A Competitive Denmark:
|
|
- Kory Chandler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Voice of Foreign Companies A White Paper A Competitive Denmark: Short and long term solutions to the shortage of highly qualified labor January 29, 2008
2 Introduction In recent years, Denmark has been recognized globally as having built one of Europe s strongest business environments. Now the next phase of hard work begins. Denmark has a unique opportunity to set a course that will build on this success and continue to strengthen its competitiveness. Unfortunately, foreign companies are beginning to see this opportunity slip away as the competition intensifies for the limited supply of highly qualified labor. Indeed, the latest statistics show that inward foreign investment and related job creation are slowing: In 2006, total foreign investment in the capital region fell by 28% compared to 2004 and 52% compared to In 2006, fewer jobs were created through foreign investment compared to The number of Greenfield FDI projects has fallen steadily from 92 in 2004 to 65 in 2006, while comparable European nations have seen increases 3. In 2007 AmCham consulted foreign companies to identify key issues contributing to this decline. Survey results, provided by 90 top executives, strongly indicated that the primary reason foreign companies originally came to Denmark, i.e. the supply of highly skilled and educated labor, is now the main deterrent to their continued growth. To address these results and to present key findings to government decision makers and the international business community, AmCham Denmark held its first Foreign Investors Summit in August of The conclusion was unmistakable it is paramount that Denmark acts quickly and decisively to address the shortage of highly qualified labor. In autumn 2007, AmCham was encouraged by the government s plan to increase the supply of highly qualified foreign labor outlined in Denmark a good place to work. However, we find that some of the proposed initiatives require bolder changes to maximize their effectiveness. Furthermore, Denmark Top Executives From Foreign Companies Report: Three out of four have faced difficulties hiring employees in crucial strategic positions. 70% indicated that the difficulty filling positions has impacted their company. Nine out of ten anticipate labor issues affecting their company in the future. 50% highlighted the unattractive tax environment as being the largest barrier to hiring labor from outside Denmark. Two-thirds stated their companies would benefit from having greater access to labor from outside Denmark. Source: AmCham Labor Survey & Gallup Foreign Investor Survey Annual Report, Copenhagen Capacity. 2 Ibid. 3 World Investment Report 2007: Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development, p. 207 (October 2007).
3 The real difficulty lies not in developing new ideas but in escaping from old ones. John Maynard Keynes must devise a more comprehensive strategic plan to deliver long term solutions. Inaction may cause irreversible damage to Denmark s competitiveness and its attractiveness to foreign companies and their investments. It is crucial that actions taken today deliver results that ensure long term sustainability. Denmark must concentrate on the overall attractiveness of the business environment. Focusing on the education system and making personal tax more competitive will accomplish this. It will both secure a greater supply of highly skilled and educated foreign labor while also increasing the domestic supply of human capital. But foreign companies cannot wait forever. A global survey by McKinsey Quarterly, conducted in November 2007 among some 1300 business leaders, revealed that 50% of the respondents expected intensifying competition for talent - and the increasingly global nature of that competition - to have a major effect on their companies over the next five years 4. No other global trend was considered nearly as significant. This result sends a clear signal that something must be done to address the shortage of highly qualified labor. Modifications to programs currently in place will improve companies ability to attract talent, provide immediate relief to the shortage of labor, and sustain Denmark s competitiveness in the short-term. As the voice of foreign companies in Denmark, AmCham has a vested interest in finding solutions to the shortage of highly qualified labor. Therefore, we are pleased to present our white paper Keeping Denmark Competitive: Short and long term solutions to the shortage of highly qualified labor with focused recommendations to protect Denmark s competitiveness in the global economy. We seek open dialogue and debate regarding our recommendations with decision makers from both the public and private sector. Recommendations on Labor Short-Term Recommendations Increase the scope and usability of the Job Card/Positive List: 1. Ensure the Positive List reflects the skills/ educations in demand. 2. Lower the minimum annual salary requirement. Make the expatriate taxation program (KSL 48E) attractive and easy to use: Long -Term Recommendations Incentivize more students to complete higher education programs and encourage their timely entry into the workforce. Commit to a plan to make Denmark s tax system globally competitive and attractive to highly skilled and educated labor. 1. Extend the program from 3 to 5 years. 2. Lower the minimum monthly salary requirement. 3. Ease the restrictions on travel. 4 The organizational challenges of global trends: A McKinsey Global Survey, mckinseyquarterly.com, (December 2007).
4 Short Term Recommendations Increase the scope and usability of the Job Card/Positive List Efficiency and accessibility of Danish work visas should be a key goal of the Ministry of Employment and the Ministry of Immigration. The Job Card/Positive List should be focused on making it easier for foreign companies to attract the best and brightest minds from around the world without delay. Although the total number of work visas increased in 2007 to just over , the majority of these were issued to supply much needed low skilled labor. Only 1,899 of these work visas were issued to highly qualified labor via the Job Card/Positive List 5. This number must be increased dramatically to meet current needs. Strategically vital positions must be added to the Positive List quickly. Survey results from 2007 show top executives indicating sales & marketing and executive management as the two most strategically vital skills necessary for growth 6. Unfortunately, they are also the most challenging to find on the labor market. It comes as a shock that neither of these positions is currently on the Positive List (see figure 1). To increase the scope and usability of the Job Card/ Positive List, AmCham urges the following two actions be taken: 1. Ensure the Positive List reflects the skills and educations demanded in the marketplace by working closely with private sector human resource departments. 2. Lower the minimum annual salary requirement to DKK 250,000 for Positive List jobs that meet Danish employment criteria with a minimum of 30 working hours per week. This level of salary is in line with the Autumn 2007 recommendation given by the Danish Economic Council and will ensure that companies are not forced to offer above market rates in order to utilize the Job Card/Positive List to hire much needed highly skilled and educated foreign labor 7. Figure 1: Positive List Does Not Reflect Demand Which skills are the most strategically vital to the future growth of your company? Sales and Marketing Managerial skills Technical/Engineering skills Finance/Accounting Laboratory science Software programing Unskilled Other Do not know % responding Not included on Positive List Source: Gallup Foreign Investor Survey Resident Permits for Business and Education, seneste_tal_udlaendingeomraadet_da.xls# Erhverv_studie(ES)!A1, Danish Immigration Service, (November 2007). 6 Gallup Foreign Investors Survey 2007 (August 2007). 7 The Danish Economy: Autumn 2007 (summary), The Economic Council, p. 15 (November 12, 2007).
5 If the economic boom is to continue, we need to attract foreign labor. Therefore the Job Card Program needs to change. The Economic Council, The Danish Economy: Autumn 2007 Make the expatriate taxation program (KSL 48E) attractive and easy to use In the short term it is important to attract talent from abroad to alleviate the shortage of highly skilled and educated labor. Denmark s expatriate tax program is a means to achieve this. However, currently only 2183 foreign experts and key employees are using the expatriate tax program 8. It is imperative that these numbers be increased quickly by implementing a revised, well functioning scheme that is free from complications and red tape. To make the expatriate taxation program attractive and easy to use, AmCham urges the following three actions be taken: 1. Extend the program from 3 to 5 years with the following taxation schedule - the first 3 years at 25% with the option to choose to stay an additional 2 years at 33%. The gradual taxation will help to ease foreign experts and key employees into the Danish society with a view to long-term residency. Users of the program should be able to choose the additional 2 years at any point during the first 3 years. 2. Lower the minimum monthly salary requirement of DKK 60,100. Currently companies are forced to offer above market rates in order to utilize the program to hire much needed foreign experts and key employees (see figure 2). In addition, the highly skilled and educated labor in demand may not necessarily be highly paid but are sensitive to taxes nonetheless. 3. Ease the restrictions on travel outside of Denmark from the current allowance. Today, not less than two thirds of the work must be carried out in Denmark. This limits program users who are required to travel extensively to carry out their work. As long as the travel is benefiting the company or subsidiary located in Denmark, any restrictions on travel undermine the employee s ability to do the work he/ she was hired to do. Figure 2: Expatriate Taxation Program Forces Inflated Salaries DKK (1.000) Portion of salary over median market rate Median monthly salary Sales & Marketing Head HR Manager Head of Sales IT Manager Finance Manager Sales Manager Manager Account Manager Head of Marketing Competence/Key Employee Production Manager Sales Consultant Sales Leader 8 Tax Program for Researches and Key Employees, (September 2007).
6 Long Term Recommendations Incentivize more students to complete higher education programs and encourage their timely entry into the workforce To secure growth, increase foreign investment and remain competitive in the global economy, Denmark must maintain an adequate supply of highly educated labor. Companies bear the consequences of education policies they can only compete if they can rely on a pool of talents. Currently, only about 26% of 15-year It is essential that the government strengthen cooperation with the universities to find solutions. More students must be incentivized to complete higher education programs and encouraged to enter into the workforce in a timely manner. The government has set an ambitious target for educational attainment, olds aspire to complete a bachelor degree or higher, lagging far behind The critical areas education policy should address: namely that by % of students should complete an education beyond other OECD countries 9. The shortage of students that are aspiring basic schooling, and that Correspondingly, only about 26% of the workforce has completed to complete an advanced degree, as well as the low number obtaining them 50% should obtain further education. It is imperative that the focus be placed a professional bachelor The long time horizon for completion on incentivizing students degree or higher education 10. If this of advanced degrees to aspire to obtain a higher degree and not on making figure does not increase, The insufficient number of students it easier for them to get Denmark will be unable to compete more effectively against larger economies for foreign investment. focusing on the critical areas of technology, engineering and life sciences one. This will bring the government s goal within reach without jeopardizing the quality of higher education programs. Figure 3: Population with a University Degree Divided by Age Group year olds year olds CAN CAN USA JPN 3 (5) DNK KOR SWE SWE JPN BEL FIN IRE AUS NOR NOR USA NLD ESP CHE FRA UK FIN DEU AUS NZL DNK 13 (13) BEL UK ISL NLD OECD ISL IRE OECD ESP CHE GRC NZL FRA GRC KOR AUT TUR TUR POL DEU HUN AUT Source: OECD (2006), Education at a glance. % of population 9 Education at a Glance 2007, OECD 2007, Table A4.3a, p Ibid, Table A1.1a, p. 36.
7 Denmark has lost the equivalent of 30,000 highly educated workers due to the record high Danish income tax. Confederation of Danish Industries (January 2008) Commit to a plan to make Denmark s tax system globally competitive and attractive to highly skilled and educated labor Globalization is forcing nations to play a greater role in enhancing their global attractiveness. Incentive policies designed to attract foreign investment, skilled labor and research experts, as well as rewarding higher education degree completion, are crucial to strengthening competitive advantage. In this regard, Denmark s high tax rate has contributed Looking inward, Denmark s tax policy hinders the incentive to work, acquire skills and complete a higher education. Due to the early entry into the top tax bracket with its high tax rate, the incentive to complete a higher degree is significantly diminished 11. The difference between the earnings of workers with a lower secondary education compared to a higher university degree to the reduction in the supply of highly skilled and educated human capital. In The critical areas competitive tax policy should address: is marginal on an after tax basis 12. To ensure the supply of a Confederation of Danish The high marginal rate of the top needed human capital in Industries publication Global Benchmark Report tax bracket the long term, Denmark must set down a plan with 2007 from April 2007, The high value added tax on healthy clear steps to reduce the Denmark ranked 22nd when compared against OECD countries as an attractive food staples i.e. milk, eggs, fruit & vegetables marginal tax rate, value added tax and other taxes on goods and services. The destination for foreign highly Tax credit incentives for higher Danish Economic council skilled labor (see figure 4). At a time when companies are having difficulties education completion pointed to the benefits of the government s medium term solution of middle-bracket tax filling essential positions and the war for talent has gone global, Denmark does not offer a competitive environment. cuts, which are predicted to increase the work force by But in the long term, bolder steps must be taken if Denmark is to maintain global competitiveness. Figure 4. Business environment attractiveness for foreign high-skilled workers, Note: High values indicate that the country s business environment is attractive to foreign high-skilled workers Source: IMD survey Index 0-10 United States Switzerland Ireland United Kingdom Australia Canada Austria Netherlands New Zealand Belgium Spain Iceland Czech Republic Hungary South Korea Japan Norway France Mexico Portugal Germany 22 (22) Denmark Slovak Republic Turkey Finland Poland Sweden Greece 11 OECD: Lack of Will to Reform Cuts Growth, Børsen, p. 16 (February 14, 2007). 12 Investment in Human Capital Through Post-Compulsory Education and Training: Selected Efficiency and Equity Aspects, OECD, p (July 12, 2002). 13 Had the tax cuts instead been given as reductions in the top-bracket tax rate, the effects on labor supply would by all means had been larger, Danish Economy: Autumn 2007, The Economic Council, p. 311.
8 Conclusion It is apparent that the current shortage of highly qualified labor has reached a level that requires bold and quick action. Alarmingly, the shortage of labor is taking place across the entire skill base. In the last 9 months, over 60,000 positions have remained unfilled, and in the last 24 months, companies have lost orders worth DKK 32 billion due to a shortage of human capital 14. If this shortage continues, the International Monetary Fund predicts Denmark to have one of the lowest GPD growth rates in the E.U. by the end of AmCham Denmark, representing a large and important group of foreign companies, hopes the recommendations given in this white paper improve the dialogue and debate on the current shortage of highly qualified labor. Additionally, AmCham urges decision makers to take action quickly. Foreign companies are sending strong signals that their businesses will be increasingly affected if the labor shortage persists. This should be great cause for concern. In 2006 Denmark received over DKK 25 billion in Foreign Direct Investment 16. Furthermore, foreign owned companies contribute DKK 110 billion a year in corporate and employee income tax 17. Foreign companies have a strong interest in succeeding in Denmark and providing Denmark with the benefits of growth. What they need is the human capital to make it happen. The recommendations outlined in this white paper are a step in the right direction. 14 Companies: Get Us More People, Børsen, Tuesday, November 13, WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 2007, International Monetary Fund, p. 70 (October 2007). 16 Quarterly flow statistics on direct investments, 3rd quarter 2007, Danish National Bank, (November 14, 2007). 17 Halving of Foreign Investment in the Capital, Berlingske, Tuesday, May 29, About AmCham Denmark The American Chamber of Commerce in Denmark (AmCham Denmark) is a non-profit, non-governmental, business association representing more than 280 companies actively investing in Denmark. AmCham Denmark is committed to building a competitive, sustainable foreign investment environment in Denmark, and to doing its part to minimize barriers to trans-atlantic trade. Christians Brygge 26 DK Copenhagen V Tlf (+45) Fax (+45) mail@amcham.dk
OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF LITHUANIA 2018 Promoting inclusive growth
OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF LITHUANIA 218 Promoting inclusive growth Vilnius, 5 July 218 http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-lithuania.htm @OECDeconomy @OECD 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211
More informationDANMARKS NATIONALBANK
DANMARKS NATIONALBANK TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE DANISH LABOUR MARKET Niels Lynggård Hansen, Head of Economics and Monetary Policy May 22, 218 Outline 1) Past trends 2) The Danish labour-market model
More informationSupplementary figures
Supplementary figures Source: OECD (211d, p. 8). Figure S3.1 Business enterprise expenditure on R&D, 1999 and 29 (as a percentage of GDP) ISR FIN SWE KOR (1999, 28) JPN CHE (2, 28) USA (1999, 28) DNK AUT
More informationThe State of Foreign Companies in Denmark
The State of Foreign Companies in Denmark Consolidated Survey Results the voice of foreign companies October 23, 2008 1 2 Executive Summary This document contains the key findings from two independent
More informationGlobalisation and flexicurity
Globalisation and flexicurity Torben M Andersen Department of Economics Aarhus University November 216 Globalization Is it Incompatible with High employment Decent wages (no working poor) Low inequality
More informationOff to a Good Start? Youth Labour Market Transitions in OECD Countries
ISBN 978-92-64-4632- Employment Outlook 28 Chapter 1 Off to a Good Start? Youth Labour Market Transitions in Countries The chapter first provides an overview of youth labour market performance over the
More informationWhich policies for improved access to employment? Main findings of the OECD project JOBS for YOUTH
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Transition to adulthood: How does it affect demographic trends? Seminar with the Expert Group on Demographics Issues, 25 November 2009, Brussels,
More informationLabor Market Laws and Intra-European Migration
European Journal of Population manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Labor Market Laws and Intra-European Migration The Role of the State in Shaping Destination Choices ONLINE APPENDIX Table
More informationWidening of Inequality in Japan: Its Implications
Widening of Inequality in Japan: Its Implications Jun Saito, Senior Research Fellow Japan Center for Economic Research December 11, 2017 Is inequality widening in Japan? Since the publication of Thomas
More informationHIGHLIGHTS. There is a clear trend in the OECD area towards. which is reflected in the economic and innovative performance of certain OECD countries.
HIGHLIGHTS The ability to create, distribute and exploit knowledge is increasingly central to competitive advantage, wealth creation and better standards of living. The STI Scoreboard 2001 presents the
More informationIs This Time Different? The Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence
Is This Time Different? The Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Jason Furman Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Washington,
More informationHow does education affect the economy?
2. THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF EDUCATION How does education affect the economy? More than half of the GDP growth in OECD countries over the past decade is related to labour income growth among
More informationOECD Health Data 2009 comparing health statistics across OECD countries
OECD Centres Germany Berlin (49-3) 288 8353 Japan Tokyo (81-3) 5532-21 Mexico Mexico (52-55) 5281 381 United States Washington (1-22) 785 6323 AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK FINLAND
More informationISSUE BRIEF: U.S. Immigration Priorities in a Global Context
Immigration Task Force ISSUE BRIEF: U.S. Immigration Priorities in a Global Context JUNE 2013 As a share of total immigrants in 2011, the United States led a 24-nation sample in familybased immigration
More informationBig Government, Small Government and Corruption: an European Perspective. Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Hertie School of Governance
Big Government, Small Government and Corruption: an European Perspective Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Hertie School of Governance www.againstcorruption.eu Outline of this talk What is corruption in Europe? Big
More informationHealth Workforce and Migration : an OECD perspective
Health Workforce and Migration : an OECD perspective Jean-Christophe Dumont Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs International Migration Division OECD, Paris Sixth coordination meeting
More informationAid spending by Development Assistance Committee donors in 2015
Aid spending by Development Assistance Committee donors in 2015 Overview of key trends in official development assistance emerging from the provisional 2015 Development Assistance Committee data release
More informationUNDER EMBARGO UNTIL 9 APRIL 2018, 15:00 HOURS PARIS TIME
TABLE 1: NET OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FROM DAC AND OTHER COUNTRIES IN 2017 DAC countries: 2017 2016 2017 ODA ODA/GNI ODA ODA/GNI ODA Percent change USD million % USD million % USD million (1) 2016
More informationUK Productivity Gap: Skills, management and innovation
UK Productivity Gap: Skills, management and innovation March 2005 Professor John Van Reenen Director, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE 1 1. Overview The Productivity Gap (output per hour) What is it
More informationEU Innovation strategy
EU Innovation strategy In principle fine, in particular recognising EU s limited powers Much is left to Member States, but they disappointed in Finland Good points: Links between research and markets Education
More informationUpgrading workers skills and competencies: policy strategies
Federation of Greek Industries Greek General Confederation of Labour CONFERENCE LIFELONG DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCES AND QUALIFICATIONS OF THE WORKFORCE; ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Athens 23-24 24 May 2003
More informationWorking Party on Territorial Indicators
For Official Use GOV/TDPC/TI(2008)3/PART2/REV2 GOV/TDPC/TI(2008)3/PART2/REV2 For Official Use Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
More informationThe economic outlook for Europe and Central Asia, including the impact of China
ECA Economic Update April 216 The economic outlook for and, including the impact of China Hans Timmer Chief Economist and Region April 7, 216 Kiev, Ukraine 1 Overview Low growth is expected in and (ECA),
More informationRussian Federation. OECD average. Portugal. United States. Estonia. New Zealand. Slovak Republic. Latvia. Poland
INDICATOR TRANSITION FROM EDUCATION TO WORK: WHERE ARE TODAY S YOUTH? On average across OECD countries, 6 of -19 year-olds are neither employed nor in education or training (NEET), and this percentage
More informationTaiwan s Development Strategy for the Next Phase. Dr. San, Gee Vice Chairman Taiwan External Trade Development Council Taiwan
Taiwan s Development Strategy for the Next Phase Dr. San, Gee Vice Chairman Taiwan External Trade Development Council Taiwan 2013.10.12 1 Outline 1. Some of Taiwan s achievements 2. Taiwan s economic challenges
More informationASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, 2005
ASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, 2005 OVERVIEW OF ASYLUM APPLICATIONS LODGED IN EUROPE AND NON-EUROPEAN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES IN 2005 Click here to download the tables in zipped
More informationWORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS
WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS Munich, November 2018 Copyright Allianz 11/19/2018 1 MORE DYNAMIC POST FINANCIAL CRISIS Changes in the global wealth middle classes in millions 1,250
More informationAsylum Levels and Trends: Europe and non-european Industrialized Countries, 2003
Asylum Levels and Trends: Europe and non-european Industrialized Countries, 2003 A comparative overview of asylum applications submitted in 44 European and 6 non-european countries in 2003 and before 24
More informationGENDER AND RACE IN THE LABOR MARKET
GENDER AND RACE IN THE LABOR MARKET GENDER AND RACE IN THE LABOR MARKET Sponsored by a Grant TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0041 Course Material Developed by Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences,
More informationSize and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline
January 31, 2013 ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.doc Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline by Friedrich Schneider *) In the Tables
More informationInternational investment resumes retreat
FDI IN FIGURES October 213 International investment resumes retreat 213 FDI flows fall back to crisis levels Preliminary data for 213 show that global FDI activity declined by 28% (to USD 256 billion)
More informationFLOWS OF STUDENTS, COMPUTER WORKERS, & ENTREPRENEURS
FLOWS OF STUDENTS, COMPUTER WORKERS, & ENTREPRENEURS September 23, 2014 B. Lindsay Lowell Director of Policy Studies Institute for the Study of International Migration Georgetown University lowellbl@georgetown.
More informationSpot on! Identifying and tracking skill needs
Spot on! Identifying and tracking skill needs Fabio Manca Labour Market Economist, Employment, Labour, and Social Affairs Directorate, Skills and Employability Division, OECD What do we mean by Skill mismatch?
More informationCivil and Political Rights
DESIRED OUTCOMES All people enjoy civil and political rights. Mechanisms to regulate and arbitrate people s rights in respect of each other are trustworthy. Civil and Political Rights INTRODUCTION The
More informationMaking Global Labour Mobility a Catalyst for Development: The contribution of Private Employment Agencies
Making Global Labour Mobility a Catalyst for Development: The contribution of Private Employment Agencies IOM 9th October 2007 Tristan d Avezac de Moran - Ciett Board Member Ciett at a glance Founded in
More informationISBN International Migration Outlook Sopemi 2007 Edition OECD Introduction
ISBN 978-92-64-03285-9 International Migration Outlook Sopemi 2007 Edition OECD 2007 Introduction 21 2007 Edition of International Migration Outlook shows an increase in migration flows to the OECD International
More informationSeptember Press Release /SM/9256 SC/8059 Role of business in armed conflict can be crucial for good or ill
AI Index: POL 34/006/2004 Public Document Mr. Dzidek Kedzia Chief Research and Right to Development Branch AI Ref: UN 411/2004 29.09.2004 Submission by Amnesty International under Decision 2004/116 on
More informationAppendix The Nordic Growth Entrepreneurship Review 2012
NORDIC INNOVATION REPORT 2012:25 // DECEMBER 2012 Appendix The Nordic Growth Entrepreneurship Review 2012 Final report The Nordic Growth Entrepreneurship Review 2012 Final report Authors: Glenda Napier
More informationASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, 2006
ASYLUM LEVELS AND TRENDS IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, 2006 OVERVIEW OF ASYLUM APPLICATIONS LODGED IN EUROPEAN AND NON-EUROPEAN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES IN 2006 23 MARCH 2007 FIELD INFORMATION AND COORDINATION
More informationInventory of OECD Integrity and Anti-Corruption Related Data
Inventory of OECD Integrity and Anti-Corruption Related Data This document was drafted as part of the CleanGovBiz Initiative that brings together all OECD policy communities working on integrity and anti-corruption.
More informationIntellectual Assets in Japan View from the OECD
Intellectual Assets in Japan View from the OECD 28-30 November 2005 Intellectual Assets Week of Japan RIETI conference Nobuo TANAKA Director for Science, Technology and Industry OECD 1 1 I. Why does the
More informationEmerging Asian economies lead Global Pay Gap rankings
For immediate release Emerging Asian economies lead Global Pay Gap rankings China, Thailand and Vietnam top global rankings for pay difference between managers and clerical staff Singapore, 7 May 2008
More informationDEGREE PLUS DO WE NEED MIGRATION?
DEGREE PLUS DO WE NEED MIGRATION? ROBERT SUBAN ROBERT SUBAN Department of Banking & Finance University of Malta Lecture Outline What is migration? Different forms of migration? How do we measure migration?
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2016
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2016 In August 2016, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 590.6 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2015
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2015 In August 2015, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 512.0 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MAY 2017
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MAY 2017 In May 2017, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 653.3 thousand (Annex, Table 1) or
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN FEBRUARY 2017
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN FEBRUARY 2017 In February 2017, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 366.8 thousand (Annex,
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MARCH 2016
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MARCH 2016 In March 2016, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 354.7 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationA GAtewAy to A Bet ter Life Education aspirations around the World September 2013
A Gateway to a Better Life Education Aspirations Around the World September 2013 Education Is an Investment in the Future RESOLUTE AGREEMENT AROUND THE WORLD ON THE VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION HALF OF ALL
More informationPlease, send back this application form, duly filled out and signed on each page, by post, fax or to:
WUSME MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM (AFFILIATE MEMBER ORGANIZATION) 2017 Please, send back this application form, duly filled out and signed on each page, by post, fax or e-mail to: World Union of Small
More informationHow many students study abroad and where do they go?
1. EDUCATION LEVELS AND STUDENT NUMBERS How many students study abroad and where do they go? More than 4.1 million tertiary-level students were enrolled outside their country of citizenship in 2010. Australia,
More informationVisa issues. On abolition of the visa regime
Visa issues On abolition of the visa regime In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 838 dated 23 December 2016 About the introduction of amendments and additions to
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN SEPTEMBER 2015
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN SEPTEMBER 2015 In September 2015, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 450.9 thousand (Annex,
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN DECEMBER 2016
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN DECEMBER 2016 In December 2016, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 397.3 thousand (Annex,
More informationMeeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level
Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level Paris, 6-7 May 2014 2014 OECD MINISTERIAL STATEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 OECD Ministerial Statement on Climate Change Climate change is a major urgent
More informationMAIN TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
Part 1 MAIN TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION The part concerning the main trends in international migration is presented in four sections. The first (I.A) looks at changes in migration movements and in
More informationCuring Europe s Growing Pains: Which Reforms?
Curing Europe s Growing Pains: Which Reforms? Luc Everaert Assistant Director European Department International Monetary Fund Brussels, 21 November Copyright rests with the author. All rights reserved.
More informationOECD expert meeting hosted by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research Oslo, Norway 2-3 June 2008 ICTs and Gender Pierre Montagnier
OECD expert meeting hosted by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research Oslo, Norway 2-3 June 28 ICTs and Gender Pierre Montagnier 1 Conceptual framework Focus of this presentation ECONOMY CONSUMPTION
More informationThe High Cost of Low Educational Performance. Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Woessmann
The High Cost of Low Educational Performance Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Woessmann Key Questions Does it matter what students know? How well is the United States doing? What can be done to change things? Answers
More informationMINISTERIAL DECLARATION
1 MINISTERIAL DECLARATION The fight against foreign bribery towards a new era of enforcement Preamble Paris, 16 March 2016 We, the Ministers and Representatives of the Parties to the Convention on Combating
More informationReform agenda for 2017: Overview and country notes
Economic Policy Reforms 2017 Going for Growth @ OECD 2017 Chapter 3 Reform agenda for 2017: Overview and country notes This chapter presents the country-specific policy priorities and underlying recommendations
More informationEducation and Wage Inequality in Europe. Fifth EU Framework Programme for Research. Centre des Conferences Brussels. Final Meeting 22 nd Sept 2005.
Education and Wage Inequality in Europe. Fifth EU Framework Programme for Research. Centre des Conferences Brussels Final Meeting 22 nd Sept 2005. Prof Peter Dolton LSE Education and Wage Inequality in
More informationEducation Quality and Economic Development
Education Quality and Economic Development Eric A. Hanushek Stanford University Bank of Israel Jerusalem, June 2017 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Development = Growth Growth = Skills Conclusions
More informationCOUNTING IMMIGRANTS AND EXPATRIATES IN OECD COUNTRIES: A NEW PERSPECTIVE*
UN/POP/MIG-FCM/2005/12 21 October 2005 FOURTH COORDINATION MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat New York, 26-27 October
More informationCourse: Economic Policy with an Emphasis on Tax Policy
Course: Economic Policy with an Emphasis on Tax Policy Instructors: Vassilis T. Rapanos email address: vrapanos@econ.uoa.gr Georgia Kaplanoglou email address: gkaplanog@econ.uoa.gr Course website: http://eclass.uoa.gr/courses/econ208/
More informationEDUCATION OUTCOMES EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT TERTIARY ATTAINMENT
EDUCATION OUTCOMES INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT TERTIARY ATTAINMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION EXPENDITURE ON TERTIARY EDUCATION PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EDUCATION EXPENDITURE EDUCATION OUTCOMES INTERNATIONAL
More informationNew Approaches to Measuring the Impacts of STI Policy
New Approaches to Measuring the Impacts of STI Policy Elias Einiö, VATT Making Better Use of Statistics and Indicators of STI Working Seminar (OM & TEM) Finlandia Hall, 17 Sep 2013 Outline 1. Innovations
More informationSettling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration
Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Notes on Cyprus 1. Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to
More informationThe Israeli Economy: Current Trends, Strength and Challenges
The Israeli Economy: Current Trends, Strength and Challenges Dr. Karnit Flug Governor of the Bank of Israel 30.06.2017 1 GDP per capita Growth Rates 8 GDP per capita annual % change (2000-2018F) 6 4 2
More informationApril aid spending by Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors in factsheet
April 2017 aid spending by Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors in 2016 factsheet In this factsheet we provide an overview of key trends in official development assistance (ODA) emerging from
More informationThe Mystery of Economic Growth by Elhanan Helpman. Chiara Criscuolo Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics
The Mystery of Economic Growth by Elhanan Helpman Chiara Criscuolo Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics The facts Burundi, 2006 Sweden, 2006 According to Maddison, in the year 1000
More informationAbout the Research. Countries Include:
About the Research To shed light on how organizations are using foreign talent to help ease talent shortages in their workforce, ManpowerGroup conducted research among nearly 25,000 employers across 39
More informationSKILLS, MOBILITY, AND GROWTH
SKILLS, MOBILITY, AND GROWTH Eric Hanushek Ludger Woessmann Ninth Biennial Federal Reserve System Community Development Research Conference April 2-3, 2015 Washington, DC Commitment to Achievement Growth
More informationTrends in International Migration
«INTERNATIONAL Trends in International Migration MIGRATION SOPEMI 2001 OECD, 2001. Software: 1987-1996, Acrobat is a trademark of ADOBE. All rights reserved. OECD grants you the right to use one copy of
More informationQGIS.org - Donations and Sponsorship Analysis 2016
QGIS.org - Donations and Sponsorship Analysis 2016 QGIS.ORG received 1128 donations and 47 sponsorships. This equals to >3 donations every day and almost one new or renewed sponsorship every week. The
More informationCommission on Growth and Development Cognitive Skills and Economic Development
Commission on Growth and Development Cognitive Skills and Economic Development Eric A. Hanushek Stanford University in conjunction with Ludger Wößmann University of Munich and Ifo Institute Overview 1.
More informationMonthly Inbound Update June th August 2017
Monthly Inbound Update June 217 17 th August 217 1 Contents 1. About this data 2. Headlines 3. Journey Purpose: June, last 3 months, year to date and rolling twelve months by journey purpose 4. Global
More informationFIGHTING THE CRIME OF FOREIGN BRIBERY. The Anti-Bribery Convention and the OECD Working Group on Bribery
FIGHTING THE CRIME OF FOREIGN BRIBERY The Anti-Bribery Convention and the OECD Working Group on Bribery l PARTIES TO THE ANTI-BRIBERY CONVENTION Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada
More informationMigration and Integration
Migration and Integration Integration in Education Education for Integration Istanbul - 13 October 2017 Francesca Borgonovi Senior Analyst - Migration and Gender Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
More information2.2. From social efficiency to social welfare - Equity issues (Stiglitz ch.5, Gruber ch.2)
2.2. From social efficiency to social welfare - Equity issues (Stiglitz ch.5, Gruber ch.2) We have discussed how to achieve social efficiency (Pareto efficiency): according to the first theorem of welfare
More informationUNDER EMBARGO UNTIL 10 APRIL 2019, 15:00 HOURS PARIS TIME. Development aid drops in 2018, especially to neediest countries
Development aid drops in 2018, especially to neediest countries OECD Paris, 10 April 2019 OECD adopts new methodology for counting loans in official aid data In 2014, members of the OECD s Development
More informationBahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking. December 2018
Bahrain Telecom Pricing International Benchmarking December 2018 1 CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT Report overview 3 PSTN basket results for GCC countries, including time series 4 Mobile basket results for GCC
More informationOECD/EU INDICATORS OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION: Findings and reflections
OECD/EU INDICATORS OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION: Findings and reflections Meiji University, Tokyo 26 May 2016 Thomas Liebig International Migration Division Overview on the integration indicators Joint work
More informationSocial capital and social cohesion in a perspective of social progress: the case of active citizenship
Busan, Korea 27-30 October 2009 3 rd OECD World Forum 1 Social capital and social cohesion in a perspective of social progress: the case of active citizenship Anders Hingels *, Andrea Saltelli **, Anna
More informationEquity and Excellence in Education from International Perspectives
Equity and Excellence in Education from International Perspectives HGSE Special Topic Seminar Pasi Sahlberg Spring 2015 @pasi_sahlberg Evolution of Equity in Education 1960s: The Coleman Report 1970s:
More informationOECD Strategic Education Governance A perspective for Scotland. Claire Shewbridge 25 October 2017 Edinburgh
OECD Strategic Education Governance A perspective for Scotland Claire Shewbridge 25 October 2017 Edinburgh CERI overview What CERI does Generate forward-looking research analyses and syntheses Identify
More informationChild and Family Poverty
Child and Family Poverty Report, November 2009 Highlights In 2007, there were 35,000 (16.7%) children under age 18 living beneath the poverty line (before-tax Low Income Cut-off) in. has the third highest
More informationXII BGK Conference. Discussion Panel : Strategic Directions for Regional Development. Emilia Skrok Jan Gąska
XII BGK Conference 1 Discussion Panel : Strategic Directions for Regional Development Emilia Skrok Jan Gąska 2 Problem recognition and and objectives of regional development policy Regional development
More informationInclusive global growth: a framework to think about the post-2015 agenda
Inclusive global growth: a framework to think about the post-215 agenda François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics Angus Maddison Lecture, Oecd, Paris, April 213 1 Outline 1) Inclusion and exclusion
More informationICT Strategic Study Part 1 Sectoral Outline May 2015
ICT Strategic Study Part 1 Sectoral Outline May 215 Summary SUMMARY SYNTHESIS... 6 CHAPTER 1 - ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE... 8 1. THE GLOBAL MARKET...8 2. THE MARKET PER REGION...9 3. THE MARKET IN EUROPE...9
More informationNERO INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES (NORDIC COUNTRIES) Emily Farchy, ELS/IMD
NERO INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES (NORDIC COUNTRIES) Emily Farchy, ELS/IMD Sweden Netherlands Denmark United Kingdom Belgium France Austria Ireland Canada Norway Germany Spain Switzerland Portugal Luxembourg
More informationINTERNATIONAL KEY FINDINGS
17 5 45 INTERNATIONAL KEY FINDINGS 8 4 WWW.MIPEX.EU Key findings 00 nearly 20 million residents (or 4) are noneu citizens The loweducated make up 37 of workingage noneu immigrants in EU Employment rates
More informationGlobal Imbalances 2017 External Sector Report
International Monetary Fund Global Imbalances 2017 External Sector Report Gustavo Adler and Luis Cubeddu IMF Research Department Bruegel Brussels, September 26, 2017 Roadmap I. Recent developments II.
More informationFederal Taxation of Aliens Working in the United States
Order Code RS21732 Updated January 18, 2007 Federal Taxation of Aliens Working in the United States Summary Erika Lunder Legislative Attorney American Law Division As Congress considers immigration reform,
More informationApplying for studies in the Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice on terms applicable to Polish citizens
Applying for studies in the Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice on terms applicable to Polish citizens Legal basis: article no. 43 of the Act Law on Higher Education (Journal of Laws 2017 item
More informationChina s Aid Approaches in the Changing International Aid Architecture
China s Aid Approaches in the Changing International Aid Architecture Mao Xiaojing Deputy Director, Associate Research Fellow Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation (CAITEC) MOFCOM,
More informationOECD SKILLS STRATEGY FLANDERS DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHOP
OECD SKILLS STRATEGY FLANDERS DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHOP Dirk Van Damme Head of Division OECD Centre for Skills Education and Skills Directorate 15 May 218 Use Pigeonhole for your questions 1 WHY DO SKILLS MATTER?
More informationLessons from the Swedish/Nordic Model. Lennart Erixon Department of Economics Stockholm University
Lessons from the Swedish/Nordic Model Lennart Erixon Department of Economics Stockholm University The Nordic Model Not easy to make an unambiguous definition - In the 1990s and 2000s, the Nordic countries
More informationPolicies for High-skilled Immigrants
Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark permit and unrestricted work permit (generally after 5 years of residence and fulfilment of integration agreement). EU-8 nationals after 1 year and third country
More informationFrancis Green and Golo Henseke
Graduate jobs and graduate wages across Europe in the 21st century Francis Green and Golo Henseke 15/2/2018 www.researchcghe.org 1 Is this the typical European graduate labour market? Source: Patrick:
More information