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1 US 10: Bell Ringer 1. Take out a sheet of paper or start a new document in your ipad. 2. Title your paper/document: Bell Ringer Review Questions 3. Next, take out a new sheet of paper or start a new document in your ipad. 4. Title this paper/document: Unit 8 Homework/Classwork You should have 2 new papers/documents!

2 BR Review Question #1 The principal difficulty involved in Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory was that A) the Treasury did not have enough money to pay for it. B) the Federalists appeared to have enough votes to defeat it in Congress. C) most Americans were either apathetic or opposed to the purchase. D) the Constitution did not give the president clear authority to acquire new territory. E) it consisted of worthless real estate that had no practical value for the nation.

3 BR Review Question #1 - Answer The principal difficulty involved in Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory was that A) the Treasury did not have enough money to pay for it. B) the Federalists appeared to have enough votes to defeat it in Congress. C) most Americans were either apathetic or opposed to the purchase. D) the Constitution did not give the president clear authority to acquire new territory. E) it consisted of worthless real estate that had no practical value for the nation. President Jefferson had long advocated a strict constructionist position that stated that unless an action were specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution, it could not be done.

4 BR Review Question #2 The Corps of Discovery commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by Lewis and Clark A) accomplished Jefferson's goal of discovering an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean. B) was greatly hindered in its journey by a Shoshone woman Sacagawea. C) traveled up the Missouri River by boat and then by foot across the mountains on its way to the Pacific Coast. D) met consistently fierce resistance from the Indian tribes they encountered. E) discovered the different mammals, such as mastodons, that Jefferson thought might still inhabit the American West.

5 BR Review Question #2 - Answer The Corps of Discovery commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by Lewis and Clark A) accomplished Jefferson's goal of discovering an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean. B) was greatly hindered in its journey by a Shoshone woman Sacagawea. C) traveled up the Missouri River by boat and then by foot across the mountains on its way to the Pacific Coast. D) met consistently fierce resistance from the Indian tribes they encountered. E) discovered the different mammals, such as mastodons, that Jefferson thought might still inhabit the American West. The Lewis and Clark expedition provided invaluable scientific and geographic information from its three-year journey. Aided by Sacagawea who served as both interpreter and protector (Indians recognized that a warlike party would not have a woman in their company), the Corps reached the mouth of the Columbia River near the present site of Astoria, Oregon. While not able to discover a water Northwest Passage, they did reach the headwaters of the Missouri River in Montana.

6 Unit 8

7 Unit 8, Notes 1

8 1) Think about a time that you have felt like you were unlucky or that you did not get something that you deserved? 2) How did you react? Write your response in your notes and be prepared to discuss.

9 Presidential Election of Republican Candidates Henry Clay Nationalist: national bank, protective tariff, internal improvements (American Plan/System) Andrew Jackson Did not develop political platform but rather used his war heroics to win votes John Quincy Adams Favored progress and improvement but rejected most tariffs William Crawford Jeffersonian: states' rights and strict construction of the Constitution

10 Election Outcome of 1824: "The Corrupt Bargain" Andrew Jackson won more popular votes but no candidate won a majority in the Electoral College Vote went to the House of Representatives Only the top 3 finishers were up for election in the House thus Henry Clay (4 th ) was eliminated Clay was Speaker of the House and used his dislike of Jackson to encourage the election of Adams in the House Jackson is "ignorant, passionate, hypocritical, and corrupt." -- Henry Clay Clay is "the meanest scoundrel that ever disgraced the image of his god." --Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams received 13 votes to Jackson's 7 and became the 6 th President of the United States Adams named Clay his secretary of state and Jackson's supporters accused Clay of striking a "corrupt bargain" votes for Adams in return for a cabinet post

11 Think about the 1824 presidential election. Why do you think Jackson was angry with the outcome? How did he act? Did he have a legitimate gripe? Write your response in your notes and be prepared to share your thoughts!

12

13

14 Presidency of John Quincy Adams The controversy caused a split in the Republican Party Jackson and his supporters took the name Democratic- Republicans and later were referred to as simply the "Democrats" Adams and his supporters took the name National Republicans and later branched into the "Whigs" Adams supported an enormous improvement plan but his opponents accused him of being like his Federalist father and spending too much taxpayer money

15 The Election of 1828: The Jacksonian Era Begins The presidential campaign of 1828 featuring Adams vs. Jackson gave birth to a new era of political mudslinging (campaign tactic in which candidates criticize each other's personalities, morals, and even their private life) Adams alluded to the idea that Jackson was an ignorant and impulsive country bumpkin Jackson portrayed himself as the hero of the common man and claimed Adams was an out of touch aristocrat Jackson became the 7 th President of the United States after winning the election with 178/261 electoral votes

16 The People's President After his inauguration, President Jackson invited all members of the general public to the reception at the White House where raw celebration, playing, and brawling caused thousands of dollars in damage "It was the people's day and the people's President, and the people would rule." Margaret Smith Expanding voting rights Many states eliminated property ownership as a voting qualification (elitist society turns democratic) 1824: 355,000 Americans voted for president 1828: 1.1 million Americans voted for president Jackson was the choice of these new voters from humble backgrounds

17 The People's President, Continued Jackson's appeal to the common man Orphaned at age 14 Received little formal education Achievements due to hard work, common sense learning, and a strong will ("Old Hickory") War hero Had participated in 5 duels (killed 1 man) Rough yet dignified and courteous Spoils system: practice of appointing people to govt. jobs on the basis of party loyalty, support, and friendship Jackson believed that ordinary citizens should play more active roles in democratic government Also believed that govt. jobs should be rotated at will

18 Jackson Changes the Presidential Nomination System Old Presidential Nomination System Caucus system: political party's congressmen met to choose their party's nominee for president Restricted access to the office to only the elite and well connected politicians Jackson's New Presidential Nomination System National nominating convention: national convention held at which party delegates from all states gather to select their party's presidential nominee Conventions better allowed for more political power to come from the people, not just party elites

19 CW/HW: Unit 8, Notes 1 Page 260 #3, 4, 5 # 3: Compare the different campaign strategies of the candidates in the 1824 election. #4: Why was the Democratic-Republican Party formed after the election of 1824? #5: Why do you think the candidates in the 1828 election focused on mudslinging instead of issues?

20 CW/HW: Unit 8, Notes 1 Page 260 #3, 4, 5 #3: Crawford: states rights and strict interpretation of the Constitution Clay: the American System Adams: favored internal improvements but disliked tariffs Jackson: his own personal heroism

21 CW/HW: Unit 8, Notes 1 #4: Jackson s supporters wished to stress their differences from John Quincy Adams s supporters #5: they disliked each other; similar opinions on issues

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