SSUSH12: American Industrial Growth. The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.

Transcription

1 SSUSH12: American Industrial Growth The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.

2 New Immigration Prior to 1880s, majority of immigrants came from northern and western Europe Usually English, Scots, Germans, French After Civil War, more eastern and southern Europeans immigrated to the US Between , over 20 million immigrants entered the US End up being 15% of the total population

3 New Immigration These new immigrants were usually poor Couldn t afford land and were unskilled laborers and lived in cities Typically spoke no English Jewish or Catholic Asian and European Settled into areas populated by similar cultures - didn t blend in the way others did in the past

4 Ellis Island Ellis Island Immigrant Station in New York Harbor opened in % of all Americans can trace their port of entry to Ellis Island Immigrants were transported from their ships by barges to immigrant processing centers. About 2% were denied admission Around 3000 died while waiting to be processed

5 Impact of New Immigration in Urban America Overcrowding in cities led to disease and crime Demand for agricultural and industrial goods caused economic growth New cultural items: Italian opera, Polish polka, Russian literature New foods: spaghetti, frankfurters, hamburgers

6 Labor Unions Unskilled laborers had low wages, long workdays, no vacation, & unsafe work conditions Individuals didn t have power to enact change, so they grouped together to form labor unions Used collective bargaining to get benefits. If employers didn t make a deal, laborers used strikes

7 American Federation of Labor In 1886, immigrant Samuel Gompers formed the American Federation of Labor Accepted only skilled workers Organized by craft rather than geography AFL had around 4 million members Effective until the Great Depression

8 Expansion West Leads to Conflict As people moved out west, they clashed violently with the Plains Indians who were attempting to protect their land. The 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty set aside land in the Black Hills of Dakota in exchange for the Plains Indians leaving settlers alone In 1875, gold was found in the Black Hills and the treaty was violated.

9 Great Sioux War Battle of Little Bighorn was a victory for the Sioux; most of the 7th Cavalry was killed Plains Indians were doomed due to the US s superior numbers and organization US targeted the buffalo and wiped out Plains Indians main food supply. Some Native Americans escaped to Canada Most had to relocate to reservations.

10 Sitting Bull Lakota leader, led coalition of Plains tribes against the US After 5 years of exile, Sitting Bull returned to the US and agreed to settle in a reservation 10 years later, his tribe joined a movement in hopes to reclaim their lands. When some of his followers were ordered to be brought back to the reservation, conflict ensued

11 Battle at Wounded Knee 7th Cavalry were confiscating weapons from the Sioux and a shot was fired. The following gun battle resulted in the deaths of over 300 Sioux - including women and children The last major conflict between the US and Native Americans

12 Pullman Strike The Panic of 1863, an economic depression, led to Pullman Palace Car Company cutting wages as sales dropped. Workers complained to George Pullman about cut wages and the company s refusal to lower rent prices for company housing

13 Pullman Strike When members of the American Railway Union refused to handle Pullman cars, Pullman locked his workers out. Rail workers and other labor unions across the US went on strike to support Pullman workers. Eventually President Cleveland brought in the government to shut down the strike Big business and US government feared unions would interfere with capitalism