Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

Transcription

1 Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

2 Regional Economies Create Differences

3 Samuel Slater brought the Water Frame to Rhode Island from Great Britain in It was used to spin raw cotton into cotton thread 1814 Francis Lowell opened several textile mills in Massachusetts. Used mainly women and children as labor because they worked for less

4 It begins in the early 1800 s for several reasons; Free Enterprise Passage of Incorporation Laws Mainly in the Northeast because of the swift moving rivers, entrepreneurs and labor force Embargo Act and War of 1812 provided the motivation to step out on our own

5 In the early 1800 s farming was the country s leading economic activity Farming was more important in the South rather than the North because of the lack of many large cities and industry in the South

6 Importation of Slaves was outlawed in 1808 Female slaves were forced to bear children Some worked in factories or were skilled labor but most worked the fields of the South Task System was taken over by the Gang System Cotton Gin

7 Creating a new National Bank Protect American Manufacturers from foreign competition Improve transportation to link the country together

8 1816 Congress passed the Tariff of 1816 To protect American Manufacturers from foreign competition Taxed imports to drive up the prices so people would buy American made goods

9 In the north during the early 1800 s a transportation revolution occurred In 1806 Congress funded the building of the National Road. First major east-west highway This included the building of the Erie Canal This leads to great social and economic changes

10 Eli Whitney Developed the idea of interchangeable parts Will move America from a Cottage Industry setting to a full involvement in the Industrial Revolution Inventor of the Cotton Gin Led to an increase in slavery in the South

11 Southern economy still tied to several cash crops 1793 the Cotton Gin changes the southern economy Between the number of enslaved in the South tripled

12 The South chose not to industrialize as the North was doing because they felt the land was more valuable for growing cotton There was some industry in the South... Coal, iron, salt, copper mines, ironworks and textile mills Region was heavily dependent on imported goods Three major cities: New Orleans, Charleston and Baltimore

13 After the War of 1812 Americans had a sense of National pride They felt more loyalty to the United States than to their region The Monroe Presidency is referred to the Era of Good Feelings Only one political party had any power and that was the Democratic- Republicans

14 Section 2

15 Most highway or road projects were funded by state or local investors 1807 the Steamboat Clermont designed and built by Robert Fulton traveled upstream on the Hudson river First railroad steam engine was built by Peter Cooper. It was named Tom Thumb and was the beginning of an Industrial revolution in America

16 Between 1816 and 1824 Chief Justice John Marshall will rule in three cases that establishes the power of the federal government over the states Martin vs. Hunter s Lessee: Established the Supreme Court as the nation s final court of appeal McCulloch vs. Maryland: Second National Bank is Constitutional (necessary and proper clause) and state governments could not interfere with an agency of the federal government exercising its constitutional powers within a state Gibbons vs. Ogden: Federal government has control over interstate commerce

17 The Seminole Indians, under the leadership of Kinache, used Florida as a base of operations to attack southern plantations in Georgia and South Carolina (encouraged by the British pirates using Florida as a base) The United States could not invade Florida as it was Spanish held territory 1818 Andrew Jackson did invade Florida and removed the Spanish governor from power and executed British Privateers who were encouraging the natives to attack Jackson also tracked down and eliminated the Seminole enough to where they were no longer a major force

18 Nationalism influenced the nation to expand its borders and assert itself in world affairs We settled problems with Great Britain and military ships on the Great Lakes Settled disputes with Britain concerning our northern boarder Early 1800 s slaves were running away to Spanish held Florida- angering many Southern slave owners

19 In 1819 Spain will cede all of Florida to the United States and finalize the western border of the United States from the Louisiana Territory purchase By 1824 all of Spain s colonies on the America mainland had declared independence

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21 Strong Foreign Policy statement directed to Europe Concerned over boarder disputes and Russia moving down into the Oregon Territory Actually written by John Quincy Adams We settle many of our disputes

22 1819 Missouri applies for statehood as a Slave state Illinois coming in as a Free State and before the dispute is settled with Missouri, Alabama is admitted as a Slave State It would unbalance the power within the Senate, Admit Maine as a Free state and Missouri as a Slave Establish the line

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24 This momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. - Thomas Jefferson

25 Section 3

26 The Favorite Sons all from the Republican Party Men who had the support of leaders from their own state and region Henry Clay from Kentucky Andrew Jackson from Tennessee John Quincy Adams from Massachusetts William Crawford from Georgia

27 Of the four candidates Andrew Jackson won a majority of the popular vote but none held the necessary amount of Electoral votes needed for the election It goes to the House of Representatives for the vote. The candidate that received the fewest votes is eliminated, Henry Clay Clay throws his tremendous support behind Adams and because of it Adams wins the election Supporters of Andrew Jackson knew of a backroom deal by Adams to make Clay his Secretary of State This is referred to as the Corrupt Bargain

28 Son of the 2 nd President, very intelligent and hardworking Proposed a program that included... Improvements on the National Road, more canals, a national university, an astronomical observatory and funding for scientific research Congress approved money for the National Road and improving rivers and waterways- nothing else

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30 Probably the dirtiest Presidential election in American history The election quickly turns to trying to discredit the other candidate Personalities, morals and character were all attacked Jackson was a brute and incompetent Adams was an out of touch aristocrat

31 Thought to more represent the common man Wins by carrying the South and the West Heroic nature helped 56% of the popular vote and 178 of the 261 electoral votes

32 More men had gained the right to vote by the 1828 Election President Jackson believed in the participation of the average citizen in government He supported the Spoils System Extended Democracy Opened the government up to the average citizen

33 Thomas Jefferson, after the Louisiana Purchase, was the first President to suggest moving the Native Americans to the Great Plains In 1830 President Jackson supported the idea as well and gets Congress to pass the Indian Removal Act

34 A large number of Native Americans move west as they are encroached upon or persuaded by the United States government The Cherokee of Georgia did not want to move. They had adopted white customs, housing, traditions and even Christianity They sue the state of Georgia and the case will go all the way to the Supreme Court

35 Chief Justice John Marshall rules in favor of the Cherokee and ordered the state of Georgia to honor their property rights President Jackson had a different mindset he said... Marshall has made his decision-now let him enforce it.

36 President Martin Van Buren will be the President that orders what became known as the Trail of Tears However, it was Andrew Jackson that pushed this through Congress Thousands will die on the journey- one out of four from disease or exposure Most Americans favored the Indian Removal

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38 South Carolina imported most of its manufactured goods A new tariff, called the tariff of abominations by critics, threatened to raise those prices even higher As a result South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union

39 VP John C. Calhoun of South Carolina was torn between his loyalties He proposed the idea of nullification The issue was hotly debated in both houses of Congress Congress passed another tariff in 1832, this time South Carolina called a convention and declared both the tariff of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional

40 Jackson was not at all pleased with South Carolina and asked congress to pass the Force Bill- this authorizes the President to use military force to enforce the acts of Congress Henry Clay saves the day by pushing through a bill that would lower tariffs in two years

41 President Jackson opposed the Second National Bank because he said it was only for the wealthy The bank was responsible for maintaining the balance necessary to keep our money supply stable The bank prevented state banks from lending out too much moneythis keeps inflation in check Western settlers needed bank loans or easy credit to get started President Jackson vetoed a bill that would have extended the banks charter another 20 years During the 1832 election President Jackson stood firmly against the bank Most Americans agreed with Jackson and as a result of his win in 1832 Jackson removed federal monies from the National Bank and forced it to call its loans and stop lending This will bring about a devastating financial crisis in a few years

42 By the 1830 s a new political party has emerged, the Whigs, formed to oppose President Jackson Advocated expanding the federal government Encouraging commercial development The Whigs had a problem selecting a candidate for the 1836 election and ran three candidates President Jackson supported Martin Van Buren and he wins

43 The Panic of an economic crisis Thousands of farmers were forced to foreclose and unemployment soared Historians blame Jackson s economic policies for this crisis

44 The Whigs use the economic crisis to get their man in! Harrison delivers his inaugural address in bitter cold temperatures and catches pneumoniahe dies 32 days into office John Tyler is now President

45 More democratic in beliefs Opposed many Whig policies Faced issues with foreign countries, especially Great Britain Webster-Ashburton Treaty defined our northern boarder with Canada