The Urban Book Series

Transcription

1 The Urban Book Series

2 Aims and Scope The Urban Book Series is a resource for urban studies and geography research worldwide. It provides a unique and innovative resource for the latest developments in the field, nurturing a comprehensive and encompassing publication venue for urban studies, urban geography, planning and regional development. The series publishes peer-reviewed volumes related to urbanization, sustainability, urban environments, sustainable urbanism, governance, globalization, urban and sustainable development, spatial and area studies, urban management, urban infrastructure, urban dynamics, green cities and urban landscapes. It also invites research which documents urbanization processes and urban dynamics on a national, regional and local level, welcoming case studies, as well as comparative and applied research. The series will appeal to urbanists, geographers, planners, engineers, architects, policy makers, and to all of those interested in a wide-ranging overview of contemporary urban studies and innovations in the field. It accepts monographs, edited volumes and textbooks. More information about this series at

3 Carlos Nunes Silva Ján Buček Editors Local Government and Urban Governance in Europe 123

4 Editors Carlos Nunes Silva Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal Ján Buček Department of Human Geography and Demography Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia ISSN X ISSN (electronic) The Urban Book Series ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

5 Contents 1 Introduction... 1 Carlos Nunes Silva and Ján Buček Part I Crisis, Reform and Innovation in Local Government 2 Political and Administrative Decentralization in Portugal: Four Decades of Democratic Local Government Carlos Nunes Silva 3 Why and When Countries Implement Local Public Administration Reforms: A Long-Term View of Reform Dynamics in Slovakia, Ján Buček 4 Local Self-Government in Hungary: The Impact of Crisis Adrián Fábián 5 Local Government Innovation in Italy and its Impact on Urban and Regional Planning with a Focus on the Milanese Context Renzo Riboldazzi Part II Eu Policies, The Urban Agenda and Local Governance 6 Urban Dimension of the European Policies and the New EU Urban Agenda in Croatia Dana Dobrić 7 The Relationship Between the European Commission and Local Government Through European Urban Initiatives: Constraints and Solidarities Oussama Kharchi v

6 vi Contents 8 Mega-Events and New Patterns of Cooperation: The European Capitals of Culture Ágnes Németh 9 Urban Regeneration and Local Governance in Italy: Three Emblematic Cases Anna Trono, Maria Chiara Zerbi and Valentina Castronuovo 10 Involving Citizens in the Reuse and Regeneration of Urban Peripheral Spaces Gerardo Sassano, Antonio Graziadei, Federico Amato and Beniamino Murgante Part III Citizen Participation in Local Self-Government 11 Assessment of Socio-Economic Status Relevance for Latvian Electoral Participation Lilita Seimuskane, Inga Vilka and Edgars Brekis 12 Making Informed Citizens in Local Direct Democracy. What Part Does Their Government Perform? Werner Pleschberger Index

7 List of Figures Figure 2.1 The structure of local government in Portugal Figure 3.1 GDP per capita development in Slovakia (in USD). Source OECD 2015 ( , 2014 estimation) Figure 3.2 GDP growth in Slovakia (year to year change in %). Source OECD (2016) ( , 2014 estimated) Figure 3.3 Unemployment rate in Slovakia (in %). Source OECD Figure 3.4 Exchange rate SKK (Slovak Crown) to USD. Source NBS Figure 3.5 General government debt to GDP development in Slovakia (in %). Source OECD (2016) Figure 3.6 Total revenues of local self-governments in Slovakia (th. EUR). Sources Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic (2016) Figure 3.7 Policy priorities in Slovakia after 1989 (own elaboration) Figure 4.1 Changes of EUR/HUF and CHF/HUF exchange rates (yearly average). Source Hungarian National Bank Figure 4.2 Changes of Hungarian local self-government debts, billion EUR, Source Mohl (2012) Figure 8.1 Aggregate networks of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 projects showing the regional dimension. Note: the size of nodes indicates the number of links of a node on the aggregated level variety of links (i.e. the larger the node, the more different links it has with other groups), while the thickness of the links shows the number of connections on the level of organisations summated under the nodes. Source: Survey data ( ) processed and visualised by NetMiner 4 software vii

8 viii List of Figures Figure 8.2 Aggregate networks of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 projects showing the legal status (sectorial) dimension. Note: the size of nodes indicates the number of links of a node on the aggregated level variety of links (i.e. the larger the node, the more different links it has with other groups), while the thickness of the links shows the number of connections on the level of organisations summated under the nodes. Source Survey data ( ) processed and visualised by NetMiner 4 software Figure 8.3 Aggregate networks of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 projects showing the field of activity dimension. Note: the size of nodes indicates the number of links of a node on the aggregated level variety of links (i.e. the larger the node, the more different links it has with other groups), while the thickness of the links shows the number of connections on the level of organisations summated under the nodes. Source: Survey data ( ) processed and visualised by NetMiner 4 software Figure 8.4 The dynamics of the cooperation networks related to the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 projects. Source: Survey data ( ) processed and visualised by NetMiner 4 software Figure 9.1 Conservatorio di Sant Anna. Source: Euromed Agency Figure 9.2 Environmental degradation. Source: Valentina Castronuovo Figure 10.1 The Serpentone : a A picture shortly after its completion when it was disconnected from the central part of Potenza (left), b the original project (right-up), c a recent picture which highlights how urban development has included the neighbourhood in the urban part of the city (right-down) (Source Municipality of Potenza) Figure 10.2 a The realised project (left), b the original project (right-up), c the roof garden totally abandoned (right-down) (Source authors) Figure 10.3 a Workshop participants guide students from school to the ship, b few games built by workshop participants were enough to bring the neighbourhood children on the ship, c a small boat on the roof garden of the ship, d children were encouraged to express, through the game of it can, all that was possible to do in the neighbourhood, e the Solarium, space created during the workshop, attracts children and local residents, f The ship cargo has become a site of painting exhibition (Source Salvatore Laurenzana, photographer, September 2014)

9 List of Figures ix Figure 11.1 Figure 11.2 Figure 11.3 Figure 11.4 Figure 11.5 Figure 11.6 Figure 11.7 Figure 11.8 Figure 11.9 Voter turnout in elections to the Parliament, European Parliament, and local governments in Latvia (1994, 2004, 2010). Source The Central Election Commission of Latvia The administrative-territorial division and local governments in Latvia. Source Vilka and Seimuskane (2012) The territories of statistical regions in Latvia (Source Picture from publication of Latvian Academy of Science, Vilka 2013) Distribution of municipalities by voter turnout in the local elections of 2013 and elections to the European Parliament in Source A boxplot developed by the author using data of the CEC of Latvia on voter turnout Correlation between voter turnout in the local elections in 2013 and elections to the European Parliament in Source Calculations made by the authors, data of the CEC of Latvia Distribution of municipalities by personal income tax revenues per capita in Latvia in Source The boxplot made by the authors using the calculation on revenue from the personal income tax in the budgets of local governments per capita available in the regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia (2013) Distribution of municipalities by the number of population (log scale) in Latvia in Source A boxplot developed by the authors using the OCMA data about the number of population as of 1 January Distribution of municipalities in Latvia by individuals with higher education per 1000 inhabitants in Latvia. Source A boxplot developed by the authors using the CSB s data on higher education Distribution of municipalities by old-age pension beneficiaries per 1000 inhabitants in Latvia in Source A boxplot developed by the authors using the SSIA data on the number of old-age pension beneficiaries Figure Distribution of municipalities by proportion of Latvian population in Latvia in Source A boxplot developed by the authors using the CSB data about the number of population at the beginning of Figure Distribution of municipalities by live births per 1000 inhabitants in Latvia in Source A boxplot developed by the authors using the CSB data on the number of births

10 List of Tables Table 2.1 Local government in Portugal, Table 2.2 Municipalities and parishes: area and population Table 3.1 Main periods of local public administration reforms schematic outline of years with reform Table 3.2 Central governments and their composition in Slovakia Table 3.3 Coincidence matrix of selected events and factors development Table 6.1 Good local government principles encompassed in the EU and the CoE instruments Table 8.1 Summary of basic network characteristics of the Pécs 2010 and the Turku 2011 European capitals of culture (during the event year) Table 8.2 Network characteristics of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 projects based on centrality analysis Table 8.3 Networking compared to the evaluation of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 ECOC events Table 8.4 Evaluation of ECOC and the experienced impact on individual organisations networking Table 11.1 Citizens trust in public authorities in Latvia (%) Table 11.2 The Local governments with the highest voter turnout at the local elections in Table 11.3 Local governments with the highest voter turnout in the elections to the European Parliament in Table 11.4 Estimates of logistic regressions of voter turnout in local elections in 2013 and EP elections in Table 12.1 Institutional characteristics of cities xi