Lincoln s Assassination

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1 Reconstruction

2 Lincoln s Assassination John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at Ford s Theatre in Washington, D.C. Lincoln died the next morning less than one week after Lee s surrender Lincoln s death was actually a bad thing for the South Vice President Andrew Johnson became the new president a Union Democrat only southern senator not to quit post upon secession

3 Reconstruction under Johnson tried to follow Lincoln s Plan, but added disenfranchisement had right to grant pardons many elite back in Congress by end of 1865 Johnson constantly clashed with Radical Republican congressmen they wanted to punish the South thought Lincoln & Johnson were too soft Johnson tried to use veto power to limit congressional power Johnson campaigned against radicals in 1866 mid-terms but Reps responded with waving the bloody shirt Radical Republicans took control of Congress in 1866

4 Civil Rights Issues southern legislators passed Black Codes to restrict freedmen rights sharecropping (crop lien) system tied blacks to certain plot of land Republican Congress countered Black Codes with Civil Rights Act of 1866 Constitution amended to permanently protect basic rights [M] ( Sick ) 13 th Amendment completely abolished slavery in America ( Children ) 14 th Amendment protected citizenship rights for all Americans ( Vomit ) 15 th Amendment guaranteed universal male suffrage

5 Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republicans began rejecting Presidential Reconstruction passed Military Reconstruction Act divided South into 5 districts (martial law) passed Tenure of Office Act to protect their numbers from Johnson Johnson ignored Tenure Act by firing Sec of War Edwin Stanton (R) Johnson impeached by House of Reps for violating Tenure of Office Act Republicans damaged by Grant s scandalous presidency ( ) two most famous scandals were Credit Mobilier & the Whiskey Ring most southerners continued to support the Democratic Party referred to greedy northerners who moved south as carpetbaggers referred to southern Republicans as scalawags

6 Redeemption in the South Southern governments managed to piece together several successes modernized & improved public education and infrastructure Redeemers led resurgence of Dem power in state legislators hoped to revitalize South through industry & to remove corrupt Republicans focused on issues such as low taxes, small govt, and white power by mid-1870s the Republican Party was dead in the South corrupt Republicans fueled southern anger and resentment Ku Klux Klan formed to terrorize both black & white Republicans Congress passed Force Acts to reduce KKK s power moderately successful

7 Freedmen in the Postwar South Reconstruction was a very confusing time for blacks in the South many former slaves thrust into an ambiguous state of freedom some joyfully fled plantations, some remained loyal, some sought vengeance freedman Ben Singleton led 25,000 Exodusters into Kansas became farmers and believed that west held promised land many awaited 40 acres and a mule confiscated from rebels but most land was returned to white ownership sharecropping system the church became a central focus for most blacks after the war provided comfort, food, advice, and helped foster a black community

8 Reconstruction Ends in 1877 (R)Hayes defeated (D)Tilden in controversial election of 1876 Tilden clear front-runner but problem arose with votes in FL, SC, & LA impartial federal commission concluded that Hayes won electoral votes angry Dems threatened to filibuster proceedings to certify results Republicans quickly proposed Comp of 1877 to avoid a major crisis The Compromise of 1877 signaled the end of Reconstruction Hayes became president in exchange for pulling troops out of South

9 Impact of Reconstruction historians still disagree about the overall impact of Reconstruction but most agree that it was essentially a failure it s evident that U.S. leaders lacked a clear plan for postwar South Republicans entered era optimistic and idealistic but left worn out most white southerners emerged embittered and angry many average whites turned radical in hatred of freedmen & northerners blacks made huge strides during Radical Republican Reconstruction but Congress failed to ensure continued protection of their rights many blacks soon became lost in cycle of poverty due to sharecropping southern governments used various methods to restrict black suffrage it took another century for blacks to achieve full equality and civil rights

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