5.3.2 Reconstruction. By: Caleb and Harli

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1 5.3.2 Reconstruction By: Caleb and Harli

2 Overall Theme: Civil War and reconstruction caused slavery to end, it changed the relastionship between states and federal government. It caused debates over citizenship regarding African Americans, women, and other minorities.

3 Main Idea #1 The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, while the 14th and15th Amendments granted African Americans citizenship, equal protection under the laws, and voting rights.

4 Amendments 13th Amendment- Abolished slavery and ended the civil war. 14th Amendment- Granted citizenship to all people born and naturalized in the United States. 15th Amendment- prohibits Federal and State governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on citizen srace, color, or previous condition of servitude.

5 Main Idea #2 Short-term successes were achieved by Republicans to change the balance of power between congress and the presidency and to reorder race relations in the defeated south. Political opportunities and leadership roles were opened for former slaves due to reconstruction, however it failed due to determined Southern resistance and the North s waning resolve.

6 Key terms Black codes- Laws passed by democratic southern states after the Civil War to purposely restrict the African American s freedom also compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. Klu Klux Klan-It was a resistance group against white and black republican leaders and they wanted to reestablish white supremacy. This was mainly in the south.

7 More Key Terms Presidential v Radical Reconstruction- Following the civil war there were two opinions on Reconstruction. The president, Abe Lincoln, believed the south never seceded and should be granted citizenship more easily and with less punishments. On the other hand Radicals thought the Confederate states needed dramatic change before re entering the Union, including full citizenship for former slaves.

8 More Key Terms Military Reconstruction- was an Act passed by northern radicals, which separated each states military into 5 districts under the control of a northern general. Carpetbaggers- a northerner that migrated south for economical profit after the civil war. Scalawags- southern plantation owners that supported reconstruction.

9 More Key Terms Johnson s Veto of Freedman s Bureau and Civil Rights Act of Freedamn s Bureau was intended to help former slaves and poor whites in the south after the civil war. This was vetoed by Johnson. Tenure Office Act- This was a law that was intended to restrict the power of the president and not let him remove certain office holders. President Johnson s Impeachment- Was implemented by republicans because of disagreements over reconstruction.

10 More Key Terms Redeemer Governments- Southern pro-business Democrats that opposed Radical Republicans. Enforcement Acts ( )- Three bills passed by congress which protected African Americans right to vote, hold office, serve on juries, and have equal protection of laws.

11 Important People Senator Hiram Revels- the first African American elected to the United States Senate. Senator Blache K Bruce- the first elected African American senator to serve a full term Robert Smalls- was a former slave that ended up a ship s captain, a successful businessman and a politician.

12 Main Idea #3 Segregation, violence, Supreme Court decisions, and local political tactics progressively stripped away African American rights, but the 14th and 15th Amendments eventually became the basis for court decisions upholding civil rights in the 20th century.

13 Key Terms Compromise of Was an agreement between republican Presidential candidate Rutherford Hayes and southern democrats that agreed on Hayes election acceptance and all federal troops be withdrawn from the south. Poll Taxes- Required a payment to vote and discouraged poor whites and African Americans from voting. Literacy Tests to Vote- Restricted many illiterate African Americans from voting.

14 More Key Terms Jim Crow Laws- State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South. Grandfather Clause- Allowed many poor whites to be able to vote while avoiding poll taxes and literacy tests, while further discouraging African American voters. Civil Rights Cases (1833)- Ruled that discrimination in public places like trains and hotels was not unconstitutional. Plessey v. Ferguson (1896)- Set the precedent of separate but equal.

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