1. What the children think... page What the children want: Health, education, healthy environment... page 76

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1 MAPS Pictorial representations of children s and young people s opinions expressed in polls and surveys, and of children s views on a world fit for children. The selected indices illustrate elements of the children s vision set against challenges to their well-being. MAPS 1. What the children think... page What the children want: Health, education, healthy environment... page What the children want: Protection... page 78 General notes on the maps... page 80 73

2 Regional average 56% * 40% 74% 26% 18% 3% Regional average 56% * 42% Australia Cambodia Netherlands France Hungary Albania East Asia and the Pacific Western Europe CEE/CIS and Baltic States *Responses include: /not enough/it depends, sometimes yes, sometimes no. Children s involvement in domestic decision-making The responses of children aged 9-18 who were asked if they are consulted before decisions are taken at home, regional average and selected countries Source: UNICEF opinion polls, 1999, 2000, % 3% 51% 15% Regional average 57% * 39% 71% 4% 37% 16% I think there is a lot of information I know absolutely nothing 19% 8% Western Europe I feel very informed 40% 5% 5% Produced for UNICEF by Myriad Editions Limited Copyright UNICEF, 2002 * In surveys and consultations around the world, children told what they think and what they know issues that affect them. A high proportion of children and young women report having very little or no information on Young women usually know less HIV/AIDS than young men, and female HIV prevalence rates are higher. Despite largely positive relationships with parents, almost half of the children polled believe that their opinions are not considered when decisions that directly concern them are taken at home. With unemployment in Arab League countries at 15%, jobs and education top the list of concerns among 13- to 20-year-olds polled. I feel not at all informed 17% Latin America and the Caribbean 22% 4% 5% 74 MAPS

3 I think there is a lot of information I know absolutely nothing 18% 14% WHAT THE CHILDREN THINK* Where the children are Under-18-year-olds as proportion of total population, % and over 25% 49% CEE/CIS and Baltic States Under 25% data Source: United Nations Population Division. I think there is a lot of information 10% I know absolutely nothing 23% Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Percentage of young women aged 15 24, in selected countries in sub-saharan Africa, who feel they have sufficient knowledge % to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS Source: UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO, Young People and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in crisis, % The views of children aged 9 18 years on the information available on HIV/AIDS, in selected regions 2% 28% 1% East Asia and the Pacific Source: UNICEF opinion polls 1999, 2000, % 26% 26% 34% 5% 27% What are the key issues for youth in Arab states? The responses of 13- to 20-year-olds surveyed in 2001 Job opportunities Education Environment Poverty Participation in politics Health care Rich/poor divide Source: UNDP, Regional Bureau for Arab States, Arab Human Development Report Numbers in pie charts rounded. 9% 9% 9% 9% 12% 30% 23% Younger females 4% 4% 3% 7% 11% 24% 46% Older females 21% 4% 15% 8% 26% 13% 13% Younger males 3% 3% 12% 5% 43% 12% 21% Older males This map does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. THE STATE OF THE WORLD S CHILDREN

4 Birth registration Percentage of annual births not registered by region, 2000 Source: UNICEF, % 56% 16% Produced for UNICEF by Myriad Editions Limited Copyright UNICEF, 2002 * In a statement made at the UN Special Session on Children, children asked world leaders to ensure every child s right to health care, education and healthy environments. Children who are not registered at birth are denied their identity, a recognized name and a nationality all imperative for participation in society. In 2000, over 50 million babies were not registered, 41% of births worldwide. Nearly 120 million primaryschool-age children are not in school, 53% of them girls. Millions of children under five die each year from diseases easily preventable by vaccines. Increases in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide caused by human activities contribute to global warming and climate change, which may lead to famines and other catastrophes. Children s participation, for example in peer groups, is essential to their healthy growth and development. Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Clubs for children Percentage of children aged 9 18 who report attending an organized group, club or association Source: UNICEF opinion polls 1999, 2000, % 41% 49% 52% South-Eastern Europe Other regions in developing world Developing countries with no data or no birth registration system Bahamas, Belize, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Qatar, Samoa, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu. CEE/CIS and Baltic States Western Europe Latin America and the Caribbean 76 MAPS

5 WHAT THE CHILDREN WANT* Health, education, healthy environment School enrolment Proportion of children enrolled in or attending primary school, Under 50% 50% 74% 75% 89% 90% and over data Countries where fewer than 40% of girls are enrolled in school and/or the gender gap is greater than 10%, Source: UNESCO/UNICEF. CO 2 emissions Countries emitting more than 1 billion metric tonnes of CO 2, Countries emitting 100 million 999 million metric tonnes of CO 2, Source: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Cuba 99% Viet Nam 98% Brazil 97% Russian Federation 96% USA 94% Eritrea 93% Bosnia and Herzegovina 91% China 79% Benin, Kenya, Yemen 76% Nepal 72% Côte d'ivoire 57% Ethiopia, Pakistan 56% Madagascar 55% Senegal 52% Mali 51% Gabon 38% Timor-Leste 35% Somalia 33% Niger 31% 86% Rwanda 85% Tanzania 83% Bangladesh 81% South Africa 80% Ghana 64% India 62% Dominican Republic, Liberia 60% Cambodia 46% Sudan 44% Afghanistan, Sierra Leone 43% Cameroon, Haiti 41% Angola, Burkina Faso 40% Lao People's Dem. Rep., Dem. Rep. Congo 27% Chad 26% Nigeria 23% Central African Republic Immunization 2001 Percentage of one-year-olds fully immunized against DPT Source: WHO/UNICEF. This map does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. THE STATE OF THE WORLD S CHILDREN

6 * Children told world leaders at the Special Session on Children what they want: an end to poverty, exploitation and war. Produced for UNICEF by Myriad Editions Limited Copyright UNICEF, 2002 With poverty a major factor, 150 million children in developing countries are underweight, which increases the risk of death and inhibits mental and physical development. Since 1990, over 2 million children have been killed and 6 million have been seriously injured in wars. Legally binding, ILO Convention. 182 protects children from abuse and exploitation. Some 180 million children aged 5 17 are believed to be engaged in the worst forms of child labour one child in every eight worldwide. Every year, 1.2 million children are trafficked. 14 million children currently under 15 years old have lost one or both parents to AIDS. 78 MAPS

7 WHAT THE CHILDREN WANT* Protection Hunger Percentage of children under 5 years old who are moderately or severely underweight, % and over 20% 39% 5% 19% Under 5% data Source: UNICEF. Armed conflict Countries where major armed conflict took place in 2001 Source: Erikson, M., M. Sollenberg and P. Wallensteen, Patterns of major armed conflicts, , SIPRI Yearbook 2002: Armaments, disarmament and international security, Oxford University Press, Child labour Source: ILO. States that have not ratified ILO C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour, as of September 2002 Children orphaned by AIDS Countries where over 50% of orphans aged 0-14 years lost one or both parents to AIDS, 2001 Source: UNAIDS, UNICEF, USAID, Children on the Brink % 71% 65% 59% 54% 54% 51% This map does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Zimbabwe Botswana Zambia Swaziland Kenya Lesotho Uganda THE STATE OF THE WORLD S CHILDREN

8 General notes on the maps These maps are based on UNICEF opinion polls, on consultations with children throughout the world, on various data sources and on the statement A World Fit for Us, delivered at the UN Special Session on Children in May 2002 (see Panel 8, pages 66-67). Data sources for illustrations are given on each map. As many countries and territories as space allows have been included. Some countries and island nations are surrounded by a box if an indicator may not otherwise be seen easily. Map 1. What the children think: UNICEF opinion polls collected representative samples of opinions from boys and girls that illustrate the views of 103 million 9- to 18-year-olds in Latin America and the Caribbean; 93 million 9- to 17-year-olds in Western Europe, CEE/CIS and the Baltic States; and 300 million 9- to 17-year-olds in East Asia and the Pacific. Due to different questions asked in the three regions, the results included here should not be used to compare countries in different regions. This is true for questions that seem the same but differ in the allowed responses. The views children expressed on the information available on HIV/AIDS in these regions are children s perceptions of their knowledge, not based on any test of their knowledge. The young women in selected countries in sub-saharan Africa who feel they have sufficient knowledge to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS both correctly identified ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and rejected major misconceptions HIV transmission or prevention. This indicator is a composite of two prevention methods (condom use and one faithful partner) and these misconceptions. The key issues for young Arabs were sampled from two groups: 15- to 20-year-olds in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in 2001; and 13- to 17-year-old participants from 14 Arab countries at the Arab Children s Conference, held in Amman, Jordan, in July Map 2. What the children want health, education, healthy environment: special note. Map 3. What the children want protection: Hunger and malnutrition are broad terms, each denoting complex issues food insecurity, poverty, lack of delivery of services, inadequate care and unsafe water, to name a few. Both a cause and a consequence of income poverty, this indicator is shown here as a proxy for a poverty indicator. Using the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, a major armed conflict is defined as a contested incompatibility that concerns government and/or territory over which the use of armed force between the military forces of two parties, of which at least one is the government of a State, has resulted in at least 1,000 battle-related deaths in any single year. 80 GENERAL NOTES ON THE MAPS