Post 1865: Effects of the War

Transcription

1 Post 1865: Effects of the War

2 Now what?

3 Reconstruction

4 Reconstruction 1865 Reconstruction Issues 1. Amending the Constitution to abolish slavery. 2. Bringing the former Southern states back into the Union.

5 Freedmen s Bureau (1865) Supported by Lincoln Goal: Provide food, clothing, healthcare, and education for both Black and White refugees in the South

6 Postwar Plantations Sharecropping No ownership of anything Borrow supplies Told what to plant Rent land in fixed payments Gave a portion of the crop yield to landowner 40 acres and a mule Cycle of debt Tenant Farming Tenant pays rent to landowner for land and house Owned crops they planted Made decisions on what to plant Used money from sales to pay landowner

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8 President Abraham Lincoln Lincoln wanted the country to come back together peacefully. Lincoln s plan was created in 1863, about two years before the end of the war. At the time of his death, the war was just ending and he was not able to put his ideas into practice. The Ten Percent Plan 10% of voters in the seceded states must swear loyalty under oath to the Union. The seceded states must abolish slavery.

9 Radical Republican Plan Wanted to be more strict with the States that had rebelled. Wanted a State to re-enter through a slower admission process. Wade-Davis Bill The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must swear loyalty to the United States. The seceded states must abolish slavery. Former Confederate soldiers or volunteers cannot hold office or vote.

10 Radical Republicans Radical republicans, often abolitionists, represented a large part of Congress. These Congressmen wanted to be strict with the States that had rebelled. They also wanted to protect the newly freed slaves. Military Reconstruction Act Formerly Confederate states must write new state constitutions. Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 14 th Amendment Formerly Confederate states must allow African Americans to vote. 5 military zones to protect rights of Blacks

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12 President Andrew Johnson Wanted to be strict with the States that had rebelled, but ended up making it relatively easy for them. Allowed for segregation of the races. Johnson Plan The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must swear loyalty to the United States. Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 13 th Amendment. Former Confederate officials may hold office and vote.

13 13 th Amendment January 31, 1865 The final announcement of the vote was the sequel for a whirlwind of applause wholly unprecedented in Congressional annals, reported the Chicago Tribune. The galleries led off, giving cheer after cheer. The members on the floor then joined in the shouting, throwing up their hats and clapping their hands. Library of Congress

14 14 th Amendment July 9, 1868 Library of Congress

15 15 th Amendment February 3, 1870 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Library of Congress

16 Civil Rights Act 1866 & Response to the Black Codes Federal guarantees of civil rights to Blacks Vetoed by Johnson 1875 Granted access to public accommodations and facilities to all citizens Found unconstitutional in 1883

17 The New South Jim Crow Laws Racial Segregation Literacy Tests Poll Tax Designed to keep Black citizens from voting Grandfather Clause

18 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Louisiana Racial Segregation Case Separate But Equal Overturned by Brown v. Board (1954) 14

19 The Reality 1904 political cartoon by John T. McCutcheon

20 Impeachment of Johnson Congress gets angry Civil Rights act vetoed 14 th Amendment Military Reconstruction Act vetoed Veto 27 times Tenure of Office Act

21 Election of 1868 Grant (Republican) Seymour (Democrat)

22 Republicans in the New South Carpetbaggers Northerner who arrives in the South with only a few possessions opportunists Scalawags Southern Republicans Non-slaveholding small farmers Ex-Whigs Established planters Given by Southerners

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24 Carpetbaggers Nickname applied by Southern whites to people who migrated South after the Civil War

25 Educating Freedmen and Women Hampton Institute (VA) Late Nineteenth Century Although many carpetbaggers went South to seek fortune and political office, many went South to educate freedmen and women.

26 Resistance to Reconstruction

27 Ku Klux Klan Founded in Pulaski, TN in 1866 Ex-Confederate veterans Greek meaning circle Nathan Bedford Forrest Grand Wizard Restore white supremacy

28 The Two Klans Kompared The First Ku Klux Klan The Second Ku Klux Klan Time Period Reconstruction 1920s Regional Prevalence Purpose South Oppose carpetbagger governments Midwest, South Oppose immigration, Catholicism, black migration Methods Intimidation & Violence

29 Election of 1876 Hayes (Republican) Tilden (Democrat) Compromise of 1877 End of reconstruction

30 Compromise of 1877 DISPUTED ELECTION Samuel Tilden (D-NY) Rutherford B. Hayes (R-OH) Rutherfraud

31 Redeemer Governments Southern White Bourbon Democrats re-assert authority Solid South DEMOCRATIC STRONGHOLD Republican Party a non-entity in Southern politics until the 1960s Gov. Wade Hampton (SC)

32 Effects of Reconstruction Union is restored 14 th and 15 th amendments Southern economy and infrastructure improved Southern public school system Ku Klux Klan Sharecropping