University of Groningen. Repatriation and the best interests of the child Zevulun, Daniëlle

Transcription

1 University of Groningen Repatriation and the best interests of the child Zevulun, Daniëlle IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2017 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Zevulun, D. (2017). Repatriation and the best interests of the child: The rearing environment and wellbeing of migrant children after return to Kosovo and Albania [Groningen]: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date:

2 References

3 References Amnesty International. (2017). Forced back to danger: Asylum-seekers returned from Europe to Afghanistan. London, UK: Amnesty International. Arnett, J. J. (2008). The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American. American Psychologist, 63, doi: / X Ashton, V. (2004). The effect of personal characteristics on reporting child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, doi: /j.chiabu Bakker, L., Dagevos, J., & Engbersen, G. (2014). The importance of resources and security in the socio-economic integration of refugees: A study on the impact of length of stay in asylum accomodation and residence status on socio-economic integration for the four largest refugee groups in the Netherlands. International Migration and Integration, 15, doi: / s Bala, J., & Kramer, S. (2010). Intercultural dimensions in the treatment of traumatized refugee families. Traumatology, 16(4), doi: / Bean, T. M. (2006). Assessing the psychological distress and mental healthcare needs of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Netherlands. PhD thesis. Leiden, the Netherlands: Leiden University. Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24): Belsky, J., & Vondra, J. (1989). Lessons from child abuse: The determinants of parenting. In D. Cicchetti, & V. Carlson (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the cause and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp ). New York, NY: Cambridge University Beltman, D. (2012). Voluntary return facilities for aliens without residence permits in comparative perspective. In G. Vonk (Ed.), Cross-border welfare state: Immigration, social security and integration (pp ). Antwerp: Intersentia. Berry, J. W. (1969). On cross-cultural comparability. International Journal of Psychology, 4, Berry, J. W. (1989). Imposed etics-emics-derived etics: The operationalization of a compelling idea. International Journal of Psychology, 24, Berry, J. W. (1999). Emics and etics: A symbiotic conception. Culture Psychology, 5(2), Berry, J. W., & Poortinga, Y. H. (2006). Cross-cultural theory and methodology. In J. Georgas, J. W. Berry, F. J. R. Van de Vijver, C. Kağitçibaşi, & Y. H. Poortinga (Eds.), Families across cultures: A 30-nation psychological study (pp ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Bhabha, J. (2001). Minors or aliens? Inconsistent state interventions and separated child asylum-seekers. European Journal of Migration and Law, 3, Black, R., Koser, K., Munk, K., Atfield, G., D Onofrio, L., & R. Tiemoko. (2004). Understanding Voluntary Return. London: Home Office. Retrieved from nationalarchives.gov.uk/ / rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/rdsolr5004.pdf (accessed 5 June 2017). Black, R., & Gent, G. (2006). Sustainable return in post-conflict contexts. International Migration, 44(3), Bloch, A., Sigona, N., & Zetter, R. (2014). Sans papiers: The social and economic lives of young undocumented migrants. London: Pluto Boeije, H. (2002). A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Quality & Quantity, 36, Boothby, N. (1992). Displaced children: Psychological theory and practice from the field. Journal of Refugee Studies, 5(2), Boothby, N., Strang, A., & Wessells, M. (2006). A World Turned Upside Down: Social Ecological Approaches to Children in War Zones. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian 178

4 Bowerman, E. (2017). Risks encountered after forced removal: The return experiences of young Afghans. Forced Migration Review, 54, Retrieved from Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Bronstein, I., & Montgomery, P. (2011). Psychological distress in refugee children: A systematic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), doi: /s Bronstein, I., Montgomery, P. & Dobrowolski, S. (2012). PTSD in asylum-seeking male adolescents from Afghanistan. Journal of Traumatic Stress 25, doi: / jts Canvas. (2014). Weg van België [Away from Belgium] (Documentary). Retrieved from b04e d-49da-bda67dda4d08fc46#panel-epi Carmines, E.S., & Zeller, R.A. (1994). Reliability and validity assessment. In M.S. Lewis-Beck (ed.), Basic measurement (pp. 1-58). London: Sage. Carr, H. (2014). Returning home : Experiences of reintegration for asylum seekers and refugees. British Journal of Social Work, doi: /bjsw/bcu046. Cassarino, J. (2004). Theorising return migration: The conceptual approach to returnmigrants revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 6(2), Chen, X., & Kaspar, V. (2004). Cross-cultural research on childhood. In U. P.Gielen, & J.Roopnarine (eds.), Childhood and adolescence: Cross-cultural perspectives and applications (pp ). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Cicchetti, D.V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), doi: / Comensha. (2016). Safe Future methodology concerning children: The interests of the child first! Retrieved from Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2013). General comment No. 14(2013) on the rights of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para. 1). CRC/C/GC/14. Retrieved from docs/gc/crc_c_gc_14_eng.pdf Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., & Martin, M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic status, family processes and individual development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, doi: /j x Convention on the Rights of the Child. (1989). Retrieved from org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc. aspx Cornish, F., Peltzer, K., & Mac Lachlan, M. (1999). Returning strangers: The children of Malawian refugees come home? Journal of Refugee Studies, 12(3), Christiansen, Ø., & Havik, T. (2010). Stability in out-of-home care; what s in it for whom? In E.J. Knorth, M.E. Kalverboer, & J. Knot-Dickscheit (eds.), Inside out: How interventions in child and family care work. An international source book (pp ). Antwerp, Belgium: Garant Publishers. Davids, T., & Van Houte, M. (2008). Remigration, development and mixed embeddedness: An agenda for qualitative research? International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 10(2), Daud, A., af Klinteberg, B., & Rydelius, P. (2008). Resilience and vulnerability among refugee children of traumatized and non-traumatized parents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(7). doi: / De Bree, J., Davids, T., & De Haas, H. (2010). Post-return experiences and transnational belonging of return migrants: A Dutch-Moroccan case study. Global Networks, 10(4), R 179

5 References DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., Marshall, P. L., & McCulloch, A. W. (2011). Developing and using a codebook for the analysis of interview data: An example from a professional development research project. Field Methods, 23, doi: / x De Haene, L., & Grietens, H. (2005). Vluchtelingenkinderen en jongeren [Refugee children and youth]. In H. Grietens et al. (Eds.), Handboek orthopedagogische hulpverlening: Deel 1 (pp ). Leuven / Voorburg: Acco. De Haene, L., Grietens, H., & Verschueren, K. (2010). Holding harm: Narrative methods in mental health research on refugee trauma. Qualitative Health Research, 20(12), doi: / Derluyn, I., Broekaert., E., & Schuyten, G. (2008). Emotional and behavioural problems in migrant adolescents in Belgium. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 17, doi: /s x Drotbohm, H. (2015). The reversal of migratory family lives: A Cape Verdean perspective on gender and sociality pre- and post-deportation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41, doi: / x Eldering, L. (2014). Cultuur en opvoeding [Culture and childrearing] (7th ed.). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Lemniscaat. EASO (European Asylum Support Office). (2013). Asylum applicants from the Western Balkans: Comparative analysis of trends, push-pull factors and responses. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. doi: /1197 EASO (European Asylum Support Office). (2015). Asylum applicants from the Western Balkans: Comparative analysis of trends, push-pull factors and responses Update. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. EASO (European Asylum Support Office). (2016). EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Kosovo Country Focus. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. doi: / EASO (European Asylum Support Office). (2016). EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Albania Country Focus. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. doi: / ECRE (European Council on Refugees and Exiles), & Save the Children. (2011). Comparative Study on Practices in the Field of Return of Minors. Final Report, December HOME/2009/RFXX/PR/1002. EMN (European Migration Network). (2014). The Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States: European Migration Network Study European Commission. EMN (European Migration Network). (2016). Synthesis report for the EMN focussed study The Return of Rejected Asylum Seekers: Challenges and good practices. European Commission. EPRS (European Parliamentary Research Service) (2015). Safe countries of origin: Proposed common EU list. European Union, Members Research Service, Briefing EU legislation in progress, October Retrieved from EPRS-Briefing Safe-countriesoforigin-FINAL.pdf European Commission. (2017).Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: The protection of children in migration. COM(2017)211 final. Eurostat. (2015, May). Asylum statistics [European Union statistics]. Retrieved from Evans, G. W. (2004). The environment of childhood poverty. American Psychologist, 59, doi: / x Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379, doi: / S (11) Feinstein, A.R., & Cicchetti, D.V. (1990). High agreement but low Kappa: 1. The problems of two paradoxes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 43(6),

6 Finnilä-Tuohimaa, K., Santtila, P., Sainio, M., Niemi, P., & Sandnabba, K. (2005). Connections between experience, beliefs, scientific knowledge, and self-evaluated expertise among investigators of child sexual abuse in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 46, Fleiss, J.L. (1981). Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York, NY: Wiley. Fong, R. (2004). Culturally competent practice with immigrant and refugee children and families. New York/London: The Guilford FRA (European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights) Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey: Roma Selected Findings. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: / Froerer, P. (2009). Kinship and child rearing. In T.R. Bidell, & R.A. Shweder (eds.), The child: An encyclopedic companion (pp ). Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Fuligni, A. J. (2004). The adaptation and acculturation of children from immigrant families. In U. P. Gielen, & J.Roopnarine (eds.), Childhood and adolescence: Cross-cultural perspectives and applications (pp ). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Gaffney, J. (2015). France in the Hollande presidency: The unhappy Republic. New york, NY: Palgrave Macmillen. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference update (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Ghanem, T. (2003). When forced migrants return home : The psychosocial difficulties returnees encounter in the reintegration rrocess. RSC Working Paper No. 16, University of Oxford. Ghorashi, H. (2005). Agents of change or passive victims: The impact of welfare states (the case of the Netherlands) on refugees. Journal of Refugee Studies, 18(2), doi: /refuge/fei020. Gibbons, J. L. (2004). Adolescents in the developing world. In U. P. Gielen, & J.Roopnarine (eds.), Childhood and adolescence: Cross-cultural perspectives and applications (pp ). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Gielen, U. P., & Chumachenko, O. (2004). All the world s children: The impact of global demographic trends and economic disparities. In U. P. Gielen, & J.Roopnarine (eds.), Childhood and adolescence: Cross-cultural perspectives and applications (pp ). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Gladwell, C., & Elwyn, H. (2012, October). Broken futures: Young Afghan asylum seekers in the UK and on return to their country of origin (UNHCR New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper No. 246). Retrieved from Gladwell, C., Bowerman, E., Norman, B., Dickson, S., & Ghafoor, A. (2016). After return: Documenting experiences of young people forcibly removed to Afghanistan. (Refugee Support Network) Retrieved from resources/after-return Gmelch, G. (1980). Return migration. Annual Review of Anthropology, 9, Goeman, M., Vegter, M. A., Zijlstra, A. E., & Bonhage-Talsma, G. T. (2017). Ik wil terug naar Nederland Monitoring van teruggekeerde gewortelde kinderen in Armenie. [ I want to go back to the Netherlands Monitoring of rooted children returned in Armenia.] Leiden, The Netherlands: Defence for Children. Goodman, M. (2004). Balkan children and families. In R. Fong (Ed.), Culturally competent practice with immigrant and refugee children and families (pp ). New York, NY: Guilford Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40(11), R 181

7 References Goodman, R., Ford, T., Simmons, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H. (2000). Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(6), doi: /bjp Goodman, R., Renfrew, D., & Mullick, M. (2000). Predicting type of psychiatric Disorder from Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in child mental health clinics in London and Dhaka. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, Grietens, H. (2011). Kleine stemmen, grote verhalen!? Over pleegkinderen in orthopedagogisch onderzoek. [Little voices, big stories!? On foster children in pedagogical research]. Antwerpen/Apeldoorn: Garant. Hallas, P., Hansen, A. R., Stær, M. A., Munk-Andersen, E., & Jorgensen, H. L. (2007). Length of stay in asylum centres and mental health in asylum seekers: A retrospective study from Denmark. BMC Public Health, 7, 288. doi: / Harkness, S., & Super, C. M. (1996). Parents cultural belief systems: Their origins, expressions and consequences. New York, NY: Guilford Hasanović, M., Sinanović, O., & Pavlović, S. (2005). Acculturation and psychological problems of adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina during exile and repatriation. Croation Medical Journal, 46, Hatfield, M. E. (2010). Children moving home? Everyday experiences of return migration in highly skilled households. Childhood, 17(2), doi: / Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, London: The Guilford Henrich, J., Heine, S.J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, doi: /s x x. Hodes, M. (2000). Psychologically distressed refugee children in the United Kingdom. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 5(2), Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1985). Measurement in cross-cultural psychology: A review and comparison of strategies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16(2), Human Rights Watch. (2010). Rights displaced: Forced returns of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from Western Europe to Kosovo. New York: Human Rights Watch. Huttunen, L. (2010). Sedentary policies and transnational relations: A non-sustainable case of return to Bosnia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 5(1), doi: /jrs/feq002. Ibanez, E. S., Borrego, J., Jr., Pemberton, J. R., & Terao, S. (2006). Cultural factors in decision-making about child physical abuse: Identifying reporter characteristics and influencing reporting tendencies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30, doi: /j. chiabu INSTAT (Republic of Albania Institute of Statistics), & IOM (International Organisation for Migration). (2014). Return Migration and Reintegration in Albania Gent: Grafik. Jacobsen, K., & Landau, L. (June 2003). Researching refugees: Some methodological and ethical considerations in social science and forced migration (Working Paper No. 90: New Issues in Refugee Research). Genève, Switzerland: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Jones, L., Rrustemi, A., Shahini, M., & Uka, A. (2003). Mental health services for war-affected children: Report of a survey in Kosovo. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, doi: / Jordans, M. J. D., Pigott, H., & Tol, W. A. (2016). Interventions for children affected by armed conflict: A systematic review of mental health and psychosocial support in low- and middle-income countries. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(9). doi: / s z Judah, T. (2008). Kosovo: What everyone needs to know. New York, NY: Oxford University 182

8 Kağitçibaşi, C. (2006). Theoretical perspectives on family change. In J. Georgas, J. W. Berry, F. J. R. Van de Vijver, C. Kağitçibaşi, & Y. H. Poortinga (Eds.), Families across cultures: A 30-nation psychological study (pp ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Kalverboer, M. E. (2014). The Best Interests of the Child in Migration Law: Significance and Implications in Terms of Child Development and Child Rearing. Amsterdam: SWP Publishers. Kalverboer, M. E., Beltman, D., Van Os, E. C. C., & Zijlstra, A. E. (2017). The Best Interests of the Child in cases of migration: Assessing and determining the Best Interests of the Child in migration procedures. International Journal of Children s Rights, 25, Kalverboer, M. E., Ten Brummelaar, M. D. C., Post, W. J., Zijlstra, A. E., Harder, A. T., & Knorth, E. J. (2012). The Best Interest of the Child-Questionnaire, reliability and validity: Preliminary data on the question where to live after detention or secure treatment? Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 22(1), doi: /cbm.825. Kalverboer, M. E., & Zijlstra, A. E. (2006). Het belang van het kind in het Nederlands recht: Voorwaarden voor ontwikkeling vanuit een pedagogisch perspectief [The best interest of the child in Dutch law: Conditions for development from a pedagogical perspective]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: SWP Publishers. Kalverboer, M. E., Zijlstra, A. E., & Knorth, E. J. (2009). The developmental consequences for asylum-seeking children living with the prospect for five years or more of enforced return to their home country. European Journal of Migration and Law, 11(1), doi: / x Kanuha, V.K. (2000). Being native ver sus going native : Conducting social work research as an insider. Social Work, 45(5), doi: /sw/ Kellezi, B., Reicher, S., & Cassidy, C. (2009). Surviving the Kosovo conflict: A study of social identity, appraisal of extreme events, and mental well-being. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58, doi: /j x King, R. L. (1977). Problems of return migration: Case study of Italians returning from Britain. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 68(4), King, R. (2005). Albania as a laboratory for the study of migration and development. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 7(2), doi: / Knaus, V. et al. (2012). Silent harm: A report assessing the situation of repatriated children s psycho-social health (UNICEF Kosovo in cooperation with Kosovo Health Foundation). Retrieved from HARM_Eng_Web.pdf Knörr, J. (2005). Children and migration: From experience to agency. New Brunswick: Transaction. Knot-Dickscheit, J., Thoburn, J., & Knorth, E. J. (eds.) (2015). Supporting children when providing services to families experiencing multiple problems: Perspectives and evidence. International Journal of Child and Family Welfare, 16(1/2). Kohli, R. K. S. (2006). The sound of silence: Listening to what unaccompanied asylum-seeking children say and do not say. British Journal of Social Work, 36, Kohli, R. K. S. (2011). Working to ensure safety, belonging and success for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. Child Abuse Review, 20, doi: /car.1182 Kohli, R., & Mather, R. (2003). Promoting psychosocial well-being in unaccompanied asylum seeking young people in the United Kingdom. Child and Family Social Work, 8, Kosovar Ministry of Internal Affairs. (2013). National Strategy for Reintegration of Repatriated Persons in Kosovo. Prishtina, October Available at mpbks.org/repository/docs/national_strategy_for_reintegration_of_repatriated_ Persons.pdf R 183

9 References Kostelny, K. (2006). A culture-based, integrative approach: Helping war-affected children. In N. Boothby, A. Strang, & M. Wessells (eds.), A world turned upside down: Social ecological approaches to children in war zones (pp ). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Laban, C. J., Gernaat, H. B. P. E., Komproe, I. H., Schreuder, B. A., & De Jong, J. T. V. M. (2004). Impact of long asylum procedure on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iraqi asylum seekers in the Netherlands. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(12), Labaree, R.V. (2002). The risk of going observationalist : Negotiating the hidden dilemmas of being an insider participant observer. Qualitative Research, 2(1), do i: / Lancy, D., F. (2015). The anthropology of childhood: Cherubs, chattel, changelings. (Second edition) Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University LeVine, R.A. (2007). Ethnographic studies of childhood: A historical overview. American Anthropologist, 109(2), doi: / AA LeVine, R. A., & New, R. S. (Eds.). (2008). Anthropology and child development: A cross-cultural reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Lie, B. (2004). The psychological and social situation of repatriated and exiled refugees: A longitudinal, comparative study. Scand J Public Health, 32, Lietaert, I., Derluyn, I., & Broekaert. E. (2014). Returnees perspectives on their re-migration processes. International Migration, 52(5), doi:10/1111/imig Loughry, M., & Flouri, E. (2001). The behavioral and emotional problems of former unaccompanied refugee children 3 4 years after their return to Vietnam. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, Majidi, N. (2013). Shortcomings in assistance for deported Afghan youth. Forced Migration Review, 44, Mels, C., Derluyn, I., Broekaert, E., & Rosseel, Y. (2010). The psychological impact of forced displacement and related risk factors on Eastern Congolese adolescents affected by war. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(10), Meuwese, S., Blaak, M., & Kaandorp, M. (Eds.). (2005). Handboek Internationaal Jeugdrecht: Een toelichting voor rechtspraktijk en jeugdbeleid op het Verdrag inzake de Rechten van het Kind en andere internationale regelgeving over de rechtspositie van minderjarigen [Handbook International Juvenile Law: An explanation for legal practice and youth policy of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international law concerning the legal position of minors]. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Ars Aequi Libri. Molenaar, I.W., & Sijtsma, K. (2000). User s Manual MSP5 for Windows [software manual]. Groningen, The Netherlands: IEC ProGAMMA. Möllers, J., Arapi-Gjini, A., Herzfeld, T., & Xhema, S. (2017). Exit or voice? The recent drivers of Kosovar out-migration. International Migration, 55(3), doi:10.111/ imig Montgomery, E., & Foldspang, A. (2005). Seeking asylum in Denmark: Refugee children s mental health and exposure to violence. European Journal of Public Health, 15(3), doi: /eurpub/cki059. Moriyoshi, N. (2001). What is adjustment? The adjustment process of Japanese returnee children. PhD thesis. Pennsylvania, the United States of America: University of Pennsylvania. Motti-Stefanidi, F., Pavlopoulos, V., Obradović, J., Dalla, M., Takis, N., Papathanassiou, A., & Masten, A. S. (2008). Immigration as a risk factor for adolescent adaptation in Greek urban schools. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5(2), doi: / Motti-Stefanidi, F., Pavlopoulos, V., Obradović, J., & Masten, A. S. (2008). Acculturation and adaptation of immigrant adolescents in Greek urban schools. International Journal of Psychology, 43(1),

10 Motti-Stefanidi, F., Pavlopoulos, V., & Tantaros, S. (2011). Parent-adolescent conflict and adolescents adaptation: A longitudinal study of Albanian immigrant youth living in Greece. International Journal of Developmental Science, 5, doi: /dev Mullick, M. S., & Goodman, R. (2001). Questionnaire screening for mental health problems in Bangladeshi children: A preliminary study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36(2): Neto, F. (2016). Predictors of loneliness among Portuguese Youths from Returned Migrant Families. Social Indicators Research, 126, doi: /s Ní Laoire, C. (2011). Narratives of innocent Irish childhoods : Return migration and intergenerational family dynamics. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(8), Ní Raghallaigh, M. (2014). The causes of mistrust amongst asylum seekers and refugees: Insights from research with unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors living in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of Refugee Studies, 27(1), doi: /jrs/ fet006 Nielsen, S. S., Norredam, M., Christiansen, K. L., Obel, C., Hilden, J., & Krasnik, A. (2008). Mental health among children seeking asylum in Denmark The effect of length of stay and number of relocations: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 293(8). doi: / Paardekooper, B. P. (2002). Children of the Forgotten War: A Comparison of Two Intervention Programs for the Promotion of Well-Being of Sudanese Refugee Children. PhD Thesis. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Ramet, S. P. (1999). Gender politics in the Western Balkans: Women and society in Yugoslavia and the successor states. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Reed, R. V., Fazel, M., Jones, L., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in low-income and middle-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379, doi: /s (11) Reijneveld, S. A., Verheij, R. A., & De Bakker, D. H. (2000). The impact of area deprivation on differences in health: Does the choice of the geographical classification matter? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54(4), Ridge, T. (2011). The everyday costs of poverty in childhood: A review of qualitative research exploring the lives and experiences of low-income children in the UK. Children & Society, 25, doi: /j x Riiskjaer, M.H.B., & Nielsson, T. (2008). Circular repatriation: The unsuccessful return and reintegration of Iraqis with refugee status in Denmark (Research paper no. 165: New Issues in Refugee Research, October 2008). Genève: The UN Refugee Agency Policy Development and Evaluation Service. Ruben, R., Van Houte, M., & Davids, T. (2009). What determines the embeddedness of forced-return migrants? Rethinking the role of pre- and post-return assistance. International Migration Review, 43(4), doi: /j x Rutter, M Resilience concepts and findings: Implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 21, Ryan, D. A., Benson, C. A., & Dooley, B. A. (2008). Psychological distress and the asylum process: A longitudinal study of forced migrants in Ireland. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(1), Samarasinghe, K., & Arvidsson, B. (2002). It s a different war to fight here in Sweden the impact of involuntary migration on the health of refugee families in transition. Scand J Caring Sci., 16, R 185

11 References Save the Children. (2016). Afghan children cannot wait: The case for investing in their future now. Retrieved from node/10120/pdf/brussels_conference_on_ afghanistan._brief._oct.2016.pdf Schelbe, L., Chanmugam, A., Moses, T., Saltzburg, S., Williams, L. R., & Letendre, J. (2015). Youth participation in qualitative research: Challenges and possibilities. Qualitative Social Work, 14(4), doi: / Schuster, L., & Majidi, N. (2015). Deportation stigma and re-migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41, doi: / x Silove, D., Steel, Z., & Watters, C. (2000). Policies of deterrence and the mental health of asylum seekers. JAMA, 284(5), Sijtsma, K., & Molenaar, I.W. (eds.) (2002). Introduction to nonparametric item response theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Simić, A. (1999). Machismo and cryptomatriarchy: Power, affect, and authority in the traditional Yugoslav family. In S. P. Ramet (Ed.), Gender politics in the Western Balkans: Women and society in Yugoslavia and the successor states (pp ). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Simkus, A. (2007a). Cross-National differences in the Western Balkans in three dimensions of attitudes: Ethnic exclusionism, gender role conservatism, and conservative sexual mores. International Journal of Sociology, 37(3), doi: /ijs Simkus, A. (2007b). Guest editor s introduction: The SEESSP Project. International Journal of Sociology, 37(3), doi: / IJS Sleijpen, M., Boeije, H. R., Kleber, R. J., & Mooren, T. (2015). Between power and powerlessness: A meta-ethnography of sources of resilience in young refugees. Ethnicity & Health, doi: / Snyder, C. S., May, J. D., Zulcic, N. N., & Gabbard, W. J. (2005). Social work with Bosnian Muslim refugee children and families: A review of the literature. Child Welfare, 84, Suárez-Orozco, C., & Suárez-Orozco, M.M. (2002). Children of immigration. Cambridge, MA / London, UK: Harvard University Tausendfreund, T. & Knot-Dickscheit, J. (2015). Children in families experiencing multiple problems: Advancing a main challenge. International Journal of Child and Family Welfare, 16(1/2), Ten Brummelaar, M.D.C., Kalverboer, M.E., Harder, A.T., Post, W.J., Zijlstra, A.E., & Knorth, E.J. (2014). The Best Interest of the Child Self-Report Questionnaire (BIC-S): Results of a participatory development process. Child Indicators Research, 7(3), doi: /s Ten Brummelaar, M. D. C., Post, W. J., Arkesteijn, P. A., Kalverboer, M. E., Harder, A. T., & Knorth, E. J. (2017). Perceived living conditions of young people staying in secure residential care: Psychometric properties of the Best Interest of the Child Self-report questionnaire (BIC-S). Child Indicators Research, 10. doi: /s The Government of the Republic of Kosovo. (2015). Kosovo Migration Profile 2014.Government Authority for Monitoring of the Movement on Migration: Prishtina. Retrieved from docs/2.1_migration_profile_2014_english pdf Therborn, G. (2004). Between sex and power: Family in the world, London: Routledge. Therborn, G. (2009). Family. In T.R. Bidell, & Shweder, R.A. (eds.), The child: An encyclopedic companion (pp ). Chicago: University of Chicago Toscani, L., DeRoo, L. A., Eytan, A., Gex-Fabry, M., Avramovski, V., Loutan, L., & Bovier, P. (2007). Health status of returnees to Kosovo: Do living conditions during asylum make a difference? Public Health, 121(1), doi: /j.puhe

12 UN (United Nations) General Assembly. (2016). New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 September A/RES/71/1. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). (2016). Global trends: Forced displacement in Geneva: Switzerland. UNICEF (United Nations Children s Fund) (2015). Child notice Albania. Retrieved from html. Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2007). Gedragsproblemen. Ontwikkelingen en risico s [Behavioural problems. Developments and risks]. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Lemniscaat. Van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Poortinga, Y. H. (1997). Towards an integrated analysis of bias in cross-cultural assessment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 13(1), Van de Vijver, F., & Tanzer, N.K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: An overview. Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée, 54, doi: /j.erap Van Essen, J., & Bala, J. (2007). Als glas in lood: Integratieve behandeling van vluchtelingenkinderen en gezinnen. [Like stained glass: Integrative treatment of refugee children and families]. Utrecht: Stichting Pharos. Van Houte, M. (2014). Moving back or moving forward? Return migration after conflict. PhD thesis. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Maastricht University. Van Houte, M. & De Koning, M. (2008). Towards a better embeddedness? Monitoring assistance to involuntary returning migrants from Western countries. Nijmegen, the Netherlands: Centre for International Development Issues Nijmegen. Van Os, E.C.C., Kalverboer, M.E., Zijlstra, A.E., Post, W.J., & Knorth, E.J. (2016). Knowledge of the unknown child: A systematic review of the elements of the Best Interests of the Child Assessment for recently arrived refugee children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(3), doi: / s y. Van Os, E.C.C., Zijlstra, A.E., Kalverboer, M.E., Post, W.J., & Knorth, E.J. Finding keys: A systematic review of barriers and facilitators for refugee children s disclosure of their life stories. (Manuscript submitted for publication) Van Meeteren, M., Engbersen, G., Snel, E., & Faber, M. (2014). Understanding different post-return experiences: The role of preparedness, return motives and family expectations for returned migrants in Morocco. Comparative Migration Studies 2(3), Vathi, Z. (2015). A (home)land with a sea: The leisure and tourism in the Western Balkans of Kosovan migrants and their children living in London. Leisure Studies, 34, do i: / Vathi, Z., & Duci, V. (2016). Making other dreams: The impact of migration on the psychosocial wellbeing of Albanian-origin children and young people upon their families return to Albania. Childhood, 23(1), doi: / Vervliet, M., Vanobbergen, B., Broekaert, E., & Derluyn, I. (2015). The aspirations of Afghan unaccompanied refugee minors before departure and on arrival in the host country. Childhood, 22(3), doi: / Von Lersner, U., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2008). Mental health of refugees following state-sponsored repatriation from Germany. BMC Psychiatry, 8(88). doi: / x-8-88 Vostanis, P. (2006). Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Research and clinical applications. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19, Webber, F. (2011). How voluntary are voluntary returns? Race Class, 52(98), R 187

13 References Weisner, T. S. (2014). Culture, context, and child well-being. In A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Frønes, & J. E. Korbin (Eds.), Handbook of child well-being: Theories, methods and policies in global perspective (pp ). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. doi: / Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P. (1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Whiting, B. B., & Whiting, J. W. M. (1975). Children of six cultures: A psycho-cultural analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Wiegersma, P. A., Stellinga-Boelen, A. A. M., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2011). Psychosocial problems in asylum seekers children: The parent, child, and teacher perspective using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199(2), doi: / NMD.0b013e d2.Xu, Q. (2014). Immigrant parents perceptions of the best interests of the child. In M.K. Miller, J. Chamberlain, & T. Wingrove (eds.), Psychology, law and the wellbeing of children. Oxford: Oxford University doi: acprof:oso/ Yoshida, T., Matsumoto, D., Akashi, S., Akiyama, T., Furuiye, A., Ishii, C., & Moriyoshi, N. (2009). Contrasting experiences in Japanese returnee adjustment: Those who adjust easily and those who do not. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, doi: /j.ijintrel Yoshida, T., Matsumoto, D., Akiyama, T., Moriyoshi, N., Furuiye, A., Ishii, C., & Franklin, B. (2002). The Japanese returnee experience: factors that affect reentry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, Zevulun, D., Kalverboer, M.E., Zijlstra, A.E., Post, W.J., & Knorth, E.J. (2015). Returned migrant children in Kosovo and Albania: Assessing the quality of child-rearing from a non-western perspective. Cross-Cultural Research, 49(5), doi: / Zevulun, D., Post, W. J., Zijlstra, A. E., Kalverboer, M. E., & Knorth, E. J. (2017). Migrant and asylum-seeker children returned to Kosovo and Albania: Predictive factors for social-emotional wellbeing after return. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. doi: / X Zijlstra, A. E. (2012). In the best interest of the child? A study into a decision-support tool validating asylum-seeking children s rights from a behavioural scientific perspective. PhD thesis. Groningen, the Netherlands: University of Groningen. Zijlstra, A. E., Kalverboer, M. E., Post, W. J., Knorth, E. J., & Ten Brummelaar, M. D. C. (2012). The quality of the childrearing environment of refugee or asylum-seeking children and the best interest of the child: Reliability and validity of the BIC-Q. Behavioral Science and the Law, 30(6), doi: /bsl.1998 Zijlstra, A. E., Kalverboer, M. E., Post, W. J., Ten Brummelaar, M. D. C., & Knorth, E. J. (2013). Could the BIC-Q be a decision-support tool to predict the development of asylum-seeking children? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 36(2), doi: /j.ijlp Zúñiga, V., & Hamann, E. T. (2015). Going to a home you have never been to: The return migration of Mexican and American-Mexican children. Children s Geographies, 13(6), doi: / Yoshikawa, H. (2011). Immigrants Raising Citizens: Undocumented Parents and their Young Children. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 188

14 189 R

15