National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme 2005: An overview of Situation in Uttar Pradesh. CDS, Trivendrum, Kerala

Transcription

1 National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme 2005: An overview of Situation in Uttar Pradesh Miss Pratima Yadav Institute of Economic Growth Delhi University Correspondence: To be presented in the: International Conference on Employment Opportunities and Public Employment Policy in Globalizing India 3 5 April, 2008 CDS, Trivendrum, Kerala

2 Distribution of NREG Scheme by Regions & districts: UP Regions Number of Districts No. of Districts covered in NREGS No. of Districts in Phase-1: NO. of Districts in Phase Eastern Uttar Pradesh Central Uttar Pradesh Western Uttar Pradesh** 26 3 None 3 Southern Uttar Pradesh

3 Objectives of the Study Conducted for & To Study the Demand for and Supply of Employment under the NREGA Examine Differences between the Job Cards Issued & Supply of Actual Employment Distribution of Job Cards among the social groups Distribution of fund according to work profile and materials Difference between NREGS Wage rate and Minimum Wage rate. Types of work and execution Part of the analysis was conducted by Social Groups

4 Where do the Demand for Employment and Supply of Employment stand? What happens to the Job Cards Issued and Employment Provided?

5 Distribution of NREGS Employment During & (Region-wise ) Regions NREGS Performance Based on Demand & Supply of Employment (%) Employment Demanded Employment Supplied Financial Year Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Financial Year Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP DATA NA DATA NA

6 Region-wise Distribution of NREGS Employment & (%) Regions Job Card Issued to Households Employment provided to Households Differences between Job Cards Issued & Empl. Provided Financial Years: Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Financial Year: Eastern UP Central UP Western UP DATA NA DATA NA DATA NA Southern UP Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP

7 District-wise distribution of NREGS Employment : & (Eastern UP) Name of the Regions AMBEDKAR NAGAR Financial Year % of Employment Demanded % of Employment Supplied % of Employment Demanded % of Employment Supplied AZAMGARH BAHRAICH BALLIA BALRAMPUR BASTI CHANDAULI GONDA GORAKHPUR JAUNPUR KAUSHAMBI KUSHI NAGAR MAHARAJGANJ MAU MIRZAPUR PRATAPGARH SANT KABEER NAGAR SHRAVASTI SIDDHARTH NAGAR SONBHADRA SULTANPUR

8 District-wise Demand and Supply of Job Cards: & (Eastern Uttar Pradesh) Financial Year Name of the Regions % Job Card Issued to Rural Households % of Employment provided to Rural Households Differences between Issued Job Cards and Provided Employment (in %) % Job Card Issued to Rural Households % of Employment provided to Rural Households Differences between Issued Job Cards and Provided Employment (in %) AMBEDKAR NAGAR AZAMGARH** BAHRAICH BALLIA BALRAMPUR BASTI CHANDAULI** GONDA GORAKHPUR** JAUNPUR** KAUSHAMBI** KUSHI NAGAR** MAHARAJGANJ MAU MIRZAPUR ** PRATAPGARH** SANT KABEER NAGAR SHRAVASTI SIDDHARTH NAGAR SONBHADRA** SULTANPUR

9 District-wise Distribution of NREGS Employment: & (Central UP) Financial Year Name of the Districts % of Employme nt Demanded % of Employment Supplied % of Employmen t Demanded % of Employment Supplied BARABANKI FATEHPUR HARDOI KANPUR DEHAT KHERI RAE BARELI SITAPUR UNNAO

10 District-wise Demand and Supply for Issued Job Cards: & (Central UP) Financial Year Name of the Districts % Job Card Issued to Rural Househol ds % of Employm ent provided to Rural Househol ds Differences between Issued Job Cards and Provided Employment (in %) % Job Card Issued to Rural Househol ds % of Employm ent provided to Rural Househol ds Differences between Issued Job Cards and Provided Employment (in %) FATEHPUR** HARDOI** KANPUR DEHAT KHERI** RAE UNNAO**

11 District-wise Distribution of NREGS Employment: & (Western & Southern UP) Financial Year Name of the Districts % of Employme nt Demanded % of Employment Supplied % of Employme nt Demanded % of Employment Supplied Western Uttar Pradesh Districts BUDAUN ETAH FARRUKHABAD Southern Uttar Pradesh Districts BANDA CHITRAKOOT HAMIRPUR JALAUN JHANSI LALITPUR MAHOBA

12 District-wise Demand and Supply for Issued Job Cards: & (Western & Southern UP) Financial Year Districts % Job Card Issued to Households % of Employment provided to Households Differences between Issued Job Cards and Provided Employment (in %) % Job Card Issued to Househol ds % of Employm ent provided to Househol ds Differences between Issued Job Cards and Provided Employment (in %) Western Uttar Pradesh Districts BUDAUN ETAH FARRUKHABAD Southern Uttar Pradesh Districts BANDA CHITRAKOOT HAMIRPUR JALAUN JHANSI LALITPUR MAHOBA

13 Distribution of Job Cards among the social groups

14 Distribution of Job Cards by Social Group in UP: Regional Profile & Regions Financial Year Eastern Uttar Pradesh Central Uttar Pradesh Western Uttar Pradesh Southern Uttar Pradesh Financial Year Eastern Uttar Pradesh Central Uttar Pradesh Western Uttar Pradesh Southern Uttar Pradesh Eastern Uttar Pradesh Central Uttar Pradesh Western Uttar Pradesh Southern Uttar Pradesh % of households issued job card (up to March ) Schedule Caste Schedule Tribes Others

15 Districts Financial Year Distribution of Job Cards by Social Group: Eastern UP & % of job card issued to household (till the reporting March month) Schedule Caste Schedule Tribes Others AZAMGARH 6 4 CHANDAULI GORAKHPUR JAUNPUR KAUSHAMBI KUSHI NAGAR MIRZAPUR PRATAPGARH SONBHADRA AMBEDKAR NAGAR BAHRAICH BALLIA BALRAMPUR BASTI GONDA 6 4 MAHARAJGANJ MAU SANT KABEER NAGAR SHRAVASTI SIDDHARTH NAGAR SULTANPUR

16 Distribution of Job Cards by Social Group: Central UP & Districts % of Job cards issued to household (till the reporting March month) Schedule Cast Schedule Tribes Others Financial Year BARABANKI FATEHPUR HARDOI KHERI RAE BARELI SITAPUR KANPUR DEHAT

17 Distribution of Job Cards by Social Group: Western & southern UP & Districts % of Job Cards Issued to Household Schedule Cast Schedule Tribes Others Western Region, BUDAUN ETAH FARRUKHABAD Southern Region, BANDA CHITRAKOOT HAMIRPUR JALAUN LALITPUR MAHOBA JHANSI

18 Distribution of fund according to work profile and materials

19 Work Profile and Expenditure: Regions of UP Expenditure on Wages, Material & Contingencies (%) Regions Unskilled Workers Semi- Skilled & skilled Workers Material Contingenc y Total Expendit ure Unspent Funds Financial Year Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Financial Year Eastern UP Central UP Western UP DATA NA DATA NA DATA NA DATA NA DATA NA DATA NA Southern UP Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP

20 work profile and Expenditure by Districts: Eastern UP Expenditure on Wages, Material & Contingencies (%) Regions Unskilled Workers Semiskilled and Skilled Workers Mater ial Conting ency Total Exp. Unspent Funds Financial Year AZAMGARH CHANDAULI GORAKHPUR JAUNPUR KAUSHAMBI KUSHI NAGAR MIRZAPUR PRATAPGARH SONBHADRA

21 work profile and expenditure in Districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh AZAMGARH BAHRAICH BALLIA BALRAMPUR BASTI CHANDAULI GONDA JAUNPUR KAUSHAMBI KUSHI NAGAR MAU MIRZAPUR PRATAPGARH SHRAVASTI SONBHADRA SULTANPUR Regions AMBEDKAR NAGAR GORAKHPUR MAHARAJGANJ SANT KABEER NAGAR SIDDHARTH NAGAR Unskilled Workers Expenditure on Wages, Material & Contingencies (%) Semi-skilled and Skilled Workers Material Continge ncy Total Exp

22 work profile and expenditure in Districts of Central Uttar Pradesh Expenditure on Wages, Material & Contingencies (%) Regions Unskilled Workers Semi-skilled and Skilled Workers Material Continge ncy Total Exp. Financial Year BARABANKI FATEHPUR HARDOI KHERI RAE BARELI SITAPUR UNNAO BARABANKI FATEHPUR HARDOI KANPUR DEHAT KHERI RAE BARELI SITAPUR UNNAO

23 BUDAUN ETAH BANDA HAMIRPUR JALAUN LALITPUR MAHOBA BANDA HAMIRPUR JALAUN JHANSI LALITPUR MAHOBA work profile and expenditure in Districts of Western & southern UP Regions Western UP FARRUKHABAD Southern UP CHITRAKOOT CHITRAKOOT Expenditure on Wages, Material & Contingencies (%) Unskilled Workers Semi-skilled and Skilled Workers Materia l Conting ency Total Exp

24 What about the NREGS Wage rate & Minimum Wage rate?

25 Every person working under the NREG Scheme shall be entitled to wages at the minimum wage rate fixed by the State Government (or the competent authority concerned) for agricultural labourers under the Minimum Wage Act, 1948, unless the wages have been notified by the Central Government Section 6 (1) of the Act. As the stated in the Act (Schedule I, Section 6),labourers shall not be paid less than the above mentioned wage rate (hereafter the minimum wage ) under any circumstances. Ministry of Rural Development (GOI)

26 Gap between NREGS Wage and the Minimum Wage: A Region-wise Picture of UP Name of the Districts Financial Year Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Financial Year Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Minimum Wages Avg. wage Paid Per Persondays

27 Average wage Paid Per Person a day (Wage rate) in Region of Uttar Pradesh Wage Rate Eastern Uttar Pradesh Central Uttar Pradesh Southern Uttar Pradesh Regions of Uttar Pradesh Note :Wage rate data is not available for Western UP

28 Gap between NREGS Wage and the Minimum Wage: A District-wise Picture of Eastern UP Name of the Districts Financial Year Wage Gap between Wage rate and Minimum Wage Wage Gap Between Wage rate and region wage rate Wage Gap between Wage rate and Minimum Wage Wage Gap Between Wage rate and region wage rate AMBEDKAR NAGAR AZAMGARH BAHRAICH BALLIA BALRAMPUR BASTI CHANDAULI GONDA GORAKHPUR JAUNPUR KAUSHAMBI KUSHI NAGAR MAHARAJGANJ MAU MIRZAPUR PRATAPGARH SANT KABEER NAGAR SHRAVASTI SIDDHARTH NAGAR SONBHADRA SULTANPUR

29 Gap between NREGS Wage rate and the Minimum Wage rate: A District-wise Picture of Central UP Financial Year Name of the Districts Wage Gap between Wage rate and Minimum Wage Wage Gap Between Wage rate and region wage rate Wage Gap between Wage rate and Minimum Wage Wage Gap Between Wage rate and region wage rate BARABANKI FATEHPUR HARDOI KANPUR DEHAT KHERI RAE BARELI SITAPUR UNNAO

30 Gap between NREGS Wage rate and the Minimum Wage rate: A District-wise Picture of Southern UP Financial Year Name of the Districts Wage Gap between Wage rate and Minimum Wage Wage Gap Between Wage rate and region wage rate Wage Gap between Wage rate and Minimum Wage Wage Gap Between Wage rate and region wage rate BANDA CHITRAKOOT HAMIRPUR JALAUN JHANSI LALITPUR MAHOBA

31 Which types of work are executed in UP?

32 Regions Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Eastern UP Central UP Western UP Southern UP Work profile of NREGA Programme in Regions of UP Total Work/Activity (%) Land Development Financial Year Financial Year Financial Year Rural Connectivity Any Other Activity Approved by MRD Water conservation

33 Work profile of NREGA programme in districts of Eastern UP: Total Work/Activity (%) Financial Year Districts Land Developme nt Rural Connectiv ity Any Other activity Approved by MRD %age of water conservati on Land Developme nt Rural Connecti vity Any Other activity Approved by MRD %age of water conservati on AMBEDKAR NAGAR AZAMGARH BAHRAICH BALLIA BALRAMPUR BASTI CHANDAULI GONDA GORAKHPUR JAUNPUR KAUSHAMBI KUSHI NAGAR MAHARAJGANJ MAU MIRZAPUR PRATAPGARH SANT KABEER NAGAR SHRAVASTI SIDDHARTH NAGAR SONBHADRA SULTANPUR

34 Work profile of NREGA Programme in districts Central UP: Total Work/Activity (%) Financial Year: Financial Year: Districts Land Devel opme nt Rural Conne ctivity Any Other activit y Appro ved by MRD %age of water conser vation Land Devel opme nt Rural Conne ctivity Any Other activit y Appro ved by MRD %age of water conserva tion BARABANKI FATEHPUR HARDOI KANPUR DEHAT KHERI RAE BARELI SITAPUR UNNAO

35 Work Profile of NREGA Programme in Districts Western & Southern UP Total Work/Activity (%) Financial Year: Financial Year: Districts Land Develo pment Rural Connec tivity Any Other activity Approv ed by MRD %age of water conser vation Land Develo pment Rural Connec tivity Any Other activity Approv ed by MRD %age of water conser vation Western Uttar Pradesh districts BUDAUN ETAH FARRUKHABA D Southern Uttar Pradesh districts BANDA CHITRAKOOT HAMIRPUR JALAUN JHANSI LALITPUR MAHOBA

36 Concluding Observations A complete equality between the demand for and supply of employment in all the regions of UP over both the years. However, when we make a comparison between the job cards issued and the actual employment provided to the job seekers, there appears a considerable mismatch. This needs investigation. Distribution of employment by social groups reveal a greater share going to the SC followed by the Others. As the population of ST in most districts of UP is marginal, it s also reflected in their NREGS share as well. As was expected, a greater amount of the NREGS expenditure went to unskilled workers and their wages. Next to this was expenditure on goods and material. Evidences drawn at region-level reveal that about a fifth of total financial allocations remained unspent over both the years. NREGS Wages appeared to have improved overtime. Conservation of water remained the priority for 3 regions. Western UP has however differed and laid greater emphasis on road connectivity.

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