn t allow their colonies to develop the machines. Samuel Slater, a British machinist, left England for America in the late 1780s and brought with him memorized plans of how the British machines were constructed.

11 INDUSTRIALIZATION BEGINS He established the first American textile mill in 1790 at Pawtucket, Massachusetts where the rivers could provide power to the mill. The early mills only produced cotton yarn which had been a huge problem until the invention of the cotton gin.

12 INSTEAD OF

13 TEXTILE MILLS USED

14 THE LOWELL MILLS The textile mills, concentrated in New England employed mostly young farm girls who were seeking to raise money before they were married. The Boston Associates mill at Lowell, Massachusetts was a prime example. Girls would work for a number of years in a rigidly controlled environment to save up money for a dowry.

15 THE LOWELL MILLS

16 THE COTTON GIN Eli Whitney, a Yale College graduate who was tutoring in the South, designed an engine that would speed up seed removal. This simple machine was 50 times faster than hand-picking the seeds and soon spread throughout the south, making cotton a very profitable crop.

17 COTTON GIN

18 COTTON GIN

19 TEXTILE INDUSTRY By 1860, more than 400 million pounds of cotton poured into more than 1000 northern mills annually. But just who was working in these mills? In 1820, half of the nation s industrial workers (not just in the mills) were UNDER 10 years of age. There were few opportunities for women to be selfsupporting (mostly nursing, domestic service, and teaching) but eventually, significant numbers of industrial workers were women. About 10 % of white women worked for pay outside of the home in 1850 and about 20% of all women had been employed at some point before they married.

20 CHANGES ON THE FARM The growth of farms changed the look of America. Initially, farms were self-sufficient for families but as transportation improved, northern trans-allegheny farms began to produce large amounts of corn. As they moved westward in search of more land to cultivate, their wooden plows failed to cut through the prairie sod. In 1837, John Deere (IL) produced a steel plow that could handle the tough sod. It was doubly effective because it could be pulled by horses instead of oxen. In the 1830s, Cyrus McCormick (VA) created the cotton gin of the west - the mechanical mower-reaper.

21 EARLY PLOWS

22 PRAIRIE BREAKERS Prairie sod was particularly difficult to break through and needed a very study, steel plow (strong enough to hold a sharpened edge). Usually, these were pulled by teams of oxen.

23 MCCORMICK MOWER-REAPER The mower-reaper was a horse-drawn machine that cut wheat that was ready to be harvested. It s major advantage was it s speed. It allowed one man to do the work of five men working with sickles and scythes.

24 CHANGES ON THE FARM Farmers rushed to cultivate more land so that more product could be brought to market. Essentially, wheat became a cash crop of the trans-allegheny west. There was still one major disadvantage the farmers in the west had to face - how to get their crops to market. They were still dependent on the North-South river systems to get their goods to the eastern cities. A transportation revolution was necessary...

25 THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION Three Stages: Canals - man made waterways where horses could tow flat-bottomed barges Steamboats - ships that relied on the steam engine for power and could be used on rivers, canals or even on ocean-going ships Railroads - first using horse power then shifting toward steam powered propulsion

26 ROADS AND TURNPIKES Roads: Most were privately built and funded (often as toll roads) The National Road (aka the Cumberland Road) connecting Maryland to Illinois via Ohio and Indiana was funded with some federal money

27 ROADS IN 1825 The National Road (connecting Cumberland, MD to Wheeling, VA) was finished by 1818 Most were private toll roads due to differences between Federalists and Democratic- Republicans

28 CANALS DeWitt Clinton, governor of New York, used state money to build the first canal in America. It would allow western farmers direct access to bustling New York City via both rivers and canals. The Erie Canal promoted the development of routes for commercial trade with, and rapid settlement of, the newly-opened regions of the old Northwest, and the territories beyond the Mississippi.

29 CANALS The Appalachian mountain chain presented a barrier to continental transportation: rivers east of the mountains flowed toward the Atlantic, and those to the west flowed toward the Mississippi. The best location for a water link was through the Mohawk river valley gap in upstate New York, where a relatively short canal could link the port of New York with the vast water system of the Great Lakes. Clinton convinced the NY legislature to issue bonds for the construction of the Erie Canal in Here at Lockport, a deep gorge required a series of locks to move barges to the higher water level.

30 CANALS By 1825 the 364-mile-long canal was finished This system of locks and canals that connected to navigable rivers allowed farm produce from the west to reach consumers in NY by traveling only a few hundred miles rather that a few thousand miles down the Mississippi River and around Florida. 5 of the Erie Canal s 84 locks were here at Lockport, NY.

31 CANALS But the Erie Canal was not the only one built. Pennsylvania built a 395-mile canal between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh; Ohio developed a series of canals which linked the Ohio river to Lake Erie; in the 1840s, Illinois funded a canal to link Chicago and the Great Lakes with the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Although not as profitable as investors wished, all of these canals played important roles in moving manufactured goods and raw materials, and in linking regional economies within the nation.

32 INTRODUCING STEAM POWER The age of steam-powered travel began in 1807 with the successful voyage up the Hudson River of the Clermont, built by Robert Fulton. Commercially operated steamboat lines soon made round-trip shipping on the nation s rivers both faster and cheaper. The ship above, the Walk-inthe-Water, operated on the Great Lakes in the 1820s and was typical of early steam ships.

33 INTRODUCING STEAM POWER The number of steamboats in service continued to grow throughout the 1830s and 1840s. Between 1811 and 1880, nearly 6,000 steamboats were built on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers; in St. Louis, 3,184 steamboat arrivals were recorded in 1852

34 STEAM POWER ON RAILS The need for more efficient systems to move goods over land led to experiments with rails laid on a road bed. The earliest rail cars were pulled by horses. But as others experimented with steam power for boats, others worked to harness steam to land transportation. In 1830 the Tom Thumb took part in a famous race with a horse-drawn rail car. Within a year the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, founded in 1827, had switched from horse to steam power.

35 STEAM POWER ON RAILS The Dewitt Clinton, built for the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad by the West Point Foundry, made the 17-mile trip from Albany to Schenectady on August 9, 1831 in the thenunheard-of time of less than an hour.

36 MORE TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS Fast sailing ships built beginning in late 1790s/early 1800s Many used a privateers in War of 1812 Clipper ships improved speed based on innovative design Often faster than steam ships Built for speed, not large cargo space

37 MORE TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS The Overland Stagecoach Often used for mail service but passengers would also travel via coach. Generally connected the Midwest to California

38 MORE TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS Pony Express Not established until 1860 Lasted only 18 months until the telegraph cable was completed Connected St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA in a trip that only lasted 10 days Stations established every 10 miles to change horses

39 THE MARKET REVOLUTION Collectively all these changes transformed the US from an agrarian society to one that was primarily capitalist Primarily economic BUT also changed politics and culture The industrial revolution is a major component of the market revolution!

40 KEY NOTES Transportation improvements concentrated in the North - roads, canals, and railroads Factories concentrated in New England with textile mills dominating Massachusetts Western farms produced cash crops for the commercial markets in the East Cotton production transformed the South, increasing the need for slaves to work the fields to harvest the crop for overseas sale

HUSH Unit 4. Jefferson, The War of 1812, and the Beginning of the Market Economy

HUSH Unit 4. Jefferson, The War of 1812, and the Beginning of the Market Economy HUSH Unit 4 Jefferson, The War of 1812, and the Beginning of the Market Economy Post War Economic Development A Market Economy is Born The Transportation Revolution Three Stages: Canals - man made waterways

More information

THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE U.S. How the War of 1812 & Technological Progress Change the Country

THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE U.S. How the War of 1812 & Technological Progress Change the Country THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE U.S. How the War of 1812 & Technological Progress Change the Country TECHNOLOGY MEANS PROGRESS Developments in technology begin to transform life in the U.S. in the

More information

In the early Antebellum era ( ), the U.S. economy grew rapidly The South, North, and West each developed specialized regional economies that

In the early Antebellum era ( ), the U.S. economy grew rapidly The South, North, and West each developed specialized regional economies that In the early Antebellum era (1800-1840), the U.S. economy grew rapidly The South, North, and West each developed specialized regional economies that became connected into a national market economy The

More information

The Westward Movement

The Westward Movement The Westward Movement The American West- the most typically American part of America Young America- half of all Americans were under the age of 30 Life in the West was grim for American families Poorly

More information

INDUSTRY AND MIGRATION/THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH. pp

INDUSTRY AND MIGRATION/THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH. pp INDUSTRY AND MIGRATION/THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH pp 382-405 What drives history? Table Talk: Brainstorm some things that have driven history forward What do these things have in common? What changes have

More information

Unit Module 2: Transportation, Market, and Industrial Revolution

Unit Module 2: Transportation, Market, and Industrial Revolution Unit 4 1800-1848 Module 2: Transportation, Market, and Industrial Revolution Antebellum America: The Market and Transportation In the early Antebellum era (1800-1840), the U.S. economy grew rapidly The

More information

Transformation. Society

Transformation. Society Transformation of the Economy & Society in Antebellum America 1820-1860 A09W 10.11.01 Guiding Question Analyze the causes of the transformation of the American economy in the first half of the nineteenth

More information

Nationalism, Economic Revolution, and Social Change

Nationalism, Economic Revolution, and Social Change Nationalism, Economic Revolution, and Social Change 1800-1860 Nationalism and Economic Growth By 1815, following the end of The War of 1812, America had shown: That it could defend its sovereignty against

More information

FORGING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY, Chapter 14

FORGING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY, Chapter 14 FORGING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY, 1790 1860 Chapter 14 WESTWARD MOVEMENT & SHAPING THE WESTERN LANDSCAPE America West of the Alleghenies Population center shifts Life is brutal, primitive, isolated Land becomes

More information

The March of Millions

The March of Millions The March of Millions Around 1850 the population was doubling every 25 years. By 186 there were 33 states. America was the fourth most populous nation in the world. Cities were rapidly developing as were

More information

In the first half of the nineteenth century, economic changes called by historians the market revolution transformed the United States.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, economic changes called by historians the market revolution transformed the United States. 1 2 In the first half of the nineteenth century, economic changes called by historians the market revolution transformed the United States. Innovations in transportation and communication sparked these

More information

Essential Question: How did the development of regional economies & Clay s American System led to a national market economy?

Essential Question: How did the development of regional economies & Clay s American System led to a national market economy? Essential Question: How did the development of regional economies & Clay s American System led to a national market economy? CPUSH Agenda for Unit 4.4: Clickers Questions Market Revolution inquiry activity

More information

Chapter 10, Section 1 (Pages ) Economic Growth

Chapter 10, Section 1 (Pages ) Economic Growth Chapter 10, Section 1 (Pages 304 309) Economic Growth Essential Question What effects did the Industrial Revolution have on the U. S. economy? Directions: As you read, complete a graphic organizer like

More information

Unit 8. Innovation Brings Change 1800 s-1850 s

Unit 8. Innovation Brings Change 1800 s-1850 s Unit 8 Innovation Brings Change 1800 s-1850 s Unit Overview: Industrialization Era This unit addresses the development of the economies in the North and the South, innovations in technology and the application

More information

Forging the National Economy ( ) Chapter 14

Forging the National Economy ( ) Chapter 14 Forging the National Economy (1790-1860) Chapter 14 1. What did Ralph Waldo Emerson mean in 1844 when he said, Europe stretches to the Alleghenies; America lies beyond? ** Bonus After reading the section

More information

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Chapter 9 Economic Transformation Industrial Revolution Division of Labor Industry in America 1790 1820 aided by transportation Industrial Revolution outwork system work done outside of shop modern factory

More information

DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCEII

DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCEII Chapter 10, Section 1 For use with textbook pages 306 311 ECONOMIC GROWTH KEY TERMS Industrial Revolution A new way of working and producing goods (page 307) capital Money invested to start new businesses

More information

ID-Irish and German Immigration by Decade (291) Summary 1- What decade brought the greatest number of Irish immigrants? Summary 2- What

ID-Irish and German Immigration by Decade (291) Summary 1- What decade brought the greatest number of Irish immigrants? Summary 2- What Ch 14 Insights Goals Questions Part 1 Identify the two largest immigrant groups to the US in the first half of the 1800 s and explain how their experiences were different Explain how those different experiences

More information

netw rks Reading Essentials and Study Guide Growth and Division, Lesson 2 Early Industry ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Reading HELPDESK

netw rks Reading Essentials and Study Guide Growth and Division, Lesson 2 Early Industry ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Reading HELPDESK and Study Guide Lesson 2 Early Industry ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How did the nation s economy help shape its politics? How did the economic differences between the North and the South cause tension? Reading

More information

Division of Labor: giving each worker one or two simple jobs.

Division of Labor: giving each worker one or two simple jobs. Chapter 12 The Nation Grows (1815-1830) Section 1 Industries take Root Industrial Revolution: the growth of industry eventually produced changes so great that this time in history is called the Industrial

More information

National Transformation

National Transformation Slide 1 National Transformation Unit 4 Chapters 9-11 Slide 2 The Market Revolution -In the early 1800s, the Jeffersonian dream of a nation of independent farmers remained strong in rural areas. As the

More information

Economic Issues and Growth

Economic Issues and Growth Economic Issues and Growth 1800-1848 Tariff of 1816 Passed to protect American industries after War of 1812 What would be advantages and disadvantages of high tariffs? Would different regions of the country

More information

Trends in Antebellum America:

Trends in Antebellum America: Mr. Cegielski Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 Covered last unit: 1. New intellectual and religious movements 2. Social reforms 3. Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions. This Unit: 1.

More information

UNIT 4: EXPANSION & REFORM LESSON 4.1: EFFECTS OF MANIFEST DESTINY & INDUSTRIALIZATION

UNIT 4: EXPANSION & REFORM LESSON 4.1: EFFECTS OF MANIFEST DESTINY & INDUSTRIALIZATION UNIT 4: EXPANSION & REFORM LESSON 4.1: EFFECTS OF MANIFEST DESTINY & INDUSTRIALIZATION ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does expansion and industrialization contribute to growing sectionalism within the United States

More information

AMERICA S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION. HIST 103 Chapter 10

AMERICA S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION. HIST 103 Chapter 10 AMERICA S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION HIST 103 Chapter 10 The Changing American Population Population increased rapidly between 1820-1840 - improvements in public health - high birth rate - decreasing child mortality

More information

The Early Industrial and Transportation Revolution Chapter 14

The Early Industrial and Transportation Revolution Chapter 14 The Early Industrial and Transportation Revolution Chapter 14 1. Population growth 1800 = 5.5 million to 33 million by 1861 13 states to 33 states by 1861 Expansion of cities 2. Flow of Immigration 1830

More information

#1 INDUSTRIALIZATION

#1 INDUSTRIALIZATION #1 INDUSTRIALIZATION Industrialization the shift from an agricultural economy to one based on production and manufacturing completely changed the northern and western economy between 1820 and 1860. For

More information

Forging a National Economy. Chapter 14

Forging a National Economy. Chapter 14 Forging a National Economy Chapter 14 Westward Movement Original Areas of settlement Oregon Territory California Territory Texas Northwest Territories Great Plains were not settled because it was hard

More information

Economic Growth. Guided Reading Activity. Growth and Expansion. Answering Questions DIRECTIONS: As you read the section, answer the questions below.

Economic Growth. Guided Reading Activity. Growth and Expansion. Answering Questions DIRECTIONS: As you read the section, answer the questions below. Guided Reading Activity Growth and Expansion Section Economic Growth Give yourself enough time to read and understand the text. Don t rush through it. Take your time and pause to reread sections or to

More information

Era of Good Feelings:

Era of Good Feelings: Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1825 After the War of 1812 Americans finally have international respect The Republicans are the only political party James Monroe, the third member of the Virginia Dynasty, is

More information

Chronological Reasoning and Continuity/Change over Time Economic Development Market Revolution

Chronological Reasoning and Continuity/Change over Time Economic Development Market Revolution Chronological Reasoning and Continuity/Change over Time Economic Development Market Revolution From the 2015 Revised Framework: Patterns of Continuity and Change over Time Historical thinking involves

More information

Chapter 13 Sections 1 & 2 THE NORTH!

Chapter 13 Sections 1 & 2 THE NORTH! Chapter 13 Sections 1 & 2 THE NORTH! Definitions Telegraph- Invention by Samuel Morse that electronically transmitted signals over long distances. Clipper Ship- Narrow hulled ships with tall sails that

More information

The Factors Affecting American Economy From : Which Were. The United States economy was stimulated by many factors between

The Factors Affecting American Economy From : Which Were. The United States economy was stimulated by many factors between The Factors Affecting American Economy From 1800 1860: Which Were Most Important And Why William Heegaard Sometime in High School The United States economy was stimulated by many factors between 1800 and

More information

Forging the National Economy

Forging the National Economy Forging the National Economy 1790-1860 Western Demographics By 1840: demographic center of American population had crossed over the Alleghenies 1850: half of Americans under age 30 Pioneer Americans: ill-informed,

More information

Industrialization & Reform Learning Targets

Industrialization & Reform Learning Targets Industrialization & Reform Learning Targets Topic: History I can identify major eras and events in U.S. History and explain: Industrial Revolution Age of Reform Topic: Economics I can understand the origins

More information

HIST 1301 Part Three. 9: Nation Building and Nationalism

HIST 1301 Part Three. 9: Nation Building and Nationalism HIST 1301 Part Three 9: Nation Building and Nationalism Territorial Expansion Between 1792 and 1821 several new states joined the Union. Kentucky, 1792 Tennessee, 1796 Ohio, 1803 Louisiana, 1812 Indiana,

More information

Characteristics Families Clustered near rivers Regional settlement

Characteristics Families Clustered near rivers Regional settlement Population 1790 Majority lives East of Appalachian mountains and within a few miles of ocean 1840 1/3 lives between Appalachian mountains and Mississippi River The Sweep West Series of bursts 1790s 1791-1803

More information

Q3/Q4 Sectionalism Vocab

Q3/Q4 Sectionalism Vocab Q3/Q4 Sectionalism Vocab North: Industrial Revolution Sectionalism: loyalty to one region (section) of the country rather than the whole country Industrial Revolution: period of rapid growth in the use

More information

NAME DATE CLASS. Maine N.H. Vt. Manchester Lowell N.Y. Boston. Pawtucket. Conn. RI Pa. New York City Philadelphia. Baltimore Del. Md.

NAME DATE CLASS. Maine N.H. Vt. Manchester Lowell N.Y. Boston. Pawtucket. Conn. RI Pa. New York City Philadelphia. Baltimore Del. Md. Lesson 1 A Growing Economy ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does geography influence the way people live? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did new technology affect the way things were made? 2. Why did agriculture remain

More information

8.46 Analyze the physical obstacles to and the economic and political factors involved in building a network of roads, canals and railroads,

8.46 Analyze the physical obstacles to and the economic and political factors involved in building a network of roads, canals and railroads, 8.46 Analyze the physical obstacles to and the economic and political factors involved in building a network of roads, canals and railroads, including Henry Clay s American System. United States in 1815

More information

Level 2 THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

Level 2 THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS Level 2 THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS Vocabulary Sectionalism: loyalty to a section of a country instead of the nation itself Inflation: Protective Tariff: tax on imported goods Internal Expansion: continued

More information

CHAPTER 2, SECTION 2. The Growth of the Nation

CHAPTER 2, SECTION 2. The Growth of the Nation CHAPTER 2, SECTION 2 The Growth of the Nation Big Ideas: After the War of 1812, more Americans began to see themselves as members of a nation rather than only identifying themselves by a region or state.

More information

Chapter 9 and part of Chapter 8: Transforming the Economy,

Chapter 9 and part of Chapter 8: Transforming the Economy, Chapter 9 and part of Chapter 8: Transforming the Economy, 1790-1860 The Big Questions: What were the causes and consequences of the industrial and market revolutions, and how did they change the way ordinary

More information

America s History Eighth Edi(on

America s History Eighth Edi(on James A. Henretta! Eric Hinderaker! Rebecca Edwards! Robert O. Self! America s History Eighth Edi(on America: A Concise History Sixth Edi(on CHAPTER 8 nd 9 Review= Unit 4 Crea=ng a Republican Culture 1790

More information

The Market Revolution:

The Market Revolution: The Market Revolution: By midcentury (1850s), capital and technology were converting enough central workshops into mechanized factories to convert the market revolution into a staggeringly productive industrial

More information

Unit 9 Industrial Revolution

Unit 9 Industrial Revolution Unit 9 Industrial Revolution Section 1: Beginnings of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution c. 1750/60-1850/60 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain/England, spreads to other countries, and

More information

AP U.S. History: Unit 4.3 Student Edition The Market Revolution:

AP U.S. History: Unit 4.3 Student Edition The Market Revolution: AP U.S. History: Unit 4.3 Student Edition The Market Revolution: 1790-1860 The "Market Revolution" in antebellum America encompassed several areas: Industrial Revolution (and its impact on American society)

More information

1: Population* and urbanisation for want of more hands

1: Population* and urbanisation for want of more hands 1: Population* and urbanisation for want of more hands *Remember that the study of population is called Demographics By 1900 there were nearly five times as many people in Britain as there were in 1750.

More information

Inventor Invention Impact

Inventor Invention Impact Industrialization and Reform Test Review Test Date: Name 1. Fill in the missing boxes Inventor Invention Impact Eli Whitney Cotton Gin -Increased slavery -Made cleaning cotton faster and more efficient

More information

I. The Agricultural Revolution

I. The Agricultural Revolution I. The Agricultural Revolution A. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way 1. Wealthy farmers cultivated large fields called enclosures. 2. The enclosure movement caused landowners to try new methods.

More information

America s Economic Revolution

America s Economic Revolution America s Economic Revolution The Industrial Revolution has two phases: one material, the other social; one concerning the making of things, the other concerning the making of men. Charles A. Beard The

More information

APUSH 4.3 GLN Making of America. What is your family s ethnic heritage? What ethnicity do you think most Americans share?

APUSH 4.3 GLN Making of America. What is your family s ethnic heritage? What ethnicity do you think most Americans share? APUSH 4.3 GLN Making of America Name: What is your family s ethnic heritage? What ethnicity do you think most Americans share? The Making of America Immigration and the The March of Millions By the every

More information

Industrialism. Sophia Wright, David Suescun, Oliver Santos, Kayla Gardner

Industrialism. Sophia Wright, David Suescun, Oliver Santos, Kayla Gardner Industrialism Sophia Wright, David Suescun, Oliver Santos, Kayla Gardner Industrialism- What is It? Before industrialism, mainly farming and agriculture took place in the United States, despite Alexander

More information

Economic History of the US

Economic History of the US Economic History of the US Revolution to Civil War, 1776-1860 Lecture #2 Peter Allen Econ 120 Map 8.1 US Land Expansion Early Western Migrations Population at independence (in thousands) Total White African

More information

Several early American leaders believed that Tariffs were the best way for the government to generate funds that could be used to improve the country

Several early American leaders believed that Tariffs were the best way for the government to generate funds that could be used to improve the country Several early American leaders believed that Tariffs were the best way for the government to generate funds that could be used to improve the country s transportation network as well as other government

More information

Chapter 11 North & South Take Different Paths Essential Question: Why did Americans take different paths in the early 1800s?

Chapter 11 North & South Take Different Paths Essential Question: Why did Americans take different paths in the early 1800s? Chapter 11 North & South Take Different Paths 1800-1845 Essential Question: Why did Americans take different paths in the early 1800s? Study the map and charts on pages 381-382 to find population clusters

More information

Practice for the TOEFL & other Reading Tests

Practice for the TOEFL & other Reading Tests Practice for the TOEFL & other Reading Tests Practice for important reading tests by reading this six-paragraph passage on early industry and mechanized agriculture in the U.S. and answering the questions

More information

Forging the National Economy,

Forging the National Economy, CHAPTER 14 Forging the National Economy, 1790 1860 PART I: REVIEWING THE CHAPTER A. Checklist of Learning Objectives After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the growth and movement

More information

The Early Industrial Revolution Chapter 22 AP World History

The Early Industrial Revolution Chapter 22 AP World History The Early Industrial Revolution 1760-1851 Chapter 22 AP World History Beginnings of Industrialization Main Idea The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries Why It Matters

More information

Comparing Regions,

Comparing Regions, Comparing Regions, 1800-1850 You ve studied data about the three main regions of the United States in the period from 1800 to 1850, and you ve considered the ways in which people in those regions thought

More information

Forging the National Economy,

Forging the National Economy, CHAPTER 14 Forging the National Economy, 1790 1860 PART I: REVIEWING THE CHAPTER A. Checklist of Learning Objectives After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the growth and movement

More information

The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Beginnings of Industrialization Name CHAPTER 25 Section 1 (pages 717 722) The Beginnings of BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about romanticism and realism in the arts. In this section, you will read about the beginning of

More information

Chapter 7 Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

Chapter 7 Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 7 Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Changes in manufacturing launch an Industrial Revolution. Slavery and other issues divide the North and South. Andrew Jackson has popular appeal but uproots

More information

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution The student will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it. a. Explain the impact of the Industrial

More information

After the War of 1812 THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE IN AMERICAN POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY

After the War of 1812 THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE IN AMERICAN POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY After the War of 1812 THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE IN AMERICAN POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY Consequences of the War of 1812 Why was the War of 1812 fought? Impressment Violation of neutral shipping rights

More information

The Market Revolution

The Market Revolution Name Class Date The Market Revolution Learning Target: I can describe the economic changes that took place in the United States from 1790 to 1860, & I can analyze their effects on the nation. Critical

More information

Cumulative Test 2. The Americans Grade 11 McDougal Littell NAME. Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer.

Cumulative Test 2. The Americans Grade 11 McDougal Littell NAME. Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. The Americans Grade 11 McDougal Littell NAME Cumulative Test 2 Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 1) How did the rise of political parties affect the election of 1796? (a) The Democratic-Republicans

More information

Imperialism by the US

Imperialism by the US Imperialism by the US Quick Class Discussion: Based on this image, what important changes took place in the United States from 1783 to 1900? 115 years after gaining independence from Britain, the United

More information

The Americans (Survey)

The Americans (Survey) The Americans (Survey) Chapter 7: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism CHAPTER OVERVIEW American leaders devise a farsighted policy of improvements as North, South, and West develop

More information

Chapter 6 Shaping an Abundant Land. Page 135

Chapter 6 Shaping an Abundant Land. Page 135 Chapter 6 Shaping an Abundant Land Page 135 Waves of immigrants came to the U.S. in order to find a better life. Push-pull factors were at play. Immigration is not the only movement of people in the U.S.

More information

The Revolutionary, Early National, and Antebellum Eras

The Revolutionary, Early National, and Antebellum Eras 1776-1860 The Revolutionary, Early National, and Antebellum Eras Changes of Modes of Transportation (Andro) 1750-During this time period changes in transportation leaned towards using rivers and water

More information

The Changing American Population

The Changing American Population The Changing American Population Population booms Improvements in public health, high birth rate, & immigration Immigration and Urban Growth English, French, Italian, Scandinavian, German, & Irish flood

More information

Early US History Part 1. Your Notes. Goal 9/5/2012. How did the United States became a country?

Early US History Part 1. Your Notes. Goal 9/5/2012. How did the United States became a country? Questions / Themes 9/5/2012 Early US History Part 1 How did the United States became a country? Your Notes You will need these notes to prepare for exams. Remember to paraphrase and generalize. Avoid copying

More information

Chapter 9: The Industrial Revolution,

Chapter 9: The Industrial Revolution, Chapter 9: The Industrial Revolution, 1700 1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society. Rail locomotives began

More information

Emergence of Modern America: 1877 to 1930s

Emergence of Modern America: 1877 to 1930s VUS.8a Emergence of Modern America: 1877 to 1930s What factors influenced American growth and expansion in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century? In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,

More information

1 st federally funded highway in US National Road or Cumberland Road was one of the first major improved highways in the United States to be built by

1 st federally funded highway in US National Road or Cumberland Road was one of the first major improved highways in the United States to be built by 1 2 3 1 st federally funded highway in US National Road or Cumberland Road was one of the first major improved highways in the United States to be built by the federal government. Construction began in

More information

1. How did the colonists protest British taxes? Pg They boycotted, petitioned the English government, and signed nonimportation

1. How did the colonists protest British taxes? Pg They boycotted, petitioned the English government, and signed nonimportation Topic 3 1. How did the colonists protest British taxes? Pg 88-89 They boycotted, petitioned the English government, and signed nonimportation agreements 2. How did the British respond to the Boston Tea

More information

Forging the National Economy

Forging the National Economy Forging the National Economy 1790 1860 Rise of a Market Economy People on the move Westward Immigrants from Europe to cities New inventions Cultivation of crops Manufacturing of goods Workers labored under

More information

The Industrial Revolution. The Start of Mass Production

The Industrial Revolution. The Start of Mass Production The Industrial Revolution The Start of Mass Production Section 1 Beginnings of Industrialization Main Idea The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries Why It Matters

More information

Inventor Invention Impact

Inventor Invention Impact Industrialization and Reform Test Review Test Date: Name 1. Fill in the missing boxes Inventor Invention Impact Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Robert Fulton Decreased the amount of time needed for travel. Decreased

More information

Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere.

Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere. Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere. In the early 1700s, large landowners in Britain bought much of the land

More information

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Regional Economies Create Differences Samuel Slater brought the Water Frame to Rhode Island from Great Britain in 1789. It was used to spin raw cotton into cotton

More information

4th 9 weeks study guide.notebook May 19, 2014

4th 9 weeks study guide.notebook May 19, 2014 What was the main reason that the Puritans started the Massachusetts Bay Colony? to live according to their religious beliefs What was the main purpose of town meetings in the New England colonies? To

More information

attorney general(314)- plan nation s top legal officer; today also the head of the Department of Justice

attorney general(314)- plan nation s top legal officer; today also the head of the Department of Justice UNIT FOUR: The Early Republic (1789-1844) CHAPTER NINE: Launching a New Republic (1789-1800) LESSON 9-1: Washington s Presidency, pgs. 312-317 1) Explain challenges Washington encountered as the first

More information

AP U.S. History (Mr. Broach)

AP U.S. History (Mr. Broach) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NATIONALISM AND THE JACKSONIAN PERIOD AP United States History (Kennedy, Chapters 12-15) Unit 4 UNIT THEMES Nationalism / one-party system after the War of 1812 Emerging sectional tensions

More information

Chapter 10: America s Economic Revolution

Chapter 10: America s Economic Revolution Chapter 10: America s Economic Revolution Lev_19:34 But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land

More information

Name: Date: Period: VUS. 8 a&b: Westward Expansion and Industrialization. Filled In. Notes VUS. 8a&b: Westward Expansion and Industrialization 1

Name: Date: Period: VUS. 8 a&b: Westward Expansion and Industrialization. Filled In. Notes VUS. 8a&b: Westward Expansion and Industrialization 1 Name: Date: Period: VUS 8 a&b: Westward Expansion and Industrialization Filled In Notes VUS 8a&b: Westward Expansion and Industrialization 1 Objectives about Westward Expansion and Industrialization VUS8

More information

378. Purchase of Florida Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas.

378. Purchase of Florida Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. Note Cards 351. Embargo of 1807, opposition This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral

More information

Early Republic Addressing Challenges

Early Republic Addressing Challenges Early Republic Addressing Challenges 1789-1828 In this chapter, you will learn about life in the new nation, from the Presidency of to that of. Our earliest Presidents established many new traditions that

More information

Notes on the Industrial Revolution ( ) A. Machines start to replace human & animal power in production and manufacturing of goods

Notes on the Industrial Revolution ( ) A. Machines start to replace human & animal power in production and manufacturing of goods I. Overview of Industrial Revolution (IR) Notes on the Industrial Revolution (1780-1850) A. Machines start to replace human & animal power in production and manufacturing of goods B. Europe gradually transforms

More information

U.S. History Chapter Millionaire Review

U.S. History Chapter Millionaire Review U.S. History Chapter 14-15 Millionaire Review #1 Which of the following best describes the cotton gin s contribution to industrialization? Created jobs for A: B: immigrants Lowered price of cotton in South

More information

AP U.S. History (Mr. Broach)

AP U.S. History (Mr. Broach) AP United States History (Kennedy, Chapters 12-15) Unit 4 Nationalism / one-party system after the War of 1812 Emerging sectional tensions as people move west Some foreign concerns Universal white male

More information

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism CHAPTER 7

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism CHAPTER 7 Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism CHAPTER 7 Section 1 Regional Economies Create Differences Do Now: An industrial revolution is a change in economic and social conditions marked by a significant increase

More information

This era corresponds to information in Unit 5 ( ), Unit 6 ( ) and Unit 7 ( )

This era corresponds to information in Unit 5 ( ), Unit 6 ( ) and Unit 7 ( ) PERIOD 4: 1800 1848 The content for APUSH is divided into 9 periods. The outline below contains the required course content for Period 4. The Thematic Learning Objectives (historical themes) are included

More information

The North s People. Guide to Reading

The North s People. Guide to Reading The North s People Guide to Reading Main Idea Many cities grew tremendously during this period. Key Terms trade union, strike, prejudice, discrimination, famine, nativist Reading Strategy Determining Cause

More information

Chapter 9: Chapter Outline Instructions: I. The American Industrial Revolution Market Revolution division of labor factories mechanics

Chapter 9: Chapter Outline Instructions: I. The American Industrial Revolution Market Revolution division of labor factories mechanics Chapter 9: Chapter Outline The following annotated chapter outline will help you review the major topics covered in this chapter. Instructions: Review the outline to recall events and their relationships

More information

Chapter 9 1/14/2019. Alabama Standard. Ch.9 Section 1 (page #283)

Chapter 9 1/14/2019. Alabama Standard. Ch.9 Section 1 (page #283) Chapter 9 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Alabama Standard Describe the impact of technological inventions, conditions of labor and economic theories of capitalism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism during

More information

Locating Places. 7. G Hudson Bay 8. D Great Bear Lake 9. B Pacific Ranges 10. I Mackenzie River 11. H Rio Grande 12. E Great Slave Lake

Locating Places. 7. G Hudson Bay 8. D Great Bear Lake 9. B Pacific Ranges 10. I Mackenzie River 11. H Rio Grande 12. E Great Slave Lake Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of the United States and Canada. Write your answers on a sheet of paper. 7. G Hudson Bay 8. D Great Bear Lake 9. B Pacific Ranges

More information

he desire to move west

he desire to move west Pioneers from the thirteen original colonies packed up their belongings in horse-drawn wagons and traveled west to settle the Northwest Territory. Westward Stop and Go The desire to move west and settle

More information

Countries Of The World: The United States

Countries Of The World: The United States Countries Of The World: The United States By National Geographic Kids, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.26.18 Word Count 859 Level MAX Image 1: U.S. Route 101 in Oregon. This highway runs along the entire

More information