PRC: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program

Transcription

1 Social Monitoring Report Project Number: Annual Report December 2017 PRC: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program Prepared by the Monitoring Group of Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences (GZASS) for the People s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Asian Development Bank

2 Asian Development Bank RESETTLEMENT MONITORING REPORT FOR GUIZHOU VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (BASELINE SURVEY AND NO.1) OCTOBER 2017 by The Monitoring Group Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences (GZASS) 19 Suoshixiang, Guiyang , People s Republic of China Telephone: (++86) Facsimile: (++86)

3 Contents 1. Introduction Project background Scope and mode of land acquisition, demolition and involuntary resettlement Laws and Regulations and Land Compensation LAR Institutional Arrangement Implementation Procedures, Information Disclosing and Participation Appeals and Grievance Redress Basic situation and Prospect of Land Requisition, Demolition and Resettlement Welfare Restoration Review of the Community Governance Structure Current Situation in Vocational Education City Conclusions and recommendations... 28

4 Abbreviations Project - Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program AAOV average annual output value PAHs - households affected by the Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program (because of land acquisition and/or house removal and resettlement) PAPs people affected by the Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program (because of land acquisition and/or house removal and resettlement) DMS detailed measurement survey HH household LAR land acquisition and resettlement MLS minimum living security MLR Ministry of Land Resource PRC People s Republic of China Units Currency unit = Yuan (CNY) 1 hectare = 15 mu 1 mu = 667 m 2

5 1. Introduction This report aims to assess the land acquisition, demolition, resettlement and welfare recovery of involved immigrants during construction of Guizhou (Qingzhen) Technical and Vocational Education and training Program Financed by ADB Loan, and propose monitoring and evaluating opinions and suggestions basing on this. According to the requirement of the Action Program for the Monitoring of the Implementation of the Resettlement and Welfare Restitution Plan for Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program Financed by ADB Loan, the Qingzhen Vocational Project Monitoring Group of Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences scanning-type surveyed the construction of vocational town and resettlement area in August and September 2017, repeatedly visited the Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administration Committee and other relevant institutions, collected and collated a large number of relevant data. On this basis, the monitoring team conducted a questionnaire survey for registering and obtaining a residence permit in the resettlement area, recall and understand the basic situation before emigration in 2011, interviewed and asked about the situation since the land acquisition and demolition, especially the development of immigrant since Project background The proposed RBL project is located in two sites, including Huaxi University Town and Qingzhen Vocational Education Town. Among the proposed 8 schools which will have civil works, 1 school is in Huaxi University Town and other 7 schools are in Qingzhen Vocational Education Town. Figure-2-1 is the location map. Qingzhen Vocational Education Town locates in Qingzhen City.The distance from Qingzhen Vocational Education Town to the downtown of Guiyang (the capital of Guizhou Province) is 23 kilometers. Qingzhen City is administrated by Guiyang City, which is the capital of Guizhou Province. In 2010 and 2011, there were some local vocational schools and the Guizhou Tourism School in Qingzhen city; these were called Qingzhen Vocational Education Zone. It was designated Qingzhen Vocational Education Town in 30 March From that time, the Qingzhen Vocational Education Town became a provincial level vocational education town and a provincial leading group was established. The vice-governor of Guizhou Province is the head of the leading group, and other members come from other provincial departments, including Land Resource Department, Education Department, Construction Department, Environment Protection Department, etc. According to the Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Development Plan ( ) approved by Guizhou Provincial Government, the total planned area is 46 km ( later adjusted to 80 km ), including 27.5 km land for construction. The Vocational Education Town is divided into two parts, Shiguang community in east part 1

6 and Xiangchou community in east part, by the Laomahe River which connecting Hongfeng Lake and Baihua Lake. The 25 Vocational Education institutions and related key construction projects were planned in the two communities. Area bitmap, spatial layout diagram and aerial view map of the Vocational Education Town are shown in figures 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 respectively. Figure-2-1 Area bitmap of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town 2

7 Figure-2-2 Spatial layout diagram of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Figure-2-3 Aerial view map of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town 3

8 3. Scope and mode of land acquisition, demolition and involuntary resettlement According to the estimation of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administration Committee, it is necessary to acquire about 7,000 mu of land in the first phase and the second phase of the project construction process, more than 1,400 households are affected by land acquisition; about 295,000 square meters of houses to be demolished and about 900 families were affected by demolition. There are 7 schools supported by ADB vocational loan in the vocational town, it is necessary to acquire 3,446 acres of land, 668 families were affected by demolition; about 153,864 square meters of houses to be demolished and about 531 families were affected by demolition. See Table 3-1 for details. Table 3-1 LAR Impacts of the vocational Schools No School Acquir 1 Transportation college 2 Agricultural Engineering ed land (mu) PAH Demolish ed Areas (m 2 ) PAH Start and Completion date of LAR Relocat ion Site (east/we st) Date of relocation 1, , West , West Tourism School Mechanical School , East Water Conservanc y School , West Business School , West 7 Guizhou Trade & Economic s School , West Total 3, , The involuntary resettlement in the whole vocational town was dominated by the government from the beginning and adopted the form of combining local urbanization with market-oriented mechanism. The main approach is that the government formulated a uniform standard in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations and compensated the immigrant in the form of money in terms of land acquisition and demolition of involuntary resettlement; The government unified the planning on the spot and set up corresponding resettlement community by market bidding in terms of resettlement, immigrant freely purchases apartment house in accordance with relevant regulations; in the whole process of land acquisition, demolition and resettlement, the government (Qingzhen Vocational Education Town 4

9 Administration Committee) organized and coordinated relevant units and departments and was fully responsible for the relevant affairs. and eventually provided qualified construction land for the relevant owners. 4. Laws and Regulations and Land Compensation Land acquisition and resettlement of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town and Huaxi University Town was implemented based on the following national, provincial and local laws and regulations. (Ⅰ)Land Administration Law of the People s Republic of China (effected from January 1 of 1999, revised on August 28, 2004). ( Ⅱ )Decision of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Land Administration, Ref. GF[2004]28.(effected from October 21 of 2004) (Ⅲ)Guidelines for Strengthening Land Acquisition Compensation and Relocation System, (Ref. No.GTZF[2004]238), (effected from November 3, 2004) (Ⅳ)Circular on Issuing the Land Classification (trial), Ref. No. GTZF[2001]255. (Ⅴ)Measures for the Administration of Preliminary Examination of the Land Used for Construction Projects, Decree No.27, Ministry of Land Resources, effected from December 1, 2004; (Ⅵ)Methods for Announcement of Land Acquisition, Decree No.10, Ministry of Land Resources, effected from January 1, 2002; (Ⅶ)Regulation on the Expropriation of Buildings on State-owned Land and Compensation, effected from January 21, 2011; The relevant policies of Guizhou Province and Guiyang City (Ⅰ)Regulations of Guizhou Province on Land Administration, effected from January 1, 2001; (Ⅱ)Decision of the People s Government of Guizhou Province on Deepening Reform and Strictly Enforcing Land Administration, Ref. QFF[2005]17, effected from June 21, 2005; ( Ⅲ )Regulations of Guizhou Province on Preliminary Examination of the Land for Construction Project, Ref. QGTZF[2004]122, effected from January 1, ( Ⅳ )Notice of the People s Government of Guizhou Province on Strengthening Land Acquisition Administration for Key Construction (Ref. QFF[2004]5); (Ⅴ)Integrated Land Acquisition Price of Guiyang City (ZFF[2009] No 100); 5

10 (Ⅵ)Management Measure for implementation Regulation on the Expropriation of Buildings on State-owned Land and Compensation in Guiyang, issued by Guiyang City Government on 4 July According to the basic principles of the above laws and regulations, in , Guiyang Municipal People's Government has formulated a series of relevant policies and compensation standards on the construction of vocational schools in Qingzhen. Among them, the standards of compensation and resettlement allowance for land acquisition are shown in Table 4-1, and the compensation rates of legal houses and other attachments are shown in Table 4-2. The compensation rates for illegal construction houses are shown in Table 4-3. Refer to Table 4-4 for subsidies for resettlement and transition costs for the standard details, and Table 4-5 for the standard details for the one-time special rescue standard for vulnerable groups. Table 4-1 Land Compensation Rate for the Acquired Land in Qingzhen Vocational Education Town AAOV (yuan/mu) Type of land 1500 Arable Land compensa Times of AAOV Resettlement Subsidy Compensation (yuan/mu) To farmer the To the village committee Social Security Fund (yuan/mu) tion ,500 31,500 3,000 10,000 land 1500 Forest land ,000 12,900 2,100 4, Un-use 4 0 6,000 4, ,000 Land Notes:The Guizhou Provincial Land Administrative Regulation (effective from January 1, 2000 and revised in 2010) and the Integrated Land Acquisition Price of Guiyang City (ZFF[2009] No. 100) is the policy basis. For arable land, the compensation was set as 23 times of the annual average output value (AAOV). According to the Guizhou Provincial Land Administrative Regulation, 80% of the land compensation and all resettlement subsidy need to be paid to the villagers. So among the compensation, 92% (31500 yuan/mu) was paid to the farmers directly and the village committee reserved 8% (3,000 yuan/mu) for community affairs. And before land acquisition, in addition to the compensation for land, social security fund (10,000 yuan/mu) paid by the schools was deposited in the special social security fund account of the Social Security Bureau for the affected households/villages. Table 4-2 Compensation Reference Rate for House and Attachments (yuan/ m 2 ) Structure of the house Compensation rate With 30% award remark Brick-concrete 1,682 2,186.6 Dry wall 1,702 2,212.6 One side of wall brick 1,722 2,238.6 Two sides of wall brick Brick-wood 1,360 1,768 Other 1,202 1, ,742 2,264.6 Three sides of wall brick 1,762 2,290.6 Four sides of wall brick 6

11 Simple 476 Other attachments Item Compensation Set Telephone 200 Set Subsidy for moving wire television 200 Subsidy for moving solar water heater 500 Set Subsidy for moving Computer broadband 150 household Subsidy for moving air conditioner 600 set Subsidy for moving Table 4-3 Compensation Rate for Illegal Houses (yuan/ m2) Structure of the house Compensation rate Brick-concrete 1,360 Brick-wood 900 Other 500 Table 4-4 Other Subsidies Type Rate (yuan/m2) Cash compensation option property exchange Moving subsidy 8 1 time option 2 times Transition subsidy 8 3 months 24 months Table 4-5 Special Assistance to the Vulnerable Group No Group Special subsidy (yuan) 1 HH who is receiving Minimum Living 3,000 2 Security Disabled 3,000 3 Old people (80-89 years old) 5,000 4 Old people (90-99 years old) 8,000 5 Old people (above 100 years old) 12, LAR Institutional Arrangement The organization structure of the whole land requisition, demolition and resettlement of the Vocational Education Town is shown in Figure

12 Qingzhen City Government Qinzhen City Land Resource Bureau Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee Qingzhen City House Demolition Bureau sub-district / township government offices Social Affairs Department Land House acquisition Demolition division division Other government agencies Figure 5-1 LAR Institutional Arrangement Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee (deputy county level) is entrusted by the Qingzhen City Government (county level) to manage the Vocational Education Town. The social affairs department of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee is responsible for all land acquisition and house demolition activities. The social affairs department (SAD) has 60 staff, and annual regular training have been provided by Qinzhen City Land Resource Bureau and Qingzhen City House Demolition Bureau. In the government system, the Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee (deputy county level) is higher than the Qinzhen City Land Resource Bureau (LRB),Qingzhen City House Demolition Bureau (HDB) and the sub-district (township level), so that it can have administrative power to coordinate these government agencies during land acquisition and resettlement. Under SAD, there are two divisions, include the land acquisition division and house demolition division. The land acquisition division is responsible for land acquisition and the income restoration for the farmers. And the house demolition division is responsible for house demolition, and construction of the relocation houses. Other government bureaus also join the implementation, including: (i) the social security bureau is responsible for the pension insurance of the farmers affected by land acquisition; (ii) the notary office joins the detailed measurement survey (DMS) and confirm the result; (iii) the construction bureau is responsible for supervising the quality of the relocation houses; and (iv) the village committee and sub-district/township offices will join the whole process of land acquisition and house demolition. 8

13 6.Implementation Procedures, Information Disclosing and Participation Based on the relevant laws and regulations, land acquisition and house demolition was implemented by the following 6 steps. Step 1: The vocational schools submitted the land using pre-examination to the Qingzhen City LRB. The LRB checked if the proposed land using was comply with the city land using plan based on the Management Regulation of Pre-examination for Construction Project issued by Ministry of Land Resource. Normally, the land acquisition can only commence when the Provincial Government approves transferring the farmland to the construction land (get the quota) with the precondition that land acquisition and resettlement should be implemented strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. During implementation, LA certificate was not yet approved but land acquisition and house demolition took place. On January 12, 2015, the Guizhou Provincial Land Resource Department held a meeting to discuss the issue and confirmed that 12,000 mu quota will be provided to the Qingzhen Vocational Education Town. Without the quota, the Certificate of State-owned Land Using Right can not be issued by the government, although this doesn t affect the compensation to the APs. For the 7 schools in the Vocational Education Town which will have civil works, the tourism school has got the land quota, and the remaining schools will get the land quota by Step 2: Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee then announced the Land Acquisition and House Demolition Notice in the village for 10 days, including the areas to be acquired, the purpose, the applied polices, the proposed compensation rates, the cut-off date, resettlement measures, etc. Step 3: Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee and the local sub-district office/township government organized village meetings to discuss the compensation rates, income restoration measures, house relocation measures, etc. Based on the discussion, Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee formulated the land acquisition and house demolition implementation plan. This procedure took 45 days. Step 4: The implementation plan was sent to Qingzhen City Government for approval, and then disclosed in the village. If the village committee or the villagers didn t agree with the implementation plan, the LRB would organize the hearing meeting based on the Regulation for Hearing (effective from May ) issued by Ministry of Land and Resources. Based on the result of the hearing meeting, the implementation plan would be revised. In practice, as the implementation plan was prepared based on full consultation, they were all accepted by the villagers and no hearing meeting was required. Step 5: Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee, representatives of land resource bureau, notary office, village committee and affected farmers participated in the detailed measurement survey. The result of the survey, including the location, type and areas of the acquired land, type and areas of the demolished houses, and all other affected assets was confirmed and signed by all participants. This DMS takes 30 days averagely and the result of the DMS was disclosed in the village for 7days. Step 6: Land acquisition and compensation agreements were signed with the village 9

14 committee and house demolition agreements were signed with the PAHS. 7. Appeals and Grievance Redress Complete appeal and grievance system had been established to deal with the problems induced by land acquisition and compensation, so the APs could find relevant department for their appeal and grievance. Steps of appeal and grievance are shown as the following. (Ⅰ) If any AP is aggrieved by any aspect of the resettlement, he/she can state his/her grievance and appeal to the village committee in oral or in written form. If an oral appeal is made, the village committee will record it on paper and process it. The village committee will make a decision on or resolve it in two weeks. (Ⅱ) The aggrieved AP can state the grievance and appeal to the sub-district/township office in oral or in written form. The sub-district office will decide on or resolve it in two weeks. (Ⅲ) If the aggrieved AP is not satisfied with the decision of the sub-district/township office, he/she can appeal to the SAD of Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee, which would reach a decision within two weeks. (Ⅳ) According to Administration Procedure Law of the People s Republic of China, the APs could appeal to administration departments who had administration rights for arbitration. If the APs were still dissatisfied at the decision of the arbitration, they could appeal to a people s court according to the Civil Procedural Law after receiving the decision of the arbitration. During implementation, the main complaint from some PAHS is delay delivery of the relocation houses at the east relocation site, although some PAHS don t care about this as they want to get more transition subsidy. For the PAHS whose houses were demolished in 2012, the transition period is more than 24 months. As this is the first relocation site, the Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee took more time to finish the approval procedures. Finally, the transition subsidy was increased by 10% to address the complaints and the first batch 483 apartments have been allocated to 304 HHs whose house demolished in 2012 in the east part of the town by May Basic situation and Prospect of Land Requisition, Demolition and Resettlement The west resettlement site and east resettlement site of Guizhou Vocational Education Town are the concenterated resettlement area for immigrants who, includes those displaced from around 17 schools in the Guizhou Vocational Education Town, also include the ecological immigrants and other immigrants from the town in Qingshen city. Until 30 November 2016, the Vocational Education Town had a total of 931 households, of which 566 were in the east 10

15 resettlement site and 365 in the west resettlement site. The first phase project of the east resettlement area with an area of 410 mu and a total building area of 290 thousand square meters had been completed by July 2014, then 566 apartments have all been lived in by the end of 2016, and the second phase of the project is under construction. The first phase project of the west resettlement area with an area of acres and a total building area of 602 thousand square meters has been completed by January 2016, and the first batch of new houses are delivered to 129 residents who are delighted to have the key of new houses in hand. On March 28th, the second batch of 6 installed new houses in the western area (Xiangchou community) are delivered as scheduled to around 180 residents whose old houses are dismantled. All the 365 apartments have been checked in by October 2017, and the second phase of the west resettlement site project is under construction. It is expected to be completed by May According to the data from Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administration Committee, the task of the land requisition and demolition of 7 schools in Guizhou (Qingzhen) Vocational Development Program Financed by ADB Loan has been completed by October A total of 3, mu of land was acquired and 153, square meters of houses were demolished. However, resettlement of inhabitants in these seven schools is still in the progress. Immigrants from these seven schools are 531 in total, among which there are 437 relocatees that hold legal Property Permits and have signed relocation contracts with the Administrative Committee. That is to say, the rest 94 households are illegal property owners. In spite of it, these 94 households could also get proper resettlement. In January 2017, 19 households of immigrants from Guizhou Mechanical School were resettled to Shiguang Community in the east area as the first batch of resettled inhabitants from these seven schools. The second batch of 36 immigrants were resettled to Xiangchou community in the west area by March Until October 2017, 55 households had been resettled from these seven schools. There are still 475 households waiting to be resettled. According to the plan by Qingzhen Vocational Education Town Administrative Committee,it is expected that, by the end of 2018, resettlement of the rest 476 households involved in land acquisition and demolition will be completed, among which resettlement in the east area of Shiguang community will be 65 households and 411 households will be resettled to the west area of Xiangchou community. 11

16 Table 8-1 Progress in resettlement (as of October 2017) No School PAHs Resettlement Unfinished resettlement 1 Transportation college 2 Agricultural Engineering PAHs of Demolish ( Househ olds) Among them: a legal property certificate and a relocation contract with the management committee ( Househol ds ) Number of resettle ment househol ds ( Hou seholds ) Resettle ment date March March 2017 Resettleme Expecte Expected nt area Xiangchou community Xiangchou community d number of resettle ment househo lds ( Hou seholds ) resettleme nt date 123 December December 2018 Expected resettlement area Xiangchou community Xiangchou community 3 Tourism School Mechanical School January Water Conservan cy School Shiguang community 65 December December Business School March Guizhou Trade & Economi cs School March 2017 Xiangchou community Xiangchou community 37 December December 2018 Shiguang community Xiangchou community Xiangchou community Xiangchou community Total

17 Figure 8-1 Resettlement area appearance 13

18 Figure 8-2 Planning scope of the second phase project of West District 9. Welfare Restoration 9.1 Changes in Socio-economic Profile Survey background In accordance with the Action Program for the Monitoring of the Implementation of the Resettlement and Welfare Restitution Plan for Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program Financed by ADB Loan, the Monitoring Group of the Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences conducted a survey of the households affected by the Project (hereinafter referred to as the PAHs) in August and September This survey aimed at evaluating the restoration of the welfare of the relocatees affected by the Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program (hereinafter referred to as the Project), and putting forward relevant suggestions. This survey was conducted in the form of discussion and questionnaire. The monitoring group visited the Qingzhen City Management Committee of Vocational Education to understand the Guizhou (Qingzhen)Vocational Education Town building, land acquisition, resettlement etc. 14

19 Within two weeks, We conducted a follow-up survey of 106 affected households and monitored their living standards, production conditions, resettlement sites, infrastructure and public facilities at the initial stage of resettlement. The monitoring group calculates and analyzes the social and economic development of the affected households reflected by the questionnaire, and sums up and analyzes the problems existing in the resettlement. The distribution of the sampled households of the survey is shown in table 9-1. Table 9-1 The Distribution of the Sampled s Place of Survey County Town/Townsh ip Village/ community s % Qingzhen Guizhou Shiguang (Qingzhen) Vocational community Xiangchou Education Town community total Basic Properties of the Interviewees The basic characteristics of respondents in each survey are shown in Table 9-2, including the respondents sex, head of household, age, occupation, family size and so on. Due to the loss of farmlands, the number of agricultural employment people in the affected households drops sharply in 2012 compared with that in 2011 before resettlement. The proportion is 62.3% in 2011 while it is 7.5% in 2016, but the number of people who are engaged in the industrial, construction, transportation and other occupational activities has increased dramatically. However, some affected households are still in the process of resettlement and are busy with the decoration of resettlement houses such that they have not yet started to find new employment opportunities, and some affected households are in the process of converting from original agricultural employment to non-agricultural employment and are limited to the education level, knowledge, skills, professional experience and other factors such that they have not yet found a good job, thus the proportion of home-based residents in 2016 is relatively high, up to 52.8%. They mainly rely on odd jobs, subsidies for transition in resettlement, façade room rent and other family business income. Table 9-2 Basic Properties of the Interviewees Sex Head? Age Variable % % Persons Persons Male Female Yes No

20 Variable Persons % Persons % Years of Schooling Engaged In: Working As: 61 and Over Average and Over Average Agriculture Industry Construction Transportation Service Public Sectors Housework students Unemployed Other Public Servant Village Cadre Business Manager Teacher Doctor Technician Blue-collared Worker White-Collared Worker Craftsman Other Local Village Working Place Other Village of Local Town Local Town Local County Other City/Town in Guizhou Rural Area in Guizhou City/Town Outside Guizhou Family Size (Persons) Rural Area Outside Guizhou

21 Variable Persons % Persons % Affected by and Over Total Average Land Acquisition Land Acquisition and Resettlement Social and economic development of the PAHs Changes in Socio-economic Profile 1)Change in Cultivated Land and Grain Output The survey results of table 9-3 shows that the per capita cultivated land holding of the PAHs was 0.06 mu in 2016, 94.6% less than the 2011 figure of 1.11 mu (1 mu=1/15 hectare). The reduction was caused by the land acquisition. Table 9-3 shows the distribution of the per capita cultivated land holding of the PAHs. In 2016, 98.1% of the PAHs fell under the below-0.5-mu group, 59.4 percentage points more than the 2011 figure, whereas the percentage of the PAHs under the 0.5-to-1 and over one groups decreased. Statistical test (two-tailed test) shows that the decrease in the per capita cultivated land holding of the PAHs in the period of is statistically significant. Table 9-3 Change in Per Capita Cultivated Land Percentage of s Grouped by Per Capital Cultivated land Holding PAHs % to Total % to Total Below 0.5 mu mu mu mu Over 2 mu Total Per Capital Cultivated Land Holding (mu) Most of the relocatees preserved their original way of farming; the main crops being rice, corn 17

22 and potato. But the shrinkage of cultivated land had caused the sharp reduction of the sown area and yield of grain. The survey indicates that in 2016 the per capita grain yield of the PAHs was 0 kg. The relocatees said that the sharp reduction of grain output had made their grain holding far from adequate and that nearly all of their grain supply had to be based on buying in. Table 9-4 and table 9-5 shows the changes in the number and composition of the households grouped by per capita rice and corn yield. Table 9-4 Percentage of s Grouped by Per Capita rice Output Change in Per Capita Rice Yield PAHs % to Total % to Total Below 100 kg kg kg kg kg kg Over 600 kg Total Average Table9-4 Percentage of s Grouped by Per Capita rice Output Change in Per Capita Corn Yield PAHs % to Total % to Total Below 100 kg kg kg kg kg kg Over 600 kg Total Average )Change in Major Productive Fixed Assets 18

23 The survey shows that the original value of the major productive fixed assets per household saw a fairly large increase in 2016 than in In 2016, the original value of the major productive fixed assets per household for the PAHs was yuan, whereas the corresponding figures in 2011 was 6372 yuan. Please see table 9-6 for details. Table 9-6 Change in the Major Productive Assets of the PAHs Item PAHs Major Original Value of Major Original Value of Productive Fixed Major Productive Productive Fixed Major Productive Assets Per Fixed Assets Per Assets Per Fixed Assets Per 1. Large Animals (head) 2. Ploughshares, Rakes and Other Farm Tools(unit) 3.Motor (unit) Vehicles (yuan) (yuan) Tractors (unit) Farming or Processing Machines (unit) 6. Productive Building( M 2 ) Total )Change in Income The income of the rural households surveyed is composed of two parts: agricultural income and non-agricultural income. Agricultural income mainly comes from grain growing (rice, corn, wheat, potatoes, and legumes, etc.), cash crops planting (oil crops, vegetables, fruits, etc.), and animal husbandry (raising pigs, cattle, sheep, and poultry, etc.); income from forest products and other agricultural incomes are extremely small. In 2016, the agricultural income of the PAHs was 53 yuan, 98.7% less than the figure of 4022 yuan in Expenditure for agricultural business of the rural households includes mainly farming expenditure (costs of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and wages), expenditure for animal breeding, agricultural taxes and extra agricultural taxes, etc. In 2011, the per capita expenditure for agricultural business was 798 yuan. In 2016, it declined sharply to 6 yuan, almost zero, because of the almost disappearance of cultivated land. Non-agricultural income of the rural households includes incomes from industry, transportation, construction, services, wages, interest, transfers, transitional resettlement 19

24 subsidies and other non-agricultural incomes. In 2016, the per capita non-agricultural net income was yuan for the PAHs, 153.1% much more than the 2011 figure of 5201 yuan. Since 2012, the PAHs have obtained some subsidized income, including land acquisition, relocation and transition fee, an average of about 100 thousand yuan per person. Part of the affected people did not go out for work. Instead, they were building their new homes, leading to a decrease in their non-agricultural income. According to our calculation, the per capita net income of the PAHs in 2016 was yuan(see table 9-7), 56.8% more than that in It shows that the income growth of the affected households is significant. In 2016, the per capita net income of the PAHs was 598 yuan (or about 4.7%) more than that of all the local farmers in Qingzhen city. The survey shows that their income growth is indeed more significant. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. Firstly, the acquisition of almost all the cultivated land of PAHs had caused a sharp decline in agricultural income and fall back on non-agricultural income to survive. The income structure of the PAHs has also changed. The share of the net agricultural income in total net income decreased to less than 1% in 2016 from 38.3% in 2011, showing that the PAHs were hardly dependent on land after the resettlement. Second, the non-agricultural incomes of the migrant households are not affected by the land acquisition, demolition and reconstruction thanks to centralized resettlement and the fact that they can still go out and work at other places. Moreover, the local government has provided them with transitional accommodation fees for their resettlement, so their non-agricultural incomes have not been affected by the project. Third, the construction of the Vocational Education city has provided some farmers with non-agricultural employment opportunities, such as cleaning and security; some other families have secured relative stable incomes by serving the residents of the Vocational Education city with newly opened grocery stores, small restaurants, processing factories, and transportation businesses. Hence, we hold the view that most migrants are having stable production and lives again after the land acquisition, demolition and resettlement from The welfare of the migrants in this project has been restored. Table 9-7 Change in Per Capita Income of the Rural s Surveyed PAHs Gross Agricultural Income Per Capita Per Capita Expenditure for Agricultural Business Net Agricultural Income Per Capita Net Non-agricultural Income Per Capita Net Income Per Capita The number and composition of the surveyed rural household grouped by net income are seen in table 9-8. Table 9-8 Rural Change in Composition of Rural s Grouped by Per Capita Net Income s Grouped by Net Income % to Total 20 % to Total

25 Below 3000 yuan yuan yuan yuan yuan yuan yuan yuan yuan Over yuan Total )Living Expenditure The survey shows that the per capita living expenditures of the PAHs were 9250 yuan, 62% more than their corresponding figure in Because of the gradual integration of rural life into urban life, the living expenses of the affected people have risen sharply. As for the structure of the per capita living expenditure, the Engle Coefficients of the PAHs in 2016 were 34.4% and declined slightly 2.9 percentage points lower than corresponding figures in ) Housing and Installations According to the survey, in 2011 and 2016, a very small number of respondents were renters or living in the home of sons, daughters and other relatives. Before the land acquisition and demolition, 96% of the households surveyed had homestead, and the majority of the houses were built by themselves. After the land acquisition and demolition, all the families surveyed lost their homestead and housing, and they were placed in the centralized resettlement area and lived in the building. Therefore, the per capita living space of the investigated households has also been greatly reduced.the survey shows that the per capita floor space of residential buildings of the PAHs was m2 in 2016, m2 less than that in Statistical test shows that the increase in the per capita floor space of the PAHs is significant (T=-3.67,P< 0.05; two tailed test). Table 9-9 shows the composition of the surveyed households grouped by per capita floor space. In 2016, 73.6% of the PAHs had a per capita floor space of m2 (the median value being m2); and only 7.5% (84.7 percentage points lower than in 2011) of the PAHs had a per capita floor over 70 m2. Table 9-9 Change in the Per Capita Floor Space of the Rural s Surveyed Per Capita Floor Space Grouping PAHs % % Below 10 m

26 Per Capita Floor Space Grouping PAHs % % Over 70 m No house or renting Total Per Capita Floor Space (m 2 ) Although the housing space of the surveyed farmers was narrowed, the quality of the dwelling houses, on the contrary, was improved to a certain extent. The residential buildings of the PAHs was mainly of brick-concrete structures; in 2016, 93.6% of the residential buildings of the PAHs dwelling houses were of brick-concrete, 6 percentage points more that the 2011 figures. This indicates that the quality of the residential buildings of the rural households has been greatly improved, especially for the PAHs. In addition, water and power supply facilities were also improved; the portion of the PAHs with access to power and piped water increased. The Vocational Education Town and relevant resettlement sites access roads had improved the local transportation networks, not only for the PAHs, but also for the Non-PAHs in the project area. In 2016, 100% of the villages and resettlement sites had access to roads. In general, the relocatees had better and more convenient access to schools, shops, hospitals, etc. than before the resettlement. 6)Consumer Durables and Financial Assets After the resettlement, the PAHs, those who constructed their new houses in particular, have bought some household appliances. Those affected by land acquisition have also bought some durable consumer goods with compensation fees. As a result, the original value of the durable consumer goods owned by one PAH increased to 82,175 yuan in 2016, almost 7 times more than the 2011 figure of 12,166 yuan. Please see table 9-10 for details. Table 9-10 Change in Consumer Durables Possession of the PAHs PAHs Consumer Durable Original Value of Original Value of Durables Durables Durables Per Durables Per Possession Per Possession Per (yuan) (yuan) 1.Color TV Set(unit) Washing Machine(unit) Refrigerator(unit) Telephone(unit)

27 Consumer Durable Durables Possession Per PAHs Original Value of Durables Per (yuan) Durables Possession Per Original Value of Durables Per (yuan) 5.Mobile Phone (unit) Motorcycle(unit) Water Heater(unit) Smoke Absorber Air Conditioner(unit) Valuable (unit) Ornaments Motor Vehicle(unit) Cooking Stove (unit) Other Total As for financial assets, according to the survey, in 2011, the per capita deposit balance of the PAHs (including loan, deposit, bond balance) was 1288 yuan. And by 2016, because the PAHs received some land acquisition or demolition compensation, and non-agricultural employment income occupied the leading, the per capita deposit balance of the PAHs increased to 4917 yuan. In 2011, the per capita loan of the PAHs was 258 yuan. because the construction cost of their new houses plus decoration cost and cost of buying durable consumer goods exceeded the compensation fees they received, they borrow more or less. By 2016, the per capita loan balance of the affected households increased to 3574 yuan. The results of the questionnaire show that in 2016, because each household was granted considerable land acquisition and resettlement, most of them did not apply for small loans, poverty alleviation and other social assistance. According to statistics, in 2016, only 3 households had received micro loans, each household getting 120 thousand yuan. In spite of this, many forms of employment training have been carried out by the government, and most interviewees had participated in government-sponsored training programs. 7)Social Support Networks As table 9-11 indicates, whether in the pre-resettlement period or in the post-resettlement period, the relocatees in general tended to seek help firstly from their family members and secondly from their relatives when facing difficulties in production and livelihood, indicating that family members and relatives were their main social supporters, and that mutual aid and cooperation between them were based on blood relationships. When blood relationships were not sufficient to offer them aid, they usually turned to neighbors and friends for help. But when facing problems of disaster prevention, public security or having disputes with others, they felt that the power of their families, relatives and friends was not enough, and thus turned to local government, village committees or other village autonomous organizations for help. Table 9-11 Social Support Networks of the PAHs 23

28 When Having the Following Things to Do or Problems to Solve Production and/or Business Operation Disaster Prevention Building Houses Wedding or Funeral Being Ill Supporting the Old Public Security Family Disputes Other Disputes (Disputes With Non-family Members) Buying Valuables Job-hunting Social Support With Whom Do You Usually Consult or To Whom Do You Usually Go for Help? Family Relatives Friends Neighbors Members Family Relatives Friends Government Members Family Relatives Neighbors Friends Members Family Relatives Neighbors Friends Members Family Relatives Neighbors Friends Members Family Relatives Neighbors Friends Members Family Government Village Neighbors Members Committee Family Members Village Committee Neighbors Relatives Village Family Government Neighbors Committee Members Family Relatives Friends Neighbors Members Family Friends Relatives Neighbors Members 9.3 PAHs Subjective Evaluation on Welfare Restoration Degree of Satisfaction with Life Like the Baseline Survey conducted before the resettlement, this survey included questions about the livelihood, production,social status, living environment, and health conditions of the interviewees. To each of these questions, six alternative choices were provided, namely, very satisfactory or very good, good, so-so, bad, very bad, and no content or not clear about it. As the answer no content or not clear about it cannot accurately express the feeling of the interviewees, it was deleted when the degree of satisfaction of PAHs was calculated. To the choices of very satisfactory or very good, good, so-so, bad, very bad, and no content or not clear about it corresponding value of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 is given, to quantify the subjective feeling of the PAHs; thus the total score (value) of the answer to a specific question is given as: percentage given value TS 100 where TS represents total score of the answer to a specific question. 24

29 For example, the total score for the question of how about your family life? is ( ) 3.08(= 100 ). The results for 2011 (before the resettlement) and 2016 (after the resettlement) are shown in table 9-12 and table 9-12 respectively. Table 9-12 Degree of Satisfaction with the Their Life (2011) Questions: What/How About? Value Total Score Frequencies Your Family Life? Your Family Member Relations? Your Relations With Neighbors? Your Relations with Local Villagers? Your Working Conditions? Your Income? Your Social Position? Local Transportation Networks? Your Housing? Your Pastime? Shopping Convenience? Access to School? Your Children s Study? Your Health Condition? Mean 2.78 Std. Dev Table 9-13 (n) Degree of Satisfaction of the PAHs with Their Life(2016) Questions: What/How About? Value of Answers (%) Total Score Frequen cy (n) Difference of Total Score between 2016 and Your Family Life? Your Family Member Relations? Your Relations With Neighbors? Your Relations with Local Villagers? Your Working Conditions? Your Income? Your Social Position? Local Transportation Networks? Your Dwelling House? Your Pastime? Shopping Convenience?

30 Questions: What/How About? Value of Answers (%) Total Frequen Difference Score cy of Total (n) Score between 2016 and 2011 Access to School? Your Children s Study? Your Health Condition? Mean 3.20 Std. Dev As table 9-12 and table 9-13 suggest, changes in family life, health condition, dwelling houses and local transport networks are significant; the total score rising from 3, 2.97, 2.93 and 3.17 respectively in 2011 to 3.4, 3.33, 3.26 and 3.48 in 2016, showing certain improvement in family life, transport condition and housing condition of the relocatees. But lower scores in working conditions, income, etc. in 2016 than in 2011 indicate that the relocatees are not satisfied with their working conditions and income in the post-resettlement period. The average score of the degree of satisfaction of the relocatees in 2016 was 3.2, 15.1% higher than the 2011 figure of It shows that the overall life satisfaction of the immigrants has been significantly improved after the resettlement Apprehensions about Livelihood and Production The PAHs main worries/apprehensions about their livelihood and production were capital shortage and employment opportunity. The first apprehension was capital shortage in the survey conducted in 2016, 45.3% of the PAHs surveyed listed capital shortage as their main apprehensions. Despite the fact that they had received land acquisition/resettlement compensation fees, they had basically used out the money for shops, houses and decoration, thus had no more for business or commerce. In this survey, 28.3% of the PAHs surveyed listed employment opportunity as their second worries/apprehensions. To the question of What Do You Plan to Do to Increase Your Family Income and Your Living Standard? (You May Have 3 Choices), the answers of the PAHs are as follows: (1) increasing wages(54.7%); (2)going out for work(24.5%); (3)others (small shops, rentals, etc.)(20%). The affected households thought that they could not carry out agricultural production activities such as grain, fruit and livestock raising because of all the cultivated land being requisitioned. Agriculture is not enough to support their family. They believe that engaging in non-agricultural activities and going out to work are the quickest and most effective ways to increase income. In addition, during , 20 of the PAHs surveyed started non-agricultural businesses such as small shops, catering outlets, transportation businesses and processing plants, with per household average investment of 160 thousand yuan. These non-agricultural businesses provided more than 60 posts, and the business owners had a net income per household of 33 thousand and 500 yuan in The survey shows that the main concerns of the PAHs were:(1)household income (79.2%); 26