Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of US Firms
|
|
- Eric Stafford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of US Firms Sari Kerr William Kerr William Lincoln 1 / 56
2 Disclaimer: Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed. 2 / 56
3 3 / 56
4 4 / 56
5 5 / 56
6 6 / 56
7 Main Objective Hope to build a deeper view of the firm s role in immigration (Was) the first study we know of to consider the effects of immigration using employer-employee data Study how high skilled immigration affects the employment structures of US firms 7 / 56
8 8 / 56
9 9 / 56
10 Overview of Results Total skilled employment expands with the hiring of highly skilled immigrants Employment expansion is larger for young skilled natives relative to older natives 10 / 56
11 Overview Data Conceptual framework OLS Estimations IV Estimations 11 / 56
12 LEHD Employment Data 12 / 56
13 LEHD Data All private firms and their employees Sourced from unemployment insurance filings Combined with information from social security filings 29 participating states with various start years, from 1990 to 2002, and end year of 2008 Information for each firm: LEHD: establishment code, industry, total employment, payroll and exact location Linked to all other Census Bureau operating data 13 / 56
14 14 / 56
15 LEHD Data Information for each employee: Quarterly earnings Age, gender, and race Citizenship status: US citizen, naturalized citizen, non-citizen Place of birth No information on occupation Education is imputed Exact location within state for firm establishments but is imputed for workers 15 / 56
16 Firm Sample Focus: major employers & patenting firms Sample meets one of following criteria: Accounts for >0.05% of patents Top 100 "employer name" in LBD during any year from Top 100 Compustat worldwide sales or employment over full period A Fortune 200 company in / 56
17 Firm Sample Firm selection Consider 18 states present by 1995 Drop firms with <25% employment in LEHD states Final group on average >50% in LEHD states Sample: 319 firms Average employment is 52k workers in 18 LEHD core states 17 / 56
18 Firm Sample Sizeable share of activity: Consistent with highly skewed firm size distribution (Axtell, 2001) 34% of US patenting 10%-20% of total LEHD employment 67 million workers in total Our baseline regressions contain 3,374 observations 18 / 56
19 Sample Group: Employees Skilled definition: Median earnings over $50,000 in real $2008 Calculated over employment spells % of workforce earns $50k+ Aged 18-65, young-old split at 40 yrs 19 / 56
20 Conceptual Framework 20 / 56
21 Conceptual Framework We are interested in looking at how changes in the employment of skilled immigrants affect changes in the employment of other groups "Microsoft has found that for every H-1B hire we make, we add on average four additional employees to support them in various capacities" - Bill Gates in 2008 Congressional Testimony We consider a simple conceptual framework that will allow us to think about these employment patterns in a straightforward way in terms of substitution and complementarity between different types of workers allow us to relate our findings to arguments made in the public debate over high skilled immigration give us guidance for empirical work 21 / 56
22 Conceptual Framework A firm that makes output using two types of labor domestic and immigrant with the concave production function Q = Q (L D, L I ) Positive but diminishing marginal returns to each type of labor The concave revenue function of the firm is R (Q, y), with y representing economic conditions exogenous to the firm 22 / 56
23 Conceptual Framework The firm maximizes R (Q, y) c D L D c I L I where c D is the cost for domestic workers and c I is the cost for immigrant workers This leads to the familiar conditions for profit maximization that R Q = c D and R Q Q L D Q L I = c I 23 / 56
24 Conceptual Framework Denote the change in immigrant employment by dl I, and the change in domestic employment by dl D Totally differentiating the first expression above dc D = Q 2 R L D Q 2 [ 2 Q R Q L 2 D [ Q L D dl D + Q dl D + Q 2 R L D Q y dy L I dl I ] + ] 2 Q dl I + L D L I We assume that dc D /dl I = 0 and that dy/dl I = 0, given that y is assumed exogenous 24 / 56
25 Conceptual Framework We can then rearrange the remaining terms to be dl D = [ Q L D Q L I 2 R Q 2 + R Q [ ( Q L D ) 2 2 R Q 2 + R Q ] 2 Q L D L I 2 Q L 2 D ]dl I Given our assumptions, the denominator is positive The relationship between dl D and dl I will be positive only if 2 Q L D L I > 0 and is suffi ciently large to offset the magnitude of the (negative) first term in the summation of the numerator 25 / 56
26 Conceptual Framework We can then rearrange the remaining terms to be dl D = [ Q L D Q L I 2 R Q 2 + R Q [ ( Q L D ) 2 2 R Q 2 + R Q ] 2 Q L D L I 2 Q L 2 D ]dl I This makes sense intuitively if domestic and immigrant worker employment are complementary and suffi ciently strong to overcome the concavity of the revenue function, then we should see a positive relationship between growth in domestic employment and growth in immigrant employment in the data 26 / 56
27 OLS Estimations 27 / 56
28 Following the results from the conceptual framework we consider the following specification Y f,t = β ln(emp YSI f,t ) + δ X f,t + η i,t + ε f,t, Firm f, sector i, year t ln(empf YSI,t ) is the log number of young skilled immigrants employed in year t by firm f Y f,t is the outcome variable of interest X f,t is a vector of firm-year controls η i,t are sector-year fixed effects 28 / 56
29 Firm-Year Controls X f,t Local area controls calculate firm s initial employment across counties and then weight county trends by these shares: LEHD employment, immigrant share, and share of workers over 40 (Card) "Supply-Push" controls Calculate each firm s initial skilled immigrant distribution across 12 geographic groups (Europe, Latin America, etc.). Then interact this with the growth of skilled immigrants at the national level, weighting by the initial distribution. Do the same for low skilled workers. (Card) Age-education controls calculate firm s initial employment distribution across 6 age-education cells (young, old; HS or less, some college, college or more) and interact this with national growth in skilled immigration in these categories (Borjas) 29 / 56
30 Table: OLS Estimations Log employment of skilled worker group: Older natives Young natives Older immigrants Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.021) (0.020) (0.045) 30 / 56
31 Table: OLS Estimations Log total Older skilled Older native skilled skilled emp. worker share worker share Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.020) (0.003) (0.003) 31 / 56
32 IV Estimations 32 / 56
33 Instrumental Variable Estimations While the OLS estimations account for fixed effects and a wide variety of additional controls, there still may be omitted factors driving the results We now turn to an IV approach that uses large changes in national high skilled immigration policy 33 / 56
34 Instrumental Variable Estimations Specifically, we take advantage of changes in the limit on H-1B visas H-1B is a non-immigrant visa Category governing high-skilled immigration Employment in "specialty occupations" Employer is responsible for visa application Three-year visa, renewable once Prevailing wage requirement Cap on visa issuances since 1990 Computer-related and SE occupations ( 60%) Large percentage coming from India ( 40%) or China ( 10%) 34 / 56
35 H-1B National Trends 35 / 56
36 Instrumental Variable Estimations We instrument for ln(emp YSI f,t ) with Dep f,t0 ln (H 1BPop t ) where Dep f,t0 is a measure of how likely they are to find and hire H-1B visa holders (or the firm s "dependency" on high-skilled immigrants) The results we consider here measure the variable Dep f,t0 with the firm s initial share of skilled immigrant workers that were born in India and China. This is similar to Card s (2001) approach except the dependency is at the firm rather than city level. It takes advantage of the fact that high skilled immigrants from these countries are likely to go to firms where there are already high skilled immigrants from their own countries The first stage F statistic is / 56
37 Table: IV Estimations Using the Chinese and Indian Worker Dependency Log employment of skilled worker group: Older natives Young natives Older immigrants Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.115) (0.083) (0.104) 37 / 56
38 Table: IV Estimations Using the Chinese and Indian Worker Dependency Log total Older skilled Older native skilled skilled emp. worker share worker share Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.081) (0.022) (0.022) 38 / 56
39 Instrumental Variable Estimations We also considered two alternative instruments, interacting the change in the log national H-1B population with The log ratio of the firm s LCAs (H-1B applications) to its skilled employment in 2001 Share of the firm s workforce in STEM occupations We come to similar conclusions with these instruments We also consider similar IV estimations controlling for changes in medium-skilled employment. This approach is somewhat more robust and yields similar magnitudes. 39 / 56
40 Interpretation If high skilled immigrants are unique inputs (especially at the high end), then being able to hire more could expand firm market share and lead to greater use of citizen workers (relation to trade literature, innovation). It could be that immigrants and citizen workers are substitutes within occupation categories but are complements across categories. 40 / 56
41 Conclusions Total skilled employment expands with the hiring of highly skilled immigrants Employment expansion is larger for young skilled natives relative to older natives 41 / 56
42 Thank You 42 / 56
43 Appendix 43 / 56
44 Diffi culties in Constructing Firms The primary basis in the LEHD for identifying employer-employee linkages is the state employer identification number (SEIN) that identifies individual establishments. The BRB includes for each SEIN the associated federal EIN and Census Bureau firm identifier by year. From the BRB, we collect the SEINs that are associated with our firms at any point in time. 44 / 56
45 Diffi culties in Constructing Firms This collection of complete SEIN records is important as firms occasionally change SEINs for reasons unrelated to our interests, and these legal adjustments could otherwise be confused with actual changes in the company s employment dynamics. With the collected SEINs, we then prepare the employment records for our firm sample. We need each SEIN to be uniquely associated with a firm, and therefore we research any overlapping identifiers and assign them to the appropriate company. As many of our firms are multi-establishment companies, on average our composite firms contain roughly 200 SEINs. 45 / 56
46 Firm Sample Sample: 319 firms Older natives are 50% of skilled group Younger natives are 31% of skilled group Immigrants are 19% of skilled group Hiring and departing rate of 13-14% per year 46 / 56
47 Firm Sample Sector distribution within LEHD: Manufacturing: 30% Wholesale and retail trade: 25% FIRE and services: 30% Other sectors: 15% 47 / 56
48 OLS Robustness Similar results when Controlling for changes in medium skilled immigration When considering the subsample of just top patenting firms Considering different weighting strategies Using a firm-state approach using all 29 states Raising the threshold to 66% employment in LEHD states Splitting the sample by the long-term growth rates of the firms Setting minimum employment thresholds for companies Using alternative definitions of skilled workers 48 / 56
49 IV Robustness Similar results when When considering the subsample of just top patenting firms Using a balanced panel Dropping major M&A firms Dropping firms that lobby about immigration Splitting the sample across industries 49 / 56
50 STEM Match CPS collects employment data from a random group of workers in the US every year A bridge between the CPS and LEHD has been established Ascertain the occupations of over 25k workers in our firm sample at the time of their inclusion in the CPS survey Share of the firm s workforce in STEM occupations measured in the first three years where matched employees are observed, which may be later than the typical initial period. Winsorize these shares at the 5% and 95% values. 50 / 56
51 Table: IV Estimations Using STEM Occupation Share Dependency Log employment of skilled worker group: Older natives Young natives Older immigrants Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.261) (0.170) (0.297) 51 / 56
52 Table: IV Estimations Using STEM Occupation Share Dependency Log total Older skilled Older native skilled skilled emp. worker share worker share Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.167) (0.057) (0.049) 52 / 56
53 Table: IV Estimations Using the Chinese and Indian Worker Dependency with Medium Skilled Workforce Control Log employment of skilled worker group: Older natives Young natives Older immigrants Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.098) (0.077) (0.098) 53 / 56
54 Table: IV Estimations Using the Chinese and Indian Worker Dependency with Medium Skilled Workforce Control Log total Older skilled Older native skilled skilled emp. worker share worker share Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.071) (0.018) (0.020) 54 / 56
55 Table: IV Estimations Using the Chinese and Indian Worker Dependency with Medium-Skilled Workforce Control and H-1B Cap Summations Log employment of skilled worker group: Older natives Young natives Older immigrants Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.109) (0.091) (0.135) 55 / 56
56 Table: IV Estimations Using the Chinese and Indian Worker Dependency with Medium Skilled Workforce Control and H-1B Cap Summations Log total Older skilled Older native skilled skilled emp. worker share worker share Log employment of young skilled immigrants (0.078) (0.024) (0.026) 56 / 56
Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of U.S. Firms. By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr & William F. Lincoln
Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of U.S. Firms By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr & William F. Lincoln William Davidson Institute Working Paper Number 1071 January 2014 Skilled Immigration
More informationImmigrants Inflows, Native outflows, and the Local Labor Market Impact of Higher Immigration David Card
Immigrants Inflows, Native outflows, and the Local Labor Market Impact of Higher Immigration David Card Mehdi Akhbari, Ali Choubdaran 1 Table of Contents Introduction Theoretical Framework limitation of
More informationDo (naturalized) immigrants affect employment and wages of natives? Evidence from Germany
Do (naturalized) immigrants affect employment and wages of natives? Evidence from Germany Carsten Pohl 1 15 September, 2008 Extended Abstract Since the beginning of the 1990s Germany has experienced a
More informationVolume 35, Issue 1. An examination of the effect of immigration on income inequality: A Gini index approach
Volume 35, Issue 1 An examination of the effect of immigration on income inequality: A Gini index approach Brian Hibbs Indiana University South Bend Gihoon Hong Indiana University South Bend Abstract This
More informationNew Evidence on the Earnings Growth of Foreignborn Workers in the United States,
New Evidence on the Earnings Growth of Foreignborn Workers in the United States, 1978-2012 PLEASE DO NOT CITE Any opinions expressed herein are those of the author and not those of the Social Security
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EFFECT OF IMMIGRATION ON NATIVE SELF-EMPLOYMENT. Robert W. Fairlie Bruce D. Meyer
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EFFECT OF IMMIGRATION ON NATIVE SELF-EMPLOYMENT Robert W. Fairlie Bruce D. Meyer Working Paper 7561 http://www.nber.org/papers/w7561 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050
More informationImmigration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database
Immigration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database Abstract Feng Hou,* Wulong Gu and Garnett Picot Feng.hou@canada.ca Statistics Canada March, 2018 Previous
More informationImmigrant Legalization
Technical Appendices Immigrant Legalization Assessing the Labor Market Effects Laura Hill Magnus Lofstrom Joseph Hayes Contents Appendix A. Data from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey Appendix B. Measuring
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE LABOR MARKET IMPACT OF HIGH-SKILL IMMIGRATION. George J. Borjas. Working Paper
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE LABOR MARKET IMPACT OF HIGH-SKILL IMMIGRATION George J. Borjas Working Paper 11217 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11217 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HOMEOWNERSHIP IN THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION. George J. Borjas. Working Paper
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HOMEOWNERSHIP IN THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION George J. Borjas Working Paper 8945 http://www.nber.org/papers/w8945 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,
More informationResearch Report. How Does Trade Liberalization Affect Racial and Gender Identity in Employment? Evidence from PostApartheid South Africa
International Affairs Program Research Report How Does Trade Liberalization Affect Racial and Gender Identity in Employment? Evidence from PostApartheid South Africa Report Prepared by Bilge Erten Assistant
More informationSmall Employers, Large Employers and the Skill Premium
Small Employers, Large Employers and the Skill Premium January 2016 Damir Stijepic Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz Abstract I document the comovement of the skill premium with the differential employer
More informationIMMIGRATION AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY. Giovanni Peri UC Davis Jan 22-23, 2015
1 IMMIGRATION AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY Giovanni Peri UC Davis Jan 22-23, 2015 Looking for a starting point we can agree on 2 Complex issue, because of many effects and confounding factors. Let s start from
More informationTHE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION ON IMMIGRATION
THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION ON IMMIGRATION November 2014 Updated February 2015 Updated February 2015 In February 2015, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published a final rule
More informationTHE STATE OF THE UNIONS IN 2011: A PROFILE OF UNION MEMBERSHIP IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA AND THE NATION 1
THE STATE OF THE UNIONS IN 2011: A PROFILE OF UNION MEMBERSHIP IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA AND THE NATION 1 Lauren D. Appelbaum UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment 2 Ben Zipperer University
More informationWage Structure and Gender Earnings Differentials in China and. India*
Wage Structure and Gender Earnings Differentials in China and India* Jong-Wha Lee # Korea University Dainn Wie * National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies September 2015 * Lee: Economics Department,
More informationWage Trends among Disadvantaged Minorities
National Poverty Center Working Paper Series #05-12 August 2005 Wage Trends among Disadvantaged Minorities George J. Borjas Harvard University This paper is available online at the National Poverty Center
More informationRecent Immigrants as Labor Market Arbitrageurs: Evidence from the Minimum Wage
Recent Immigrants as Labor Market Arbitrageurs: Evidence from the Minimum Wage Brian C. Cadena University of Colorado - Boulder Revised Version: October 2013 Abstract This paper investigates the local
More informationThe China Syndrome. Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States. David H. Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon H.
The China Syndrome Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States David H. Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon H. Hanson AER, 2013 presented by Federico Curci April 9, 2014 Autor, Dorn,
More informationWorld of Labor. John V. Winters Oklahoma State University, USA, and IZA, Germany. Cons. Pros
John V. Winters Oklahoma State University, USA, and IZA, Germany Do higher levels of education and skills in an area benefit wider society? Education benefits individuals, but the societal benefits are
More informationHigh-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Market: Evidence from the H-1B Visa Program
High-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Market: Evidence from the H-1B Visa Program Patrick S. Turner University of Colorado Boulder December 30, 2017 Job Market Paper for most recent version, please visit
More informationDo immigrants take or create residents jobs? Quasi-experimental evidence from Switzerland
Do immigrants take or create residents jobs? Quasi-experimental evidence from Switzerland Michael Siegenthaler and Christoph Basten KOF, ETH Zurich January 2014 January 2014 1 Introduction Introduction:
More informationImmigrant Employment and Earnings Growth in Canada and the U.S.: Evidence from Longitudinal data
Immigrant Employment and Earnings Growth in Canada and the U.S.: Evidence from Longitudinal data Neeraj Kaushal, Columbia University Yao Lu, Columbia University Nicole Denier, McGill University Julia Wang,
More informationSocialSecurityEligibilityandtheLaborSuplyofOlderImigrants. George J. Borjas Harvard University
SocialSecurityEligibilityandtheLaborSuplyofOlderImigrants George J. Borjas Harvard University February 2010 1 SocialSecurityEligibilityandtheLaborSuplyofOlderImigrants George J. Borjas ABSTRACT The employment
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RECENT TRENDS IN THE EARNINGS OF NEW IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES. George J. Borjas Rachel M.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RECENT TRENDS IN THE EARNINGS OF NEW IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES George J. Borjas Rachel M. Friedberg Working Paper 15406 http://www.nber.org/papers/w15406 NATIONAL BUREAU
More informationTrade Liberalization in India: Impact on Gender Segregation
Trade Liberalization in India: Impact on Gender Segregation ARTNeT/UNDP Workshop on Trade and Gender Linkages 15 th -17 th September 2010 Shilpi Kapur The Energy and Resources Institute OVERVIEW Motivation
More informationLECTURE 10 Labor Markets. April 1, 2015
Economics 210A Spring 2015 Christina Romer David Romer LECTURE 10 Labor Markets April 1, 2015 I. OVERVIEW Issues and Papers Broadly the functioning of labor markets and the determinants and effects of
More informationEPI BRIEFING PAPER. Immigration and Wages Methodological advancements confirm modest gains for native workers. Executive summary
EPI BRIEFING PAPER Economic Policy Institute February 4, 2010 Briefing Paper #255 Immigration and Wages Methodological advancements confirm modest gains for native workers By Heidi Shierholz Executive
More informationUnion Members and Gainful Workers in Los Angeles, 1930 to 1950
FIGURE 1.1 1000 800 Union Members and Gainful Workers in Los Angeles, 1930 to 1950 Gainful Workers Union Members (Thousands) 600 400 200 0 1930 1933 1934 1935 1938 1939 1940 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948
More informationPatrick Adler and Chris Tilly Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, UCLA. Ben Zipperer University of Massachusetts, Amherst
THE STATE OF THE UNIONS IN 2013 A PROFILE OF UNION MEMBERSHIP IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA AND THE NATION 1 Patrick Adler and Chris Tilly Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, UCLA Ben Zipperer
More informationTHE STATE OF THE UNIONS IN 2009: A PROFILE OF UNION MEMBERSHIP IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA AND THE NATION 1
THE STATE OF THE UNIONS IN 2009: A PROFILE OF UNION MEMBERSHIP IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA AND THE NATION 1 Lauren D. Appelbaum UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Ben Zipperer University
More informationRemittances and the Wage Impact of Immigration
Remittances and the Wage Impact of Immigration William W. Olney 1 First Draft: November 2011 Revised: June 2012 Abstract This paper examines the impact of immigrant remittances on the wages of native workers
More informationThe wage gap between the public and the private sector among. Canadian-born and immigrant workers
The wage gap between the public and the private sector among Canadian-born and immigrant workers By Kaiyu Zheng (Student No. 8169992) Major paper presented to the Department of Economics of the University
More informationThe Impact of Unionization on the Wage of Hispanic Workers. Cinzia Rienzo and Carlos Vargas-Silva * This Version, December 2014.
The Impact of Unionization on the Wage of Hispanic Workers Cinzia Rienzo and Carlos Vargas-Silva * This Version, December 2014 Abstract This paper explores the role of unionization on the wages of Hispanic
More informationImpacts of International Migration on the Labor Market in Japan
Impacts of International Migration on the Labor Market in Japan Jiro Nakamura Nihon University This paper introduces an empirical analysis on three key points: (i) whether the introduction of foreign workers
More informationComputerization and Immigration: Theory and Evidence from the United States 1
Computerization and Immigration: Theory and Evidence from the United States 1 Gaetano Basso (Banca d Italia), Giovanni Peri (UC Davis and NBER), Ahmed Rahman (USNA) BdI-CEPR Conference, Roma - March 16th,
More informationExplaining the Unexplained: Residual Wage Inequality, Manufacturing Decline, and Low-Skilled Immigration. Unfinished Draft Not for Circulation
Explaining the Unexplained: Residual Wage Inequality, Manufacturing Decline, and Low-Skilled Immigration Unfinished Draft Not for Circulation October 2014 Eric D. Gould Department of Economics The Hebrew
More informationBrain Drain and Emigration: How Do They Affect Source Countries?
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Honors Research Projects The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College Spring 2019 Brain Drain and Emigration: How Do They Affect Source Countries? Nicholas
More informationImmigrant-native wage gaps in time series: Complementarities or composition effects?
Immigrant-native wage gaps in time series: Complementarities or composition effects? Joakim Ruist Department of Economics University of Gothenburg Box 640 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden joakim.ruist@economics.gu.se
More informationThe Impact of Immigration on Wages of Unskilled Workers
The Impact of Immigration on Wages of Unskilled Workers Giovanni Peri Immigrants did not contribute to the national decline in wages at the national level for native-born workers without a college education.
More informationThe foreign born are more geographically concentrated than the native population.
The Foreign-Born Population in the United States Population Characteristics March 1999 Issued August 2000 P20-519 This report describes the foreign-born population in the United States in 1999. It provides
More informationAbstract/Policy Abstract
Gary Burtless* Gary Burtless is a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. The research reported herein was performed under a grant from the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) funded as part
More informationImpact of Immigration: Disruptive or Helpful?
DABE September Meeting Denver, CO September 21, 2016 Impact of Immigration: Disruptive or Helpful? Pia Orrenius, Ph.D. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of
More informationThe Effect of Ethnic Residential Segregation on Wages of Migrant Workers in Australia
The Effect of Ethnic Residential Segregation on Wages of Migrant Workers in Australia Mathias G. Sinning Australian National University and IZA Bonn Matthias Vorell RWI Essen March 2009 PRELIMINARY DO
More informationWhyHasUrbanInequalityIncreased?
WhyHasUrbanInequalityIncreased? Nathaniel Baum-Snow, Brown University Matthew Freedman, Cornell University Ronni Pavan, Royal Holloway-University of London June, 2014 Abstract The increase in wage inequality
More informationGains from "Diversity": Theory and Evidence from Immigration in U.S. Cities
Gains from "Diversity": Theory and Evidence from Immigration in U.S. Cities GianmarcoI.P.Ottaviano,(Universita dibolognaandcepr) Giovanni Peri, (UC Davis, UCLA and NBER) March, 2005 Preliminary Abstract
More information5A. Wage Structures in the Electronics Industry. Benjamin A. Campbell and Vincent M. Valvano
5A.1 Introduction 5A. Wage Structures in the Electronics Industry Benjamin A. Campbell and Vincent M. Valvano Over the past 2 years, wage inequality in the U.S. economy has increased rapidly. In this chapter,
More informationEXAMINATION 3 VERSION B "Wage Structure, Mobility, and Discrimination" April 19, 2018
William M. Boal Signature: Printed name: EXAMINATION 3 VERSION B "Wage Structure, Mobility, and Discrimination" April 19, 2018 INSTRUCTIONS: This exam is closed-book, closed-notes. Simple calculators are
More informationThe Impact of Unionization on the Wage of Hispanic Workers. Cinzia Rienzo and Carlos Vargas-Silva * This Version, May 2015.
The Impact of Unionization on the Wage of Hispanic Workers Cinzia Rienzo and Carlos Vargas-Silva * This Version, May 2015 Abstract This paper explores the role of unionization on the wages of Hispanic
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE MEASURED BLACK-WHITE WAGE GAP AMONG WOMEN IS TOO SMALL. Derek Neal. Working Paper 9133
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE MEASURED BLACK-WHITE WAGE GAP AMONG WOMEN IS TOO SMALL Derek Neal Working Paper 9133 http://www.nber.org/papers/w9133 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts
More informationTransitions to Work for Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Groups
Transitions to Work for Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Groups Deborah Reed Christopher Jepsen Laura E. Hill Public Policy Institute of California Preliminary draft, comments welcome Draft date: March 1,
More informationRethinking the Area Approach: Immigrants and the Labor Market in California,
Rethinking the Area Approach: Immigrants and the Labor Market in California, 1960-2005. Giovanni Peri, (University of California Davis, CESifo and NBER) October, 2009 Abstract A recent series of influential
More informationIMMIGRATION IN HIGH-SKILL LABOR MARKETS: THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN STUDENTS ON THE EARNINGS OF DOCTORATES. George J. Borjas Harvard University
IMMIGRATION IN HIGH-SKILL LABOR MARKETS: THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN STUDENTS ON THE EARNINGS OF DOCTORATES George J. Borjas Harvard University April 2004 1 IMMIGRATION IN HIGH-SKILL LABOR MARKETS: THE IMPACT
More informationThe impact of party affiliation of US governors on immigrants labor market outcomes
J Popul Econ DOI 10.1007/s00148-017-0663-y ORIGINAL PAPER The impact of party affiliation of US governors on immigrants labor market outcomes Louis-Philippe Beland 1 Bulent Unel 1 Received: 15 September
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SCHOOLING SUPPLY AND THE STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM US STATES Antonio Ciccone Giovanni Peri
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SCHOOLING SUPPLY AND THE STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM US STATES 1950-1990 Antonio Ciccone Giovanni Peri Working Paper 17683 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17683 NATIONAL
More informationHow do rigid labor markets absorb immigration? Evidence from France
Edo IZA Journal of Migration (2016) 5:7 DOI 10.1186/s40176-016-0055-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access How do rigid labor markets absorb immigration? Evidence from France Anthony Edo Correspondence: anthony.edo@
More informationImmigration and Internal Mobility in Canada Appendices A and B. Appendix A: Two-step Instrumentation strategy: Procedure and detailed results
Immigration and Internal Mobility in Canada Appendices A and B by Michel Beine and Serge Coulombe This version: February 2016 Appendix A: Two-step Instrumentation strategy: Procedure and detailed results
More informationCase Evidence: Blacks, Hispanics, and Immigrants
Case Evidence: Blacks, Hispanics, and Immigrants Spring 2010 Rosburg (ISU) Case Evidence: Blacks, Hispanics, and Immigrants Spring 2010 1 / 48 Blacks CASE EVIDENCE: BLACKS Rosburg (ISU) Case Evidence:
More informationSelf-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants
Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants George Borjas (1987) Omid Ghaderi & Ali Yadegari April 7, 2018 George Borjas (1987) GSME, Applied Economics Seminars April 7, 2018 1 / 24 Abstract The age-earnings
More informationJob Displacement Over the Business Cycle,
cepr CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND POLICY RESEARCH Briefing Paper Job Displacement Over the Business Cycle, 1991-2001 John Schmitt 1 June 2004 CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND POLICY RESEARCH 1611 CONNECTICUT AVE., NW,
More informationImmigrants earning in Canada: Age at immigration and acculturation
UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA Immigrants earning in Canada: Age at immigration and acculturation By: Ying Meng (6937176) Major Paper presented to the Department of Economics of the University of Ottawa in partial
More informationImmigration and the U.S. Economy
Immigration and the U.S. Economy Pia M. Orrenius, Ph.D. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas June 19, 2007 Mercatus Center, George Mason University Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the presenter;
More informationOnline Appendix. Capital Account Opening and Wage Inequality. Mauricio Larrain Columbia University. October 2014
Online Appendix Capital Account Opening and Wage Inequality Mauricio Larrain Columbia University October 2014 A.1 Additional summary statistics Tables 1 and 2 in the main text report summary statistics
More informationInequality in the Labor Market for Native American Women and the Great Recession
Inequality in the Labor Market for Native American Women and the Great Recession Jeffrey D. Burnette Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Co-Director, Native American
More informationSTATEMENT OF PATRICIA A. BUCKLEY, PH.D. SENIOR ECONOMIC ADVISOR U.S
STATEMENT OF PATRICIA A. BUCKLEY, PH.D. SENIOR ECONOMIC ADVISOR U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BEFORE THE HOUSE JUDICIARY SUBCOMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION, CITIZENSHIP, REFUGEES, BORDER SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL
More informationOnline Appendix: Robustness Tests and Migration. Means
VOL. VOL NO. ISSUE EMPLOYMENT, WAGES AND VOTER TURNOUT Online Appendix: Robustness Tests and Migration Means Online Appendix Table 1 presents the summary statistics of turnout for the five types of elections
More informationExplaining the Unexplained: Residual Wage Inequality, Manufacturing Decline, and Low-Skilled Immigration
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 9107 Explaining the Unexplained: Residual Wage Inequality, Manufacturing Decline, and Low-Skilled Immigration Eric D. Gould June 2015 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der
More informationLabor Market Dropouts and Trends in the Wages of Black and White Men
Industrial & Labor Relations Review Volume 56 Number 4 Article 5 2003 Labor Market Dropouts and Trends in the Wages of Black and White Men Chinhui Juhn University of Houston Recommended Citation Juhn,
More informationThe Economic and Social Review, Vol. 42, No. 1, Spring, 2011, pp. 1 26
The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 42, No. 1, Spring, 2011, pp. 1 26 Estimating the Impact of Immigration on Wages in Ireland ALAN BARRETT* ADELE BERGIN ELISH KELLY Economic and Social Research Institute,
More informationDoes Immigration Raise or Lower Taxes?
Does Immigration Raise or Lower Taxes? Demography 175 Tuesday, April 2, 2018 Gretchen Donehower, UC Berkeley Demography 1997 2016 Thanks to Dr. Francine Blau, Chair of the 2016 Panel, for use of several
More informationHoney, Robots Shrunk My Wage! Native-Immigrant Wage Gaps and Skill Biased Technological Change
Honey, Robots Shrunk My Wage! Native-Immigrant Wage Gaps and Skill Biased Technological Change Tao Song University of Connecticut October, 2016 Abstract Gaps between native and immigrant wages in the U.S.
More informationRESEARCH BRIEF: The State of Black Workers before the Great Recession By Sylvia Allegretto and Steven Pitts 1
July 23, 2010 Introduction RESEARCH BRIEF: The State of Black Workers before the Great Recession By Sylvia Allegretto and Steven Pitts 1 When first inaugurated, President Barack Obama worked to end the
More informationGeorge J. Borjas Harvard University. September 2008
IMMIGRATION AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES IN THE NATIVE ELDERLY POPULATION George J. Borjas Harvard University September 2008 This research was supported by the U.S. Social Security Administration through
More informationPotential Economic Impacts in Oregon of Implementing Proposed Department of Homeland Security No Match Immigration Rules
Potential Economic Impacts in Oregon of Implementing Proposed Department of Homeland Security No Match Immigration Rules Prepared by: William K. Jaeger, Ph.D. Professor Department of Agricultural and Resource
More informationPolicy brief ARE WE RECOVERING YET? JOBS AND WAGES IN CALIFORNIA OVER THE PERIOD ARINDRAJIT DUBE, PH.D. Executive Summary AUGUST 31, 2005
Policy brief ARE WE RECOVERING YET? JOBS AND WAGES IN CALIFORNIA OVER THE 2000-2005 PERIOD ARINDRAJIT DUBE, PH.D. AUGUST 31, 2005 Executive Summary This study uses household survey data and payroll data
More informationABSTRACT...2 INTRODUCTION...2 LITERATURE REVIEW...3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND...6 ECONOMETRIC MODELING...7 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS...9 RESULTS...
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...2 INTRODUCTION...2 LITERATURE REVIEW...3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND...6 ECONOMETRIC MODELING...7 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS...9 RESULTS...10 LIMITATIONS/FUTURE RESEARCH...11 CONCLUSION...12
More informationFamily Ties, Labor Mobility and Interregional Wage Differentials*
Family Ties, Labor Mobility and Interregional Wage Differentials* TODD L. CHERRY, Ph.D.** Department of Economics and Finance University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071-3985 PETE T. TSOURNOS, Ph.D. Pacific
More informationOutsourcing Household Production: Effects of Foreign Domestic Helpers on Native Labor Supply in Hong Kong
Outsourcing Household Production: Effects of Foreign Domestic Helpers on Native Labor Supply in Hong Kong Patricia Cortes Jessica Pan University of Chicago Graduate School of Business October 31, 2008
More informationIS THE MEASURED BLACK-WHITE WAGE GAP AMONG WOMEN TOO SMALL? Derek Neal University of Wisconsin Presented Nov 6, 2000 PRELIMINARY
IS THE MEASURED BLACK-WHITE WAGE GAP AMONG WOMEN TOO SMALL? Derek Neal University of Wisconsin Presented Nov 6, 2000 PRELIMINARY Over twenty years ago, Butler and Heckman (1977) raised the possibility
More information14.54 International Trade Lecture 23: Factor Mobility (I) Labor Migration
14.54 International Trade Lecture 23: Factor Mobility (I) Labor Migration 14.54 Week 14 Fall 2016 14.54 (Week 14) Labor Migration Fall 2016 1 / 26 Today s Plan 1 2 3 One-Good Model of Migration Two-Good
More informationI'll Marry You If You Get Me a Job: Marital Assimilation and Immigrant Employment Rates
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 3951 I'll Marry You If You Get Me a Job: Marital Assimilation and Immigrant Employment Rates Delia Furtado Nikolaos Theodoropoulos January 2009 Forschungsinstitut zur
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MEXICAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARISON OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MEXICAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARISON OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES Robert Fairlie Christopher Woodruff Working Paper 11527 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11527
More informationDoes Immigration Harm Native-Born Workers? A Citizen's Guide
Does Immigration Harm Native-Born Workers? A Citizen's Guide Don Mathews, Director, Reg Murphy Center and Professor of Economics, College of Coastal Georgia* April 17, 2016 *School of Business and Public
More informationGender preference and age at arrival among Asian immigrant women to the US
Gender preference and age at arrival among Asian immigrant women to the US Ben Ost a and Eva Dziadula b a Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 601 South Morgan UH718 M/C144 Chicago,
More informationPRELIMINARY DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE
Health Insurance and Labor Supply among Recent Immigrants following the 1996 Welfare Reform: Examining the Effect of the Five-Year Residency Requirement Amy M. Gass Kandilov PhD Candidate Department of
More informationDO IMMIGRANTS BENEFIT FROM AN INCREASE IN THE MINIMUM WAGE RATE? AN ANALYSIS BY IMMIGRANT INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION
DO IMMIGRANTS BENEFIT FROM AN INCREASE IN THE MINIMUM WAGE RATE? AN ANALYSIS BY IMMIGRANT INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION KALENA E. CORTES* * Kalena E. Cortes is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Office of Population
More informationImmigrant Earnings Growth: Selection Bias or Real Progress?
Catalogue no. 11F0019M No. 340 ISSN 1205-9153 ISBN 978-1-100-20222-8 Research Paper Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series Immigrant Earnings Growth: Selection Bias or Real Progress? by Garnett
More informationImmigration and property prices: Evidence from England and Wales
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Immigration and property prices: Evidence from England and Wales Nils Braakmann Newcastle University 29. August 2013 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49423/ MPRA
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TASK SPECIALIZATION, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, AND THE EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION ON WAGES. Giovanni Peri Chad Sparber
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TASK SPECIALIZATION, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, AND THE EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION ON WAGES Giovanni Peri Chad Sparber Working Paper 13389 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13389 NATIONAL
More informationEvaluating the Role of Immigration in U.S. Population Projections
Evaluating the Role of Immigration in U.S. Population Projections Stephen Tordella, Decision Demographics Steven Camarota, Center for Immigration Studies Tom Godfrey, Decision Demographics Nancy Wemmerus
More informationInvestigating the Effects of Migration on Economic Growth in Aging OECD Countries from
Bowdoin College Bowdoin Digital Commons Honors Projects Student Scholarship and Creative Work 5-2017 Investigating the Effects of Migration on Economic Growth in Aging OECD Countries from 1975-2015 Michael
More informationThe Effects of High-Skilled Immigrants on Natives Degree Attainment and Occupational Choices: An Analysis with Labor Market Equilibrium MURAT DEMIRCI*
The Effects of High-Skilled Immigrants on Natives Degree Attainment and Occupational Choices: An Analysis with Labor Market Equilibrium MURAT DEMIRCI* Abstract The share of college-educated immigrants
More informationEconomic Impacts of Immigration. Testimony of Harry J. Holzer Visiting Fellow, Urban Institute Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University
Economic Impacts of Immigration Testimony of Harry J. Holzer Visiting Fellow, Urban Institute Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University to the Committee on Education and the Workforce U.S. House
More informationThe Analytics of the Wage Effect of Immigration. George J. Borjas Harvard University September 2009
The Analytics of the Wage Effect of Immigration George J. Borjas Harvard University September 2009 1. The question Do immigrants alter the employment opportunities of native workers? After World War I,
More informationThis analysis confirms other recent research showing a dramatic increase in the education level of newly
CENTER FOR IMMIGRATION STUDIES April 2018 Better Educated, but Not Better Off A look at the education level and socioeconomic success of recent immigrants, to By Steven A. Camarota and Karen Zeigler This
More informationThe Labour Market Performance of Immigrant and. Canadian-born Workers by Age Groups. By Yulong Hou ( )
The Labour Market Performance of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers by Age Groups By Yulong Hou (7874222) Major paper presented to the Department of Economics of the University of Ottawa in partial fulfillment
More informationExplaining the Deteriorating Entry Earnings of Canada s Immigrant Cohorts:
Explaining the Deteriorating Entry Earnings of Canada s Immigrant Cohorts: 1966-2000 Abdurrahman Aydemir Family and Labour Studies Division Statistics Canada aydeabd@statcan.ca 613-951-3821 and Mikal Skuterud
More informationThe Shadow Value of Legal Status --A Hedonic Analysis of the Earnings of U.S. Farm Workers 1
The Shadow Value of Legal Status --A Hedonic Analysis of the Earnings of U.S. Farm Workers 1 June, 3 rd, 2013 Sun Ling Wang 2 Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Daniel Carroll Employment
More informationCROSS-COUNTRY VARIATION IN THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: CANADA, MEXICO, AND THE UNITED STATES
CROSS-COUNTRY VARIATION IN THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: CANADA, MEXICO, AND THE UNITED STATES Abdurrahman Aydemir Statistics Canada George J. Borjas Harvard University Abstract Using data drawn
More informationChapter 10. U.S. High-Skill Immigration
Chapter 10 U.S. High-Skill Immigration John Bound and Sarah Turner I mmigration in the United States is characterized by twin peaks (Johnson and Slaughter 2001): disproportionately high concentrations
More information