CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE

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1 CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE Table of Contents DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS... 3 Age... 3 Race/Ethnicity... 4 IMMIGRATION & MIGRATION... 6 EDUCATION... 6 INCOME... 9 EMPLOYMENT POVERTY PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION COST OF LIVING HOUSING HEALTH INSURANCE UNCOMPENSATED CARE CRIME DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INCARCERATED POPULATIONS Table of Tables Table 1. Population By Race, Table 2. Population By Race, Table 3. Hispanic/Latino Population, Table 4. Hispanic/Latino Population, Table 5. Haitian and Jamaican Populations, Table 6. Components of Broward Population Change, July July Table 7. Refugee, Entrant & Asylee Populations, Federal FY *... 6 Table 8. Broward Public School Enrollment, & Table 9. Educational Attainment (ages > 25), Table 10. Household Income & Benefits, Table 11. Total Personal Income*, Table 12. Per Capita Income, Table 13. Broward Labor Force, Employment & Unemployment, Table Broward Employment By Industry Table 15. % Whose Income* is Below Poverty Level, Table 16. SNAP Monthly Changes by Household Size Table 17. Broward County Public Assistance: Food Stamps, TANF & Medicaid, 2015-August Table 18. School Free/Reduced Lunch Eligibility Table 19. Public Transportation Ridership Comparison, March Table 20. Cost-of-Living Comparison, Table 21. Broward Gross Rent, 2014 vs Table 22. Foreclosure County Comparison Table 23. Broward County Foreclosure Comparisons by Zip Code, Table 24. Civilian Non-Institutionalized Population Uninsured Rate, by Age Group, 2014 vs Table 25. Uncompensated Care in Broward Hospitals, Table 26. Index Crime Rates per 100,000 Residents, Table 27. Broward Municipalities Crime Rate per 100,000, Table 28. Broward County Youth Referred for Delinquency by Gender & Race Table 29. Broward Domestic Violence Offenses, BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 1

2 Table of Figures Figure 1. Broward Population Comparison by Age Group, Figure 2. Broward Population by Age, Figure 3. Broward Population by Age, Figure 4. Broward Migration and Population Change, Figure 5. Broward Student Enrollment PK-12 by Race/Ethnicity Figure 6. High School Graduation and Dropout Rates, Broward and FL... 8 Figure 7. Broward Labor Force and Employment, Figure 8. Broward Unemployment Rate, Annual Averages, Figure 9. Broward Monthly Unemployment Rate(%), Seasonally Adjusted Figure 10. Food Stamp Issuance, May 2015-May Figure 11. Broward of Food Stamp Households, 2012 to May Figure 12. Broward County Residents Spending More than 30% of Income on Housing (Owner vs. Renter Occupied), Figure 13. Foreclosures Activity, May Figure 14. Foreclosure Comparison, May Figure 15. Broward Foreclosures June 2015-May Figure 16. Broward Foreclosures by Region, May Figure 17. Broward Juvenile Delinquency Total Youth (unduplicated) and Arrests, 2010/ / BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 2

3 Age Group Age Group INTRODUCTION The Broward Regional Profile provides demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing health status and impacting availability of health resources, which results in increased utilization rates and decreased availability in healthcare financing. Factors discussed in this chapter directly and indirectly impact Broward residents health status. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Age As illustrated in Figure 1, the 45 to 54 age group represent the largest age group in Broward. For the period of 2013 to 2015, the greatest population increase occurred in the 55 to 64 year old age group, followed by the 65 to 74 age group. Figure 1. Broward Population Comparison by Age Group, , , , , ,000 50, Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey (DP05) 2013, 2014, 2015 Figure 2 and Figure 3 depict Broward s 2010 and 2015 population by age group. Figure 2. Broward Population by Age, years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 55 to 64 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2010 Census Figure 3. Broward Population by Age, years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 55 to 64 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years 41,526 82, , , , , , ,256 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey, (DP05) , , , ,479-50, , , , , ,000 45,071 Number of People 88, , , , , , , , , , ,877-50, , , , , ,000 Number of People BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 3

4 Race/Ethnicity According to the 2010 Census, Broward County has become the most racially diverse county in South Florida (when compared to Palm Beach and Miami-Dade counties). Broward s Hispanic population is growing at a faster rate than Black and non-hispanic population. The County s Hispanic population continues to grow more diverse, as new residents from Puerto Rico, Columbia, Nicaragua, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Peru, Honduras and Venezuela establish communities in the region (each with more than 30,000 residents). According to the 2010 US Census estimates, Broward was home to 438,247 Hispanics, comprising 25.1 percent of the Broward population. By 2015, this number increased to 531,735, representing 28.0 percent of the population. The percentage of Broward and Florida populations by race and ethnicity is depicted in Table 1 and Table 2. In 2010 and 2015, Broward had a higher percentage of minorities than Florida as a whole, further illustrating the diversity in the County. The tables also illustrate that White represents the largest proportion of the population, followed by Black/African American. Table 1. Population By Race, 2010 Broward Florida # % # % Reported One Race 1,697, % 18,328, % White 1,102, ,109, % Black/African 467, % 2,999, % American American Indian & 5, % 71, % Alaska Native Asian 56, % 454, % Native Hawaiian & % 12, % Other Pacific Islander Other Race 64, % 681, % Two or more races 50, % 472, % TOTAL 1,748, % 18,801, % Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Table 2. Population By Race, 2015 Broward Florida # % # % Reported One Race 1,839, ,769, % White 1,162, ,357, % Black/African 540, ,280, % American American Indian & 3, , % Alaska Native Asian 67, , % Native Hawaiian & , % Other Pacific Islander Other Race 63, , % Two or more races 56, , % TOTAL 1,896, % 20,271, % Source: American Community Survey (DP05), 2015 BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 4

5 Table 3 and Table 4 illustrate the ethnic diversity of Broward, showing more than a quarter of the population is Hispanic. Table 3. Hispanic/Latino Population, 2010 Total Subtotal % of Total Hispanic/Latino (any race) 441, % Cuban 78, % Puerto Rican 81, % Colombian 70, % Not Hispanic or Latino 1,311, % Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Table 5. Haitian and Jamaican Populations, Haitian 116, , , , , ,344 Jamaican 101, , , , , ,027 Source: American Community Survey, (S0201) 2015 Table 4. Hispanic/Latino Population, 2015 Total Subtotal % of Total Hispanic/Latino (any race) 531, % Cuban 93, % Puerto Rican 87, % Colombian 87, % Not Hispanic or Latino 1,364, % Source: American Community Survey, (B03001) 2015 More than seven of every ten new residents in the last decade emigrated from another country. Latin America and the Caribbean continue to be the primary sources of international migration into South Florida, although there is growing diversity due to recent immigrants from Europe and Asia. According to the 2015 American Community Survey, the number of Haitians residing in Broward is approximately 140,344 and the number of Jamaicans is 112,027, which is a 21% and 11% increase in 5 years respectively. BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 5

6 IMMIGRATION & MIGRATION Since 1991, South Florida s immigrant community has grown so substantially that Broward is a minority-majority county. Broward is among 22 large U.S. counties where Hispanic and Black residents outnumber White non-hispanics. Figure 4 illustrates an increase in population, comparing natural increases to migration. Both total migration of people into Broward and total population increased in Furthermore, from 2014 and 2015, births and deaths increased. Figure 4. Broward Migration and Population Change, ,000 26,746 24,031 23,842 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000-21,558 21,354 22,161 19,175 17,858 16,582 14,892 15,069 15, Total Migration Births Deaths *Total Population Change.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, (PEPTCOMP) 2013, 2014, 2015 *Total Population Change includes a residual change in population that cannot be attributed to any specific component Table 6 displays that both Broward and Florida saw population increases from July 2014 to July Table 6. Components of Broward Population Change, July July 2015 Vital Events Net Migration Births Deaths Natural Increase* International Internal Total** Broward 22,161 15,213 6,948 17,156 2,019 19,175 Florida 220, ,735 29, , , ,035 *Natural Increase = Births Deaths **Total Migration = International + Internal Source: U.S. Census, County Population Estimates, (PEPTCOMP) 2015 Another source of migration into Broward County is the arrival of refugees, entrants and asylees. Individuals in this population in Broward primarily arrive from Haiti and Cuba. The total population of refugees, entrants, parolees and asylees has increased in both Florida and Broward from 2014 to The number of refugees, entrants and asylees is expected to increase in the coming year with the Obama Administration s goal of accepting 110,000 refugees in the 2017 fiscal year a 57 percent increase from the number accepted in 2015 (whitehouse.gov). Table 7. Refugee, Entrant & Asylee Populations, Federal FY * Broward County 1,174 1,079 1, ,200 Florida 27,204 28,762 29,461 32,717 48,816 Source: Florida Department of Children and Families, Refugee Services * This captures those documented by Department of Children and Families. EDUCATION Broward County Public Schools is the nation's sixth largest public school system and the second largest in the state of Florida, with over 265,000 students in 238 schools, centers and technical colleges and 102 charter schools. The total enrollment for the 2015/2016 school year was 268,836 for all schools and BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 6

7 charter schools. From the 2014/2015 school year to the 2015/2016 school year, decreases in enrollment were seen in elementary schools, middle schools education centers, while increases in enrollment were seen in high schools and charter schools. Enrollment by grade level is outlined in Table 8. Table 8. Broward Public School Enrollment, & Enrollment Grade Level Elementary School (includes Pre-K and Kindergarten) 102, ,698 Middle School (6 th -8 th Grades) 47,827 47,113 High School (9 th -12 th Grades) 69,393 70,468 District Education Centers 5,330 5,275 Charter Schools 40,052 43,282 Source: Broward County Public Schools, Green = Increased enrollment from the previous year; Yellow = No change from the previous year; Red = Decreased enrollment from the previous year At the beginning of the school year, White students represented 50.9 percent of enrollment, while Black students represented 40.6 percent and Hispanic students 31.5 percent (Figure 5). Figure 5. Broward Student Enrollment PK-12 by Race/Ethnicity % 60% 40% 20% 0% 50.9% 40.6% Racial/Ethnic Distribution % 1.0% 0.2% 3.5% 31.5% Source: Broward County Public Schools, % BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 7

8 As seen in Figure 6, the graduation rate in Broward County has increased from 71.4% to 76.6% over a 5-year period. Dropout rates in Broward have continued to decrease in the school year, going from 1.9% to 1.4% - falling below Florida s rate of 1.8%. Figure 6. High School Graduation and Dropout Rates, Broward and FL 80% 75% 70% 65% 71.4% 70.6% Graduation Rates, 2010/ / % 74.5% 75.6% 76.1% 75.3% 74.2% 77.9% 76.6% Table 9 depicts educational attainment for the population 25 years of age and older. Compared to the entire state of Florida, Broward has a higher percentage of attainment for both a high school degree or higher and a bachelor s degree or higher. Table 9. Educational Attainment (ages > 25), Broward Florida Broward Florida % HS graduate or higher 88.4% 87.2% 88.2% 87.6% % High School Graduate 29.6% 28.7% 27.4% 29.2% % Some college, no degree 19.2% 20.7% 19.1% 20.4% % Associate s degree 10.0% 9.7% 9.5% 9.6% % Bachelor's degree or higher 30.5% 27.3% 32.2% 28.4% % Bachelor s degree 19.6% 17. 4% 20.7% 18.2% % Graduate or professional degree 10.9% 9.8% 11.6% 10.2% Source: American Community Survey, (S1501) 2014, % Broward Florida 3% 2% 1% 1.9% 1.3% Dropout Rates, 2010/ /15 2.0% 2.1% 1.9% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.4% 0% Broward Florida Source: Florida Department of Education BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 8

9 INCOME From 2014 to 2015, Broward s median income increased from $51,608 to $53,926. In 2015, median and mean incomes in Broward County households both increased from the previous year. Table 10 outlines income and benefits with the corresponding number of households for Broward and Florida. Table 10. Household Income & Benefits, 2015 Broward Florida Income and Benefits # of HH* % # of HH* % < $10,000 41, % 548, % $10,000 to $14,999 32, % 387, % $15,000 to $24,999 73, % 883, % $25,000 to $34,999 68, % 841, % $35,000 to $49,999 94, % 1,102, % $50,000 to $74, , % 1,380, % $75,000 to $99,999 77, % 849, % $100,000 to $149,999 86, % 829, % $150,000 to $199,999 34, % 311, % $200,000 36, % 328, % Total Households 673,870 7,463,184 Avg Inflation MEDIAN INCOME** Rate % $49,793 $45, % $50,446 $46, % $51,608 $47, % $53,926 $49,426 MEAN INCOME** % $69,004 $64, % $72,233 $65, % $72,409 $67, % $75,859 $70,462 * HH = Households **Data is presented in inflation-adjusted dollars for that year Source: 2015 American Community Survey (S1901)Green = Improvement from previous year; Yellow = No significant change from previous year; Red = Lack of improvement from previous year; From 2009 through 2014, both total personal income (Table 11) and per capita income (Table 12) increased for residents of Broward County. Personal income is defined as the income received by all persons from all sources. Personal income is the sum of net earnings by place of residence, property income, and personal current transfer receipts. Per capita personal income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the resident population of the area. Table 11. Total Personal Income*, Total Personal Income Broward Florida ,764, ,858, ,461, ,553,954 % change % 9.2% ,114, ,709,568 % change % 8.9% ,829, ,709,568 % change % 4.1% ,138, ,429,592 % change % 1.1% ,660, ,091,341 % change % -5.7% ,231, ,922,656 % change % 4.4% ,868, ,598,825 % Change % 6.1% ,222, ,388,291 % Change % 3.1% ,873, ,664,740 % Change % 1.4% ,905, ,177,746 % Change % 5.0% *Total personal income is presented in thousands of dollars Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; bea.gov ; Green = Improvement from previous year; Yellow = No significant change from previous year; Red = Lack of improvement from previous year BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 9

10 Table 12. Per Capita Income, Broward Florida United States 2005 $38,618 $36,294 $35, $40,886 $38,812 $38, $42,323 $39,945 $39, $41,852 $40,018 $41, $39,035 $37,479 $39, $40,050 $38,718 $40, $41,305 $40,538 $42, $41,886 $41,249 $44, $41,657 $41,309 $44, $43,283 $42,737 $46,049 Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; bea.gov Green = Improvement from the previous year; Yellow = No significant change from the previous year; Red = Lack of improvement from the previous year EMPLOYMENT Figure 7 outlines the size of Broward s labor force over time compared with the number of people employed. As the figure illustrates, the labor force has exceeded employment consistently over time. In 2015, there was an increase in employment, with job growth at approximately 1.23%(Table 13). Figure 7. Broward Labor Force and Employment, ,050,000 1,000, , , , , ,000 Table 13. Broward Labor Force, Employment & Unemployment, Year Labor Force Employment Job Growth Unemployment # % # % , ,488 26, % 50, % , ,008 22, % 47, % , ,918 14, % 43, % , ,272 21, % 40, % , ,758 19, % 39, % , ,557 14, % 37, % , ,455 11, % 34, % , ,113 55, % 31, % , ,626 18, % 39, % , ,696 4, % 52, % , ,939 9, % 48, % , ,999 20, % 41, % , ,294 46, % 35, % , ,640 30, % 30, % ,000, ,482 11, % 35, % ,006, ,763-13, % 55, % , ,041-59, % 89, % , ,473-49, % 95, % , ,686 20, % 89, % , ,907 25, % 77, % , ,509 21, % 66, % , ,962 22, % 58, % , ,412 11, % 49, % Source: Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation, Bureau of Labor Market Information, 2015 Green = Improvement from previous year; Yellow = No significant change from previous year; Red = Lack of improvement from previous year Labor Force Employment Source: Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation, Bureau of Labor Market Information. BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 10

11 Broward County has experienced an improvement in unemployment annually since 2010 (Figure 8). Figure 8. Broward Unemployment Rate, Annual Averages, % 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 6.7% 5.8% 5.0% Source: Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation, Bureau of Labor Market Information. Broward s unemployment rate has been steadily declining since the beginning of the year, reaching its lowest rate in May (4.1%) (Figure 9). Figure 9. Broward Monthly Unemployment Rate(%), Seasonally Adjusted % 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% % 4.4% 4.4% 4.3% 4.1% Table 14 displays Broward employment by industry from 2013 to For all three years, the industry category with the greatest percentage of workers was Educational, Health and Social Services (20.4% in 2015). Table Broward Employment By Industry # % # % # % Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting & mining % 1, % 3, % Construction 50, % 58, % 61, % Manufacturing 44, % 40, % 44, % Wholesale Trade 31, % 37, % 31, % Retail Trade 120, % 127, % 129, % Transportation, Warehousing & Utilities 47, % 49, % 55, % Information 21, % 22, % 23, % Finance, Insurance, Real Estate (rental &leasing) 72, % 75, % 68, % Professional, scientific, management, administrative & waste 117, % 127, % 133, % management services Educational, health and social services 177, % 184, % 192, % Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation 97, % 100, % 109, % & food services Other services 50, % 55, % 51, % Public administration 39, % 35, % 37, % Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (DP03) 2013, 2014, Source: Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation, Bureau of Labor Market Information. BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 11

12 POVERTY 13.9 percent of all Broward residents and 20.2 percent of people under the age of 18 are living in poverty. Of families with children under the age of 18, 16.5 percent were reported at or below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). The percentage of people in Broward living below the poverty line from 2013 to 2015 is depicted in Table 15. Table 15. % Whose Income* is Below Poverty Level, All families 11.8% 11.3% 10.7% With related children under 18 years 15.7% 16.2% 16.5% With related children under 5 years only 18.1% 15.2% 16.4% Married couple families 6.7% 5.5% 5.6% With related children under 18 years 6.7% 6.4% 8.1% With related children under 5 years only 8.2% 4.1% 6.3% Families with female householder, no husband present 24.1% 25.5% 25.0% With related children under 18 years 30.5% 34.5% 33.6% With related children under 5 years only 33.6% 44.0% 41.8% All people 15.1% 14.4% 13.9% Under 18 years 18.9% 19.7% 20.2% Related children under 18 years 18.7% 19.4% 19.8% Related children under 5 years 23.2% 20.6% 23.5% Related children 5 to 17 years 17.0% 18.9% 18.5% 18 years and over 14.0% 12.9% 12.2% 18 to 64 years 14.0% 13.2% 12.4% 65 years and over 14.1% 11.9% 11.4% People in families 12.2% 12.0% 11.8% Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 26.6% 24.1% 22.3% Source: American Community Survey (DP03) 2013, 2014, 2015 *Income in the past 12 months The challenges poverty imposes on individuals and families are numerous. Of particular concern are individuals who avoid or delay seeking healthcare due to their impoverished status. PUBLIC ASSISTANCE Public assistance is an indicator related to the number of individuals living in poverty. In November 2013, the 2009 Recovery Act s temporary boost to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) ended, resulting in a significant decrease in food stamp issuance despite increases in the number of households receiving food stamps. By the 2015 fiscal year, issuance began to increase again. Table 16 displays the changes in SNAP issuance from the previous fiscal year. Table 16. SNAP Monthly Changes by Household Size # in HH FY 2014 Max Benefits FY 2015 Max Benefits Change 1 $189 $ 194 $5 2 $347 $ 357 $10 3 $497 $ 511 $14 4 $632 $ 649 $17 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, SNAP Fiscal Year 2014 Cost-of-Living Adjustments and ARRA Sunset Impact on Allotments,. Figure 10 shows a decrease in the Food Stamp issuance in Broward from May 2015 ($37,783,723) through May 2016 ($33,109,540). From January to May of 2016 the number of households receiving food stamps decreased from 171,566 to 145,896. BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 12

13 Figure 10. Food Stamp Issuance, May 2015-May 2016 $40,000,000 $39,320,633 $39,000,000 $37,783,723 $38,000,000 $37,000,000 $36,000,000 $35,000,000 $34,000,000 $33,000,000 $33,109,540 $32,000,000 Source: Broward and Florida Public Assistance Caseload Report Food Stamps, Florida DCF Figure 11. Broward of Food Stamp Households, 2012 to May , , ,000 Table 17 outlines the number of people in Broward and Florida receiving various forms of public assistance. Table 17. Broward County Public Assistance: Food Stamps, TANF & Medicaid, 2015-August 2016 Year Food Stamp Food Stamp TANF TANF Medicaid Households Clients Clients Families Clients Broward 2015 avg ,843 5,443 3, ,306 Jan , ,517 5,321 3, ,751 Feb , ,866 5,045 2, ,194 Mar , ,993 4,955 2, ,468 April , ,032 4,942 2, ,172 May , ,991 4,852 2, ,738 Florida 2015 avg. 2,049,068 3,709,386 82,894 48,535 3,359,805 Jan-16 2,058,050 3,700,373 82,164 48,445 3,428,292 Feb-16 1,991,294 3,607,422 79,654 47,359 3,449,811 Mar-16 1,962,419 3,560,026 78,724 47,643 3,444,795 April-16 1,760,403 3,313,247 76,140 46,590 3,435,447 May-16 1,741,016 3,283,265 75,063 46,282 3,442,951 Source: Broward & State of Florida Public Assistance Caseload Report, , , , , , ,000 Source: Broward & State of Florida Public Assistance Caseload Report Food Stamps, Florida Department of Children and Families; Prepared by: South Florida Regional Planning Council BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 13

14 Another form of public assistance is the Broward County School Board Lunch Program. In order to qualify for reduced lunch, a household must have an income that is 185% of the poverty line. The following criteria outlines those who qualify for free lunch: All children in households receiving benefits from Florida SNAP, TANF or the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations. Foster children under the legal responsibility of a foster care agency or the court. Children who meet the definition of homeless, runaway or migrant. Those who are at or below 130% of the poverty line. Table 18 outlines the number of students eligible for the free and/or reduced lunch program from 2012/13 to 2015/16. The table illustrates an increase in the number and percentage of students who are eligible for free lunch while there was a decrease in the number eligible for reduced lunch. This table also shows that there has been a slight decrease in the percent of students who qualify for either of the programs. Table 18. School Free/Reduced Lunch Eligibility Total Free Reduced School Eligible Eligible Enrollment School Year Free + Reduced Eligible # # % # % # % , , % 21, % 148, % , , % 20, % 157, % , , % 18, % 167, % , , % 16, % 167, % Source: Florida Department of Education Food and Nutrition Management, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Transportation is a key component to ensure community access to a variety of services, including healthcare. This need is further enhanced in difficult economic environments. Lack of transportation to healthcare facilities is frequently cited by patients as a barrier to accessing healthcare services. The community survey of community leaders in the health profession conducted by Broward Regional Health Planning Council in 2012, supported the need for transportation. When asked What are the top five barriers that hinder access to health care in your community, 83 percent of the community leaders indicated lack of geographic access/transportation as a least important. Twenty-three percent and 27 percent indicated it was strongly important and highly important, respectively. Table 19 highlights the average weekday ridership for Broward, Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties compared to their population size. Table 19. Public Transportation Ridership Comparison, March 2016 Population Size* Avg. Weekday Ridership Broward County Transit (BCT) Broward County 1.8 million 118,322 Miami-Dade Transit (MDT) Miami-Dade County 2.6 million 335,700 Palm Tran (Palm Beach County) 1.4 million 36,890 Source: *Source: American Community Survey, 2015 Avg ridership excludes paratransit BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 14

15 COST OF LIVING A cost-of-living index measures the changes over time in the amount that consumers need to spend in order to maintain a certain standard of living. The cost of living index released by the United States Census provides estimates based on a midmanagement standard of living. In 2010, the total cost of living in Fort Lauderdale (115.7) was greater than that of Miami (106.0) (Table 20). Table 20. Cost-of-Living Comparison, 2010 Category Fort Lauderdale Miami-Dade County Composite Index Grocery Items Housing Utilities Transportation Health Care Misc. Goods and Services NATIONAL AVERAGE = 100 Source: Table 21. Broward Monthly Gross Rent, 2014 vs Monthly Gross Rent # Units % # Units % < $200 1, $200-$299 2, , $300-$499 3, , $500-$749 16, , $750-$999 57, , $1,000-$1,499 96, , > $1,500 66, , NO CASH RENT 9,829 8,569 MEDIAN RENT $1,194 $1,256 Source American Community Survey (B25063) 2014, 2015 HOUSING Economic crises, including unemployment and foreclosures, increase the number of individuals and families at risk of becoming homeless. The growing foreclosure crisis among Florida homeowners has created a new group of homeless individuals and added to the demand for affordable rental housing. Table 21 depicts the gross rent reported for Broward in 2014 and The 2015 median rent in Broward was $1,256, with 39.9 percent of rental units falling between $1,000 and $1,499. There was a slight increase from 2014 s median rent which was $1,194. BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 15

16 Homelessness among Broward residents has been difficult to overcome due to insufficient affordable rentals, increases in the cost of living and an increase in foreclosures. According to the annual Point-in-Time Homeless Count (a 24-hour count of individuals and families who are considered homeless per HUD s definition), there were 2,302 homeless individuals in The Broward Coalition for the Homeless reports many homeless people arrive in winter and stay because the climate allows them to live outside without shelter, exposing them to a host of social, environmental and health-related dangers. Many undocumented immigrants and part-time workers come to Broward because of its attractive seasonal labor market from November to April but they cannot afford housing. The high price of housing in Broward County has led to a foreclosure rate above both state and national averages. The standard amount of monthly income that should be devoted to housing is 28 percent, however, many residents in Broward County find themselves paying more than 30% of their monthly income towards housing. Figure 12 displays a comparison between owner-occupied and renter-occupied income to housing cost ratio from 2013 to Figure 12. Broward County Residents Spending More than 30% of Income on Housing (Owner vs. Renter Occupied), % 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Owner-Occupied 2013 Owner-Occupied 2014 Owner-Occupied % 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Renter-Occupied 2013 Renter-Occupied 2014 Renter-Occupied 2015 Source American Community Survey (S2503) 2013, 2014, 2015 BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 16

17 Figure 13 illustrates foreclosure activities in Florida as of May 2016 and Table 22 compares the ratio of foreclosures in Broward, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach and Florida. As evidenced by both Figure 13 and Table 22, Broward County s foreclosure ratio is lower than Miami-Dade s but higher than Palm Beach and Florida s. Figure 13. Foreclosures Activity, May 2016 Table 22. Foreclosure County Comparison September 2015 May 2016 Broward 1 in in 694 Miami-Dade 1 in in 649 Palm Beach 1 in in 785 Florida 1 in in 734 Source: RealtyTrac.com Figure 14 compares Broward s foreclosure rate to state and national levels. Broward and Florida have an identical rate which is significantly higher than the national rate. Figure 14. Foreclosure Comparison, May 2016 Source RealtyTrac.com Source RealtyTrac.com BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 17

18 Between June 2015 and May 2016, Broward s foreclosures peaked in July 2015, which experienced more than 2,500 foreclosures; however, foreclosures were their lowest in December (Figure 15). Figure 15. Broward Foreclosures June 2015-May 2016 Table 23. Broward County Foreclosure Comparisons by Zip Code, May 2016 Region Zip Codes with Highest Foreclosure Rates Pompano (1 in 511) (1 in 546) (1 in 580) Fort Lauderdale (1 in 325) (1 in 406) (1 in 460) Hollywood (1 in 362) (1 in 370) (1 in 529) Region Zip Codes with Lowest Foreclosure Rates Pompano (1 in 1,694) (1 in 1,272) (1 in 1,174) Fort Lauderdale (1 in 2,193) (1 in 1,549) (1 in 1,420) Hollywood (1 in 2,536) (1 in 1,048) (1 in 1,032) Source: Realtytrac.com Red = Highest foreclosure rate Green = Lowest foreclosure rate Figure 16. Broward Foreclosures by Region, May in 724 homes Source RealtyTrac.com 1 in 638 homes Table 23 details the highest and lowest foreclosure areas by zip code within three regions in Broward County ( Figure 16). As evidenced in this table (in Fort Lauderdale) has the highest rate of foreclosures in Broward while (in Hollywood) has the lowest rate. 1 in 653 homes Source RealtyTrac.com BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 18

19 HEALTH INSURANCE Table 24 highlights the health insurance trends for the United States, Florida and Broward. At 14.5% in 2015, the Broward uninsured rates remain higher than the United States and Florida rates, indicating that Broward is disproportionately impacted by a lack of healthcare coverage. Despite being higher than both Florida and the United States, Broward s uninsured rate decreased overall from 2014 to Table 24. Civilian Non-Institutionalized Population Uninsured Rate, by Age Group, 2014 vs Broward Florida U.S Total Rate 18.0% 14.5% 16.6% 13.3% 11.7% 9.4% < % 7.1% 9.3% 6.9% 6.0% 4.8% % 19.7% 23.8% 19.4% 16.3% 13.1% % 3.7% 1.5% 1.4% 0.9% 0.8% Source: US Census Bureau, (S2701) 2014, 2015 American Community Survey Insufficient health insurance benefit packages impact the care of insured residents and demand for publicly funded services. There is no reliable State or local data measuring the actual number of underinsured individuals whose health insurance benefits are insufficient to cover catastrophic medical events, or who have capped benefits requiring large out-of-pocket payments. UNCOMPENSATED CARE Table 25 depicts the amount of uncompensated care provided by Broward hospitals in FY2015. The Agency for Healthcare Administration (AHCA) defines uncompensated care as charity care for which there is no compensation other than restricted or unrestricted revenues provided by local government or tax districts. This care is provided to patients whose family income is less than or equal to 200 percent of the poverty level. In 2015, the two hospitals with the most uncompensated care were Memorial Regional Hospital ($432,531,585) and Broward Health Medical Center ($267,666,872). Table 25. Uncompensated Care in Broward Hospitals, 2015 Hospital Name Charity / Other Bad Debt Total Atlantic Shores Hospital $ 228,639 $153,383 $382,022 Broward Health Coral Springs $18,192,033 $ 64,060,647 $ 82,252,680 Broward Health Imperial Point $9,203,580 $46,389,664 $55,593,244 Broward Health Medical Center $84,247,207 $183,419,665 $267,666,872 Broward Health North $42,418,885 $94,650,847 $137,069,732 Cleveland Clinic Hospital $3,890,600 $21,949,320 $25,839,920 Fort Lauderdale Hospital $645,487 $(1,030,158) $(384,671) Healthsouth Rehabilitation Hospital- Sunrise $234,940 $1,143,041 $1,377,981 Holy Cross Hospital $15,233,543 $41,024,849 $56,258,392 Kindred Hospital- Ft. Lauderdale $2,697,731 $903,773 $3,601,504 Kindred Hospital- Hollywood $2,145,656 $2,661,796 $4,807,452 Larkin Community Hospital Behavioral Health Services Memorial Hospital Miramar $13,785,204 $49,115,361 $62,900,565 Memorial Hospital Pembroke $40,138,949 $69,651,325 $109,790,274 Memorial Hospital West $57,238,580 $104,620,019 $161,858,599 Memorial Regional Hospital $191,995,790 $240,535,795 $432,531,585 Northwest Medical Center $34,623,786 $38,993,282 $73,617,068 Plantation General Hospital $61,830,215 $77,227,274 $139,057,489 South Florida State Hospital St. Anthony s Rehabilitation Hospital $149,497 $246,260 $395,757 University Hospital and Medical Center $32,770,755 $23,237,150 $56,007,905 Westside Regional Medical Center $29,566,796 $26,614,589 $56,181,385 Source: AHCA FHURS Data, FY2015 BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 19

20 CRIME Crime indirectly and directly impacts health through various pathways, including increasing stress and causing injury or even death. Table 26 compares the Broward County crime rate to the Florida crime rate from 2008 to Broward s index rate of crime per 100,000 for 2015 was 3,589, which was above Florida s 3,342. As depicted in the Table 26, Broward s overall crime rate has exceeded that of Florida s since Since more than five million tourists and non-residents spend time in Broward each year, population-based crime statistics may be misleading. Table 26. Index Crime Rates per 100,000 Residents, Broward Florida ,692 4, ,526 4, ,393 4, ,546 4, ,328 3, ,023 3, ,635 3, ,589 3,342 Source: Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Crime in Florida (annual) Prepared by the South Florida Regional Planning Council Green = Improvement from the previous year; Yellow = No significant change from the previous year; Red = Lack of improvement from the previous year Table 27 depicts the crime rate per 100,000 by municipality. During 2015, the highest crime rates were reported in Fort Lauderdale, Pembroke Park and Pompano Beach. The lowest crime rates were reported in Parkland, Weston, and Cooper City. Table 27. Broward Municipalities Crime Rate per 100,000, Broward Sheriff s Office 8, , , , ,283.9 Coconut Creek PD 3, , , , ,366.0 *Cooper City PD 2, , , ,329.3 Coral Springs PD 2, , , , ,180.5 *Dania PD 6, , , , ,353.2 Davie PD 4, , , , ,305.2 *Deerfield PD 3, , , , ,929.7 Fort Lauderdale PD 7, , , , ,216.8 Hallandale PD 6, , , , ,463.4 Hollywood PD 5, , , , ,041.4 Hillsboro Beach PD 2, , , , ,660.4 *Lauderdale-By-The-Sea PD 2, , , , ,410.8 *Lauderdale Lakes PD 6, , , , ,254.2 Lauderhill PD 5, , , , ,781.0 Lighthouse Point PD 3, , , , ,365.3 Margate PD 2, , , , ,077.0 Miramar PD 3, , , , ,457.3 *North Lauderdale PD 3, , , , ,011.7 *Oakland Park PD 6, , , , ,680.8 *Parkland PD 1, , , Pembroke Park PD 8, , , , ,676.7 *Pembroke Pines PD 3, , , , ,493.7 Plantation PD 4, , , , ,946.5 *Pompano Beach PD 6, , , , ,336.0 Sea Ranch Lakes PD 2, , , , ,641.8 Sunrise PD 4, , , , ,801.2 *Southwest Ranches PD 2, , , , ,057.1 *Tamarac PD 2, , , , ,438.0 West Park PD 5, , , , ,345.1 *Weston PD 1, , Wilton Manors PD 5, , , , ,761.5 Source: Annual County and Municipal Offense Data, PD= Police Department *= jurisdictions where Broward Sheriff s Office serves BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 20

21 Since 2009, there has been a steady decline in the number of youths arrested for delinquency. Figure 17 displays the number of unduplicated youth versus the total number of arrests for delinquency from 2009 to Figure 17. Broward Juvenile Delinquency Total Youth (unduplicated) and Arrests, 2010/ /15 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 - Source: Total Youth 6,204 5,546 4,336 3,090 2,785 Arrests 10,441 9,034 7,248 5,550 4,777 Table 28 depicts the youths referred for delinquency by gender and race/ethnicity. The table demonstrates that each of the groups experienced declines in delinquency every year since Table 28. Broward County Youth Referred for Delinquency by Gender & Race Gender Race/Ethnicity Year Male Female White Black/ African Other Hispanic American ,456 1,746 1,633 3, ,022 1,524 1,365 3, ,186 1, , , , , , Source: Broward County Delinquency, FY 2008/09 FY 2012/13, Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE During 2015, a total of 5,820 domestic violence cases were reported, a decrease from Table 29 depicts domestic violence statistics from 2009 to The number of offenses of criminal homicide and stalking increased during this period while the remainder of the offenses all decreased. In 2015, the offenses with the greatest number of occurrences were simple assault (4,529), and aggravated assault (1,047). BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 21

22 Table 29. Broward Domestic Violence Offenses, Criminal Homicide Manslaughter Forcible Rape Forcible Fondling Aggravated 1,413 1,210 1,301 1,254 1,161 1,114 1,047 Assault Aggravated Stalking Simple Assault 5,170 5,182 5,352 5,200 4,701 4,792 4,529 Threat/ Intimidation Stalking Total 7,037 6,812 7,051 6,823 6,226 6,213 5,820 Source: Domestic Violence Offenses by Jurisdiction, Florida Department of Law Enforcement *Beginning in 2013, Forcible Sodomy is reported as Forcible Rape in Florida s UCR Data/UCR-Domestic-Violence-Data.aspx INCARCERATED POPULATIONS The Florida Department of Corrections (FDOC) reports an average of 4,600 Broward residents is incarcerated daily in County facilities. This number includes: parole violators, state inmates, undocumented individuals, holding for other jurisdictions and individuals held under the Baker and Marchman Acts. According to Broward County Sheriff s Office over 63,000 detainees are processed annually through Broward County jails. BROWARD REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING COUNCIL CHAPTER I: BROWARD REGIONAL PROFILE 22

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