Teaching With Primary Sources. Jerry Perry, State Bar of Texas

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Teaching With Primary Sources. Jerry Perry, State Bar of Texas"

Transcription

1 Teaching With Primary Sources Jerry Perry, State Bar of Texas 1

2 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS I. ARTICLE II AND THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT II. NO MENTION ANYWHERE IN THE CONSTITUTION OF POPULAR VOTE IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS Article II, Section 2 Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. A. Presidential elections from no popular vote results: electors chosen by state legislatures in most states B. Election of 1824 first nationwide popular vote results: electors chosen by popular vote in most states III. ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND ELECTORAL VOTES A. Total Number of Electoral Votes = 538 One electoral vote for each United States Senator (100) One electoral vote for each United States Representative (435) Three electoral votes for the District of Columbia (3) Twenty-third Amendment (ratified in 1961) B. Since each state is constitutionally guaranteed two United States Senators regardless of population and at least one United States Representative, the minimum number of electoral votes for each state is three. At the present time, there are seven states which have only a minimum of three electoral votes. C. Needed to Win = 270 (A majority of 538) D. States with the largest number of electoral votes ( ): 1. California Ohio Texas Michigan New York New Jersey Florida North Carolina Pennsylvania Georgia Illinois TOTAL: 271 E. Eleven states today have enough electoral votes (271) to elect a president. F. Importance of the census every ten years 1. Remember: The number of members of the United States House of Representatives (435) is a fixed number which does not change even though the population of the nation grows. 2

3 2. Some states significantly decline in population in the ten-year period covered by a census and thus must lose seats in the House. Other states significantly increase in population and thus gain new seats in the House. This change in turn, using the formula noted above, results in either an increase or a decrease in the number of electors and electoral votes to which a state is entitled. 3. The following table shows what has happened with regard to the number of electoral votes for some of the fifty states as a result of several censuses: Alaska Arizona California Florida Idaho Illinois New York Rhode Island Texas Vermont IV. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS PRIOR TO 1804 AND THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT A. Electors elected by state legislatures. B. Each elector voted two times but was not required to designate for whom he was voting for president and for whom he was voting for vice president. C. The person who received the most electoral votes became President if this was a majority of the total number of electoral votes. If no candidate had a majority or there was a tie, then the House of Representatives, voting by states (each state one vote) selected the president. D. The candidate with the second highest number of electoral votes automatically became vice president. E. In the nation s first two presidential elections 1788 and 1792 when there was only one political party (the Federalist), there was no problem. George Washington was unanimously elected president and John Adams, the winner of the second largest number of electoral vote, automatically became vice president. 3

4 F. In the election of 1796, problems began to appear. 1. For the first time, two political parties competed the Federalists and the newly formed party of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, the Democratic-Republican Party. 2. The framers of the Constitution had provided no role for political parties and, in fact, had not even mentioned parties in the Constitution. 3. The Federalist Party nominated John Adams for president and Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina for vice president. The Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice president. 4. John Adams received 71 electoral votes (a majority) and thus was elected president. Thomas Jefferson received the second greatest number of electoral votes 68 and became vice president. Thus, for the only time in United States history, the nation had a president from one party and a vice president from another party. G. In the election of 1800, with two fully developed parties competing in what some have called the dirtiest campaign in history, the system failed. 1. The Federalist Party nominated John Adams for a second term with Charles C. Pinckney of South Carolina as his vice presidential running mate. Adams received 65 electoral votes and Pinckney, The Democratic-Republican Party nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr of New York for vice president. (a) Each of the Democratic-Republican electors voted once for Jefferson and once for Burr, but recall that at this time they were not required to designate for whom they were voting for president and for whom they were voting for vice president. (b) As a result, the two men tied with 73 electoral votes each. 3. Adams thus became the first incumbent president seeking a second term to be defeated. However, since Jefferson and Burr, the two Republicans, had the same number of electoral votes, the Federalistcontrolled House of Representatives now had to choose between the two. 4. The Federalists did not want to vote for either man, and thus the choice was a difficult one. Finally, on the thirty-sixth ballot, the House chose Jefferson over Burr, who then automatically became vice president. (This was partly due, some scholars believe, to Alexander Hamilton who lobbied against Burr.) V. THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT (PROPOSED BY CONGRESS IN DECEMBER, 1803; RATIFIED BY ENOUGH STATES AND PROCLAIMED PART OF THE CONSTITUTION IN SEPTEMBER, 1804) A. A direct result of what happened in the election of 1800 B. One very important provision: Each elector has one vote for president and one vote for vice president. Voting by the electors for president and for vice president must be separate and distinct. Whoever wins a majority of the electoral votes for president becomes president. 4

5 Whoever wins a majority of the electoral votes for vice president becomes vice president. C. Another very important provision: The contingency election procedure 1. What happens if no candidate for president wins a majority of the electoral votes for president? a. The House of Representatives is called upon to choose the president. b. The House chooses from among the three candidates with the greatest number of electoral votes. c. Each state gets one vote, and a majority of the votes is necessary to win. 2. What happens if no candidate for vice president wins a majority of the electoral votes for vice president? a. The Senate is called upon to choose the vice president. b. The Senate chooses from between the two candidates with the greatest number of electoral votes. c. Each Senator gets one vote, and a majority of the votes is necessary to win. VI. FOUR DISPUTED ELECTIONS A. Election of 1800 previously discussed first of only two times the House of Representatives had to choose the president. B. Election of 1824 second and last time the House of Representatives has been called on to choose the president. 1. First nationwide popular vote results 2. Nation was in the midst of what has been called the Era of Good Feelings and had reverted to a one-party system dominated by the party of Thomas Jefferson: the Democratic- Republican Party. 3. There were four major, well-known candidates, all of whom were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. a. Andrew Jackson (Tennessee) b. John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts) c. Henry Clay (Kentucky) d. William Henry Crawford (Georgia) 4. The results were as follows: Popular Vote Electoral Vote Jackson 152, Adams 115, Clay 47, Crawford 46,

6 Although Jackson thus won more popular votes and more electoral votes, he did not win a majority of the electoral votes. Therefore, under the Twelfth Amendment, the House of Representatives had to choose from among Jackson, Adams and Crawford. 6. Henry Clay threw his support to Adams, and largely as a consequence, the House chose Adams. C. Election of Took place during Reconstruction after the Civil War, a time of great confusion and chaos in the southern states. 2. The two candidates were Governor Samuel Tilden of New York for the Democratic Party and Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio for the Republican Party. 3. The results were as follows: Popular Votes Electoral Votes Tilden (D) 4,287, Hayes (R) 4,035, At that time, a majority of the electoral votes was Fifteen electoral votes from Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon were in dispute. 6. Although Tilden won more popular votes and more undisputed electoral votes, because of the fifteen disputed electoral votes no one knew for certain whether Tilden or Hayes had won a majority of the electoral votes. 7. The United States Congress for the only time in history set up a special fifteen-member Electoral Commission whose sole function was to decide who had won the fifteen disputed electoral votes and thus who would be the new president. 8. This Electoral Commission had eight Republican members and seven Democratic members. By a vote of eight-to-seven the Commission awarded all fifteen disputed electoral votes to Hayes, thus giving him a majority of 185 and consequently making him president. Many presidential election scholars regard Tilden as the one man from whom the presidency was most definitely stolen. D. Election of There were two major candidates: Al Gore for the Democratic Party and George W. Bush for the Republican Party. 2. The final results were as follows: Popular Votes Electoral Votes Gore 50,996, Bush 50,456, Undeclared 1 6

7 3. While there were several states where the popular vote between Gore and Bush was very close, it was the vote in the State of Florida (where Bush s brother, Jeb, happened to be governor) which became the decisive and controversial aspect of the election. a. Whoever won Florida would be the president. b. In several Florida counties, there was much dispute over the form of the ballot. c. The final popular vote results in Florida were: Bush 2,912,790 Gore 2,912,253 d. After much arguing back and forth, recounting of the ballots in some counties, and a Florida Supreme Court decision allowing a recount, the United States Supreme Court (in Bush v. Gore), by a five-to-four vote, ended the controversy by forbidding further recounts. This decision, in essence, meant that George W. Bush became President of the United States. VII. VIII. IX. FOUR ELECTIONS WHERE THE INDIVIDUAL WHO BECAME PRESIDENT ACTUALLY LOST THE NATIONWIDE POPULAR VOTE A. Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson won more popular votes, but John Quincy Adams became president. B. Election of 1876 Samuel Tilden won more popular votes, but Rutherford B. Hayes became president. C. Election of 1888 Grover Cleveland won more popular votes, but Benjamin Harrison became president. D. Election of 2000 Al Gore won more popular votes, but George W. Bush became president. TWO IMPORTANT DATES A. Congress by law has set the date on which the people vote for a group of presidential electors in their individual states: The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November every fourth year (beginning in 1788). B. Congress by law has set the date on which the winning group of electors (the group which wins the most popular votes in that state) gathers in the state capitol to cast the state s electoral votes: The first Monday after the second Wednesday in December. HOW ARE THE PEOPLE WHO SERVE AS ELECTORS CHOSEN, AND WHO ARE THEY? A. The Constitution says nothing about how individuals who serve as electors are to be selected. B. In presidential election years, each of the two major political parties in each state holds a state party convention. At this convention one thing each party does is to choose the individuals who will serve as the party s electors for the state for that election. C. The individuals chosen are not typical, average citizens. On the contrary, they are usually long time party activists and loyalists who can thus be trusted to be faithful electors and not faithless electors. In other 7

8 words, they can be trusted to vote for the party s candidates if given the chance. 1. This is important because electors are not legally bound to vote for the presidential candidate for whom the greatest number of the people of their state voted. 2. This helps explain why throughout the history of presidential elections in the United States there have been so few faithless electors. X. AN IMPORTANT PROCEDURAL PART OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROCESS THAT IS NOT FOUND IN THE CONSTITUTION: THE SO-CALLED WINNER-TAKE-ALL PROCEDURE A. Forty-eight states and the District of Columbia have by their own decisions not because the Constitution requires it decided to award all of the state s electoral votes to the set of electors which wins the most (a plurality is sufficient) popular votes in that state. This is called winnertake-all. B. Although any state could decide not to follow this winner-take-all procedure, thus far only two states Maine and Nebraska have chosen not to do so. 1. In Maine and Nebraska, whoever wins the most popular votes in each United States House district wins the electoral vote for that district. 2. Whoever wins the most popular votes in the entire state wins the two electoral votes for that state representing the state s two United States Senators. 8

9 THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE DILEMMA THE WINNER TAKES ALL EFFECT CANDIDATE A CANDIDATE B Popular Vote Electoral Vote Popular Vote Electoral Vote Texas 50, ,000 0 Small 10, , State TOTAL 60, ,000 15

10 ROLES AND POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT I. Seven roles of the President five constitutional and two extra-constitutional: (1) Chief of State; (2) Chief Politician; (3) Commander In Chief; (4) Chief Foreign Policy Maker or Chief Diplomat; (5) Chief Legislator; (6) Chief Economist; (7) Chief Executive or Chief Administrator II. III. IV. CHIEF OF STATE A. Symbolic or ceremonial role as head of nation or representative of the American people. Our king. Remember in many nations one person performs this role and another person performs the role of Head of Government B. Lots of pomp and ceremony associated with this role Hail To The Chief C. Examples of things a president does in his role as Chief of State: Declaring National Codfish Week or Grandparents Week Lighting the national Christmas tree Throwing out the first baseball to start the baseball season Buying the first box of Girl Scout cookies Greeting foreign visitors D. One very substantive (non-symbolic) thing the president does in this role: pardoning power 1. restores person to all civil rights 2. power is absolute: the president can pardon before trial (Ford s pardon of Nixon), during trial, or after trial 3. presidents often do this at end of term 4. two limitations: (a) can only pardon for offenses against the U. S., not for offenses against a state (b) cannot pardon someone who has been impeached, convicted, and removed from office CHIEF POLITICIAN A. Leader of his party B. Cannot be elected without party and cannot do job without support of members of party in House. Senate, governors, etc. C. National Chairman of Party is usually president s man D. Party convention dominated by president. Party platform usually says what he wishes E. Campaigns for party s candidates F. Patronage appoints party members to government positions COMMANDER IN CHIEF A. Appoints with Senate approval all officers of all branches of the armed forces. Determines who will boss and plan strategy. B. Can also dismiss (fire) top military commanders famous example: Truman MacArthur 10

11 C. Constitutionally, Congress is given the power to declare war, but the president as Commander in Chief can apparently involve the nation in war without a declaration of war by Congress. For example, Korea, Vietnam, or Iraq. D. In an effort to limit the president s war-making ability in 1973, Congress passed over President Nixon s veto the War Powers Resolution. It says: 1. The president can only commit troops abroad if there has been a declaration of war by Congress, if Congress passes legislation which authorizes sending troops abroad, or if there is an emergency created by an attack on the U. S., its property or its troops. 2. The president must report to Congress within 48 hours any emergency commitment of forces abroad. 3. Must remove forces after 60 days or 90 days unless Congress authorizes their continued presence abroad. 4. Law has been largely ignored. Some have argued that instead of limiting the president it actually authorizes 60-day wars. E. Three examples of presidential actions as Commander In Chief which were challenged in the courts 1. The Prize Cases (1863) (A) After southern forces attacked Ft. Sumter, President Lincoln unilaterally ordered a naval blockade of Southern ports (B) The Supreme Court upheld Lincoln s action in a broad interpretation of the president s war powers in the absence of a congressional declaration of war. 2. Korematsu v U. S. (1944) (A) FDR orders the military evacuation of all persons of Japanese descent living on the West Coast for fear of Japan s invasion of the U. S. even though they were U. S citizens and had not been charged with violation of any laws (B) The U. S. Supreme Court upheld the president s power 3. Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v Sawyer (1952) (A) Because of a threatened strike by the nation s steel worker unions which would have shut down all steel production in the U.S. in the midst of American troop involvement in Korea, President Harry Truman ordered the military seizure of all the nation s steel factories (B) The U. S. Supreme Court ruled that Truman had exceeded his power and ordered Truman to return the steel mills to their owners. F. The president can use his role and powers as Commander In Chief to help in the performance of his other roles such as Chief Executive. 1. For example, the president can send troops to help put down domestic disturbances or enforce the law here at home. 2. Examples: Eisenhower and Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957; Kennedy and University of Alabama, G. During war or threat of war, the president can impose martial law and replace civilian law and courts with military law and courts and suspend certain rights. 11

12 V. CHIEF FOREIGN-POLICY MAKER OR CHIEF DIPLOMAT A. The president is the director of the nation s foreign policy and has been such since the days of George Washington. Most of the major foreign policy documents in U. S. history bear the names of presidents: Washington s Farewell Address beware of entangling alliances ; the Monroe Doctrine no European or foreign presence in the Americas; Wilson s Fourteen Points; FDR s Good Neighbor Policy; the Truman Doctrine; the Eisenhower Doctrine; Carter and Salt II and the Panama Canal Treaty; Carter and the Arab-Israeli conflict; Bush and Saddam Hussein; Reagan and the German-Russian Wall; Clinton and the Arab- Israeli conflict B. President appoints all U. S. Ambassadors with Senate approval C. An exclusive power of the president: recognition of foreign governments by receiving ambassadors from those governments D. Negotiates treaties with other nations which then require ratification by a 2/3 vote of the Senate E. May also enter into executive agreements with other nations 1. No mention of these in the Constitution 2. More numerous now than treaties 3. Do not require Senate approval 4. Some famous examples: Gentlemen s Agreement between U. S. and Japan limiting Japanese immigration to U. S.; Destroyers for Bases agreement with Great Britain in World War II; Yalta and Potsdam agreements after World War II F. Presidential power in foreign affairs as addressed by the U. S. Supreme Court in U. S. v Curtiss Wright Export Corporation (1936) 1. Bolivia and Paraguay were involved in the Chaco Wars a battle over who owned a piece of land called the Chaco 2. President Roosevelt, without Congressional approval, ordered an embargo on the sale by anyone in the U. S. of weapons to either country 3. When the president s action was challenged in the U. S. Supreme Court, the Court upheld the president s act and ruled that in foreign affairs the president has certain inherent powers 4. The Supreme Court noted that in the external realm the President alone has the power to speak or listen as a representative of the nation. The Court went on to speak of the president as the sole organ of the federal government in the field of international relations a power which does not require as a basis for its exercise an act of Congress. VI. CHIEF LEGISLATOR A. Constitution requires the president to present State of the Union message to Congress. He also sends other messages. B. Most major legislation initiated by the White House and Congress then responds to it 12

13 C. President s veto power: not used that much by most presidents but usually successful when used. 1. usually the president gets what he wants simply by threatening a veto 2. president has no item veto must either veto the entire bill or sign the entire bill (a) In 1996 Congress passed the Line Item Veto Act giving the president an item veto (b) In 1998 in Clinton v City of New York the Supreme Court ruled that this act of Congress was unconstitutional. Only a constitutional amendment can give the president an item veto Washington-George W. Bush, 1,494 vetoes (a) Washington-2; Adams-Jefferson-0; Madison-5; Reagan-39; George H. W. Bush-29; Clinton-36; George W. Bush-10 (b) (c) Most Vetoes-Franklin D. Roosevelt-372 Only two other presidents with over 100 vetoes: Cleveland- 346; Truman Congress can try to override a presidential veto but this requires a two thirds vote of both houses and is rarely successful. (a) Total # of presidential vetoes overridden (b) Washington thru W.H. Harrison-0 vetoes overridden First president to have a veto overridden-john Tyler (c) President with most vetoes overridden-andrew Johnson-15 (d) Recent presidents: Reagan-9 overridden; George H. W. Bush-1 overridden; Clinton-2 overridden; George W. Bush-3 overridden 5. The president has ten days to sign or veto a bill. (a) (b) If he does neither and Congress is still in session the bill automatically becomes law without his signature. If he does neither and Congress has adjourned within the ten days, the president can kill the bill by taking no action. This is called a pocket veto. VII. CHIEF ECONOMIST A. No specific economic powers given him by the Constitution. Most economic powers are given to Congress but Congress has frequently delegated economic powers to the executive. B. Some presidents throughout history have imposed wage and price controls C. President, with aid of the Office of Management and Budget, prepares a proposed Budget of the U. S. to which Congress then reacts. The president has tended to dominate budget making process. D. Council of Economic Advisors and Annual Economic Report To Congress E. Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 Congress attempted to prevent the president from impounding funds (refusing to spend money appropriated by Congress). President who is not going to spend appropriated funds must report this to Congress and only if Congress agrees within 45 days can the president continue the impoundment. 13

14 VIII. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OR CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR A. Constitution says in Article II: executive power shall be vested in a President of the U. S. and he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. B. General view is that this constitutional language gives the president powers never fully defined. C. President relies on subordinates in the executive branch to enforce laws Congress passes. They interpret laws passed by Congress and decide how or whether to enforce them. D. Remember the president does not hire and thus cannot fire or give orders to most of those who work in the executive branch. They are hired through civil service. E. Executive Orders: President and other executive officers can issue these and they have the force of law. They implement and give administrative effect to parts of the Constitution, treaties, or acts of Congress. 1. They have been used to do many things but may be undone by a later president. 2. The use of executive orders has greatly increased in recent years. 3. Some examples of executive orders: (A) Truman s desegregating the armed forces (B) Kennedy s instituting an affirmative action program in federal (C) employment Clinton s returning abortion counseling to federally funded clinics and allowing the use of fetal tissue from abortions in federally funded research (D) George W. Bush s order repealing Clinton s order concerning abortion counseling F. Executive Privilege: Right of executive officers such as the president and his advisers to refuse to appear before or to withhold information from Congress or the courts 1. Limits on executive privilege went untested until the Watergate scandal in 1974 involving President Nixon and some of his subordinates 2. U. S. Supreme Court in 1974 in U. S. v Nixon unanimously ordered Nixon to turn over tapes from the Oval Office for use in a pending criminal case. The Court did also, however, rule for the first time ever that the president does have the right of executive privilege and that it must be given great respect even though it is not absolute and must yield to the demonstrated need for evidence in a pending criminal case. G. Presidential immunity from lawsuits involving alleged acts committed prior to becoming President: the U. S. Supreme Court, in Clinton v Jones, (1997) ruled that no such immunity exists. 14

Elections. How we choose the people who govern us

Elections. How we choose the people who govern us Elections How we choose the people who govern us Electing the President Questions 1. What is an example of popular sovereignty? 2. Who are you really voting for when you vote in a presidential election?

More information

The Electoral College

The Electoral College The Electoral College 1 True or False? The candidate with the most votes is elected president. Answer: Not necessarily. Ask Al Gore. 2 The 2000 Election The Popular Vote Al Gore 50,996,039 George W. Bush

More information

AP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

AP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Unit Four The President and the Bureaucracy 2 1 Unit 4 Learning Objectives Running for President 4.1 Outline the stages in U.S. presidential elections and the differences in campaigning

More information

Chapter Eleven: The President

Chapter Eleven: The President Chapter Eleven: The President Learning Outcomes 1. Identify the types of people who typically undertake serious campaigns for the presidency. 2. Distinguish some of the major roles of the president, including

More information

CHAPTER 10 OUTLINE I. Who Can Become President? Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution sets forth the qualifications to be president.

CHAPTER 10 OUTLINE I. Who Can Become President? Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution sets forth the qualifications to be president. CHAPTER 10 OUTLINE I. Who Can Become President? Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution sets forth the qualifications to be president. The two major limitations are a minimum age (35) and being a natural-born

More information

Chapter Fourteen. The Presidency

Chapter Fourteen. The Presidency Chapter Fourteen The Presidency CHAPTER 14 Article II The Presidency 13 2 The President The intent of the Framers: Delegates feared both anarchy and monarchy needed a strong, independent executive without

More information

The Electoral College. What is it?, how does it work?, the pros, and the cons

The Electoral College. What is it?, how does it work?, the pros, and the cons The Electoral College What is it?, how does it work?, the pros, and the cons What is the Electoral College? n E lec tor al College- A body of electors chosen to elect the President and Vice President of

More information

Presidential term: Lived: Occupations: Planter, Lawyer. Vice Presidents: Aaron Burr, George Clinton

Presidential term: Lived: Occupations: Planter, Lawyer. Vice Presidents: Aaron Burr, George Clinton In this resource you will find portraits of the individuals who served as presidents of the United States, along with their occupations, political party affiliations, and other interesting facts. **The

More information

Chapter 8 The Presidency. Section 1 President and Vice President

Chapter 8 The Presidency. Section 1 President and Vice President The Presidency Chapter 8 The Presidency Section 1 President and Vice President Standard SSCG13: The student will describe the qualifications for becoming President of the United States Duties of the President

More information

Ch. 5 Test Legislative Branch Government

Ch. 5 Test Legislative Branch Government Name: Date: 1. In 1998, California had forty-five representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives while Louisiana had seven. What accounts for the difference in these numbers? A. area of the states

More information

The Executive Branch

The Executive Branch The Executive Branch What is the job of the Executive Branch? The Executive Branch is responsible for executing (or carrying out) the laws made by the Congress. Executive Branch The qualifications to be

More information

End DO NOW: To Do: (1) Write your homework in your Agenda book. (2) Read the daily schedule to get prepared for class.

End DO NOW: To Do: (1) Write your homework in your Agenda book. (2) Read the daily schedule to get prepared for class. End DO NOW: 2.12.2013 To Answer in your journal: To Do: (1) Write your homework in your Agenda book. (2) Read the daily schedule to get prepared for class. The Constitution of the United States of America

More information

PRESIDENTIAL ROLES. Chief of State

PRESIDENTIAL ROLES. Chief of State PRESIDENTIAL ROLES Chief of State In this role, the president is the symbolic and ceremonial head of the federal government; the representative of the people of the U.S. One non-symbolic example of this

More information

What do you know about how our president is elected?

What do you know about how our president is elected? What do you know about how our president is elected? The Electoral College When we talk about this election process, we say that our president and vice president are elected by the Electoral College.

More information

Chapter 13:The Presidency Part 1. Academic Government 2016

Chapter 13:The Presidency Part 1. Academic Government 2016 Chapter 13:The Presidency Part 1 Academic Government 2016 What is the function, evolution, contemporary relevance, and organization of the United States Presidency and Executive Branch? 13.1: Presidential

More information

Qualifications for Presidency

Qualifications for Presidency Qualifications for Presidency The Presidency & The Executive Branch and the Bureaucracy Natural-born citizen Lived in U.S. for 14 years At least 35 years old Terms Each term is 4 years May be elected to

More information

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code 98-156 GOV Updated January 29, 2001 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure Gary L. Galemore Analyst in American National Government

More information

[ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview. The President's Many Roles. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview

[ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview. The President's Many Roles. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview [ 5.1 ] The Presidency An Overview The President's Many Roles chief of state term for the President as the ceremonial head of the United States, the symbol of all the

More information

Name: Date: 3. Presidential power is vaguely defined in of the Constitution. A) Article 1 B) Article 2 C) Article 3 D) Article 4

Name: Date: 3. Presidential power is vaguely defined in of the Constitution. A) Article 1 B) Article 2 C) Article 3 D) Article 4 Name: Date: 1. The term for the presidency is years. A) two B) four C) six D) eight 2. Presidential requirements include being years of age and having lived in the United States for the past years. A)

More information

CRS Report for Congress

CRS Report for Congress Order Code RS20273 Updated September 8, 2003 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections Thomas H. Neale Government and

More information

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code RS20273 Updated January 17, 2001 The Electoral College: How it Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections Thomas H. Neale Analyst, American

More information

7a. The Evolution of the Presidency

7a. The Evolution of the Presidency 7a. The Evolution of the Presidency South Dakota's Mt. Rushmore memorializes four of America's greatest Presidents. Washington, Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Lincoln are carved into this spectacular

More information

The Electoral College

The Electoral College The Electoral College H. FRY 2014 What is the Electoral College? The Electoral College is NOT a University! College: -noun An organized association of persons having certain powers and rights, and performing

More information

U.S. Government. The Constitution of the United States. Tuesday, September 23, 14

U.S. Government. The Constitution of the United States. Tuesday, September 23, 14 U.S. Government The Constitution of the United States Background The Constitution of the United States was created during the Spring and Summer of 1787. The Framers(the people who attended the convention)

More information

Reasons That Donald Trump Was Elected (and how that s connected to our class studies):

Reasons That Donald Trump Was Elected (and how that s connected to our class studies): Reasons That Donald Trump Was Elected (and how that s connected to our class studies): 1. MAIN REASON: The Electoral College worked in Trump s favor Even though Hillary Clinton got almost 3 million more

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 1 Sources of Presidential Power ESSENTIAL QUESTION What are the powers and roles of the president and how have they changed over time? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary contemporary happening,

More information

The Evolution of the Presidency

The Evolution of the Presidency Ushistory.org. The Evolution of the Presidency, American Government Online Textbook. http://www.ushistory.org/gov/7a.asp. Retrieved 9/22/16. Copyright 2008-2016 ushistory.org, owned by the Independence

More information

Branches of Government

Branches of Government What is a congressional standing committee? Both houses of Congress have permanent committees that essentially act as subject matter experts on legislation. Both the Senate and House have similar committees.

More information

Being President. Formal Requirements. Informal Requirements. The Presidency. Secession and Impeachment. NOTES The Presidency

Being President. Formal Requirements. Informal Requirements. The Presidency. Secession and Impeachment. NOTES The Presidency The Presidency Being President normal road to the White House is to be elected serves 1 or 2 terms of 4 years 22 nd Amendment limited Presidents to 2 terms most presidents have been elected to office Formal

More information

Mathematics of the Electoral College. Robbie Robinson Professor of Mathematics The George Washington University

Mathematics of the Electoral College. Robbie Robinson Professor of Mathematics The George Washington University Mathematics of the Electoral College Robbie Robinson Professor of Mathematics The George Washington University Overview Is the US President elected directly? No. The president is elected by electors who

More information

Presidents of the United States Cards

Presidents of the United States Cards Presidents of the United States Cards Print on card stock and laminate for more durability if desired. Use as trading cards with friends as flashcards or a timeline to learn the Presidents. Created by

More information

Museum of World Treasures

Museum of World Treasures Museum of World Treasures Presidents Vocabulary List - All entries pertain directly to artifacts or signs in our exhibits. George Washington Known as the first President of the United States in 1789. He

More information

Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents

Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents Hail to the Chief Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents 100% male 100% Caucasian 97% Protestant 82% of British ancestry 77% college educated 69% politicians 62% lawyers >50% from the top 3% wealth

More information

Unit 4 Learning Objectives

Unit 4 Learning Objectives AP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Unit Four Part 2 The President and the Bureaucracy 2 1 Unit 4 Learning Objectives Running for President 4.1 Outline the stages in U.S. presidential elections and the differences

More information

The Presidency CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER SUMMARY

The Presidency CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER SUMMARY CHAPTER 11 The Presidency CHAPTER OUTLINE I. The Growth of the Presidency A. The First Presidents B. Congress Reasserts Power II. C. The Modern Presidency Presidential Roles A. Chief of State B. Chief

More information

Chapter 12. The President. The historical development of the office of the President

Chapter 12. The President. The historical development of the office of the President 12-1 Chapter 12 The President The historical development of the office of the President The founders viewed a presidency whose power was limited. They had seen the abuses of the king. Royal governors had

More information

Quiz # 5 Chapter 14 The Executive Branch (President)

Quiz # 5 Chapter 14 The Executive Branch (President) Quiz # 5 Chapter 14 The Executive Branch (President) 1. In a parliamentary system, the voters cannot choose a. their members of parliament. b. their prime minister. c. between two or more parties. d. whether

More information

o Major and minor political parties nominate candidates for president and vice president at national conventions every four years.

o Major and minor political parties nominate candidates for president and vice president at national conventions every four years. AP Government Notes: The Presidency Who Can Become President? o The delegates, after much debate, created a chief executive who had enough powers granted in the Constitution to balance those of Congress.

More information

The Executive Branch. The Presidency

The Executive Branch. The Presidency The Executive Branch Content Standard 4: The student will examine the United States Constitution by comparing the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government as they form and transform

More information

SS7 CIVICS, CH. 8.1 THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN PARTIES FALL 2016 PP. PROJECT

SS7 CIVICS, CH. 8.1 THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN PARTIES FALL 2016 PP. PROJECT PROJECT SS7 CIVICS, CH. 8.1 THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN PARTIES DATE FALL 2016 CLIENT PP. 1. WHAT IS A POLITICAL PARTY? A POLITICAL PARTY IS AN ASSOCIATION OF VOTERS WITH COMMON INTERESTS WHO WANT TO INFLUENCE

More information

American Presidential Elections. The American presidential election system has produced some interesting quirks, such as...

American Presidential Elections. The American presidential election system has produced some interesting quirks, such as... American Presidential Elections The American presidential election system has produced some interesting quirks, such as..., when s Jefferson and Burr receive the same number of electoral votes, thus forcing

More information

Solutions. Algebra II Journal. Module 3: Standard Deviation. Making Deviation Standard

Solutions. Algebra II Journal. Module 3: Standard Deviation. Making Deviation Standard Solutions Algebra II Journal Module 3: Standard Deviation Making Deviation Standard This journal belongs to: 1 Algebra II Journal: Reflection 1 Respond to the following reflection questions and submit

More information

Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents

Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents Hail to the Chief Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents 100% male 98% Caucasian 98% Protestant 81% of British ancestry 78% college educated 71% politicians 64% lawyers >52% from the top 3% wealth

More information

5.1d- Presidential Roles

5.1d- Presidential Roles 5.1d- Presidential Roles Express Roles The United States Constitution outlines several of the president's roles and powers, while other roles have developed over time. The presidential roles expressly

More information

POL 742: The American Presidency. Dr. Carrington Office Hours: M-W 10:00-11:00am, 3:30-4:30pm. Academic Integrity. Participation.

POL 742: The American Presidency. Dr. Carrington Office Hours: M-W 10:00-11:00am, 3:30-4:30pm. Academic Integrity. Participation. POL 742: The American Presidency Dr. Carrington Office Hours: M-W 10:00-11:00am, 3:30-4:30pm Office: Kendall 412 T-Th 9-10am acarrington@hillsdale.edu By Appointment This course is an in-depth examination

More information

Chapter 8 The Presidency - Section 1 SSCG12&13 Duties of the President President s Term Salary and Benefits

Chapter 8 The Presidency - Section 1 SSCG12&13 Duties of the President President s Term Salary and Benefits The Presidency Chapter 8 The Presidency - Section 1 SSCG12&13 Duties of the President The constitutional duties of the nation s first president,, and those of a modern president are much the same. However,

More information

State and Local Government in the United States

State and Local Government in the United States State and Local Government in the United States www.whitehouse.gov The United States have three levels of government; a federal level, a state level and a local level. Each one has its own features and

More information

CRS Report for Congress

CRS Report for Congress CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code RS20443 Updated May 20, 2003 American National Government: An Overview Summary Frederick M. Kaiser Specialist in American National Government

More information

(USG 9B) The student will analyze the structure and functions of the executive branch of government.

(USG 9B) The student will analyze the structure and functions of the executive branch of government. The Presidency 1 Student Essential Knowledge and Skills 2 (USG 9B) The student will analyze the structure and functions of the executive branch of government. Including the Constitutional powers of the

More information

The Federalist Era:

The Federalist Era: The Federalist Era: 1789-1801 THE FEDERALIST ERA: DOMESTIC Issues I. America in 1790 A. Population: 4 million B. U.S. was recovering from a depression C. Challenges by Britain and Spain threatened the

More information

Post-War United States

Post-War United States Post-War United States (1945-Early 1970s) PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES By Marty Gitlin PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Published by Weigl Publishers Inc. 350 5th Avenue, Suite 3304 PMB 6G New York,

More information

THE PRESIDENCY THE PRESIDENCY

THE PRESIDENCY THE PRESIDENCY THE PRESIDENCY THE PRESIDENCY (Getting There - Qualities) Male - 100% Protestant - 97% British Ancestry - 82% College Education -77% Politicians - 69% Lawyers - 62% Elected from large states - 69% 1 The

More information

Chapter 6 Presidential Institutions. AP Government

Chapter 6 Presidential Institutions. AP Government Chapter 6 Presidential Institutions AP Government Constitutional Basis for Presidency The Presidency and the Founding The framers of the Constitution were ambivalent about executive power. 1. Colonial

More information

Research Skills. 2010, 2003 Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.

Research Skills. 2010, 2003 Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. Research Skills U.S. Presidents REM 311 Cover Designer: Meg Turecek A Teaching Resource From 2010, 2003 Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. The purchase of

More information

Close Calls in U.S. Election History By Jessica McBirney 2016

Close Calls in U.S. Election History By Jessica McBirney 2016 Name: Class: Close Calls in U.S. Election History By Jessica McBirney 2016 Democracy and power to the people are celebrated as key American values, but sometimes democracy is more complicated than one

More information

INTRO TO POLI SCI 4/4/17

INTRO TO POLI SCI 4/4/17 INTRO TO POLI SCI 4/4/17 Objective: SWBAT describe the qualifications to be President and the roles that they do. Agenda: CNN 10 Bell Ringer Presidency Notes Homework: Missing Work! THE PRESIDENCY LET

More information

Presidential Power. Understanding Presidential Power. What does the Constitution say? 3/3/09

Presidential Power. Understanding Presidential Power. What does the Constitution say? 3/3/09 Presidential Power How do presidents get things done? Understanding Presidential Power The presidency was designed by people who feared a strong executive. What does the Constitution say? Lead the armed

More information

UNIT 5-1 CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENCY

UNIT 5-1 CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENCY UNIT 5-1 CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENCY STRUCTURE OF CONGRESS House of Representatives Senate Membership 435 members (apportioned by population) 100 members (two from each state) Term of office 2 years; entire

More information

Matthew Miller, Bureau of Legislative Research

Matthew Miller, Bureau of Legislative Research Matthew Miller, Bureau of Legislative Research Arkansas (reelection) Georgia (reelection) Idaho (reelection) Kentucky (reelection) Michigan (partisan nomination - reelection) Minnesota (reelection) Mississippi

More information

A More Perfect Union The Three Branches of the Federal Government

A More Perfect Union The Three Branches of the Federal Government A More Perfect Union The Three Branches of the Federal Government The Presidency Video copyright 1996 by Knowledge Unlimited, Inc. Teacher s Guide copyright 2000 by Knowledge Unlimited, Inc. ISBN 1-55933-068-6

More information

9/2/13. Formal Qualifications. Informal Qualification

9/2/13. Formal Qualifications. Informal Qualification The Office of the President Executive Branch Article II Formal Qualifications 35 years old Natural born citizen (Sorry Ah-nuld) Only federal position to have this qualification Lived in the US for 14 years

More information

The Origins and Rules Governing the Office of President of the United States

The Origins and Rules Governing the Office of President of the United States The Presidency The Origins and Rules Governing the Office of President of the United States Royal Governor Earliest example of executive power in the colonies Appointees of the King Powers of appointment,

More information

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government June 18, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22188 Summary The veto power vested

More information

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government April 22, 2013 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Congressional

More information

The Presidency Flashcards Part of the AP U.S. Government collection

The Presidency Flashcards Part of the AP U.S. Government collection The Presidency Flashcards Part of the AP U.S. Government collection Overview This resource contains a collection of 38 flashcards that will help students master key Presidency concepts that may be covered

More information

A) A Congressman wants to be reelected, so he will vote in a way that will garner his constituents' support. E) I, II, and III B) pork barreling

A) A Congressman wants to be reelected, so he will vote in a way that will garner his constituents' support. E) I, II, and III B) pork barreling 1. In the original Constitution, the House of Representatives was considered more responsive than the Senate to public opinion for which of the following reasons? I. Each representative served fewer constituents

More information

mith College Computer Science Lecture Notes Week 11 Everyday Python CSC111 Spring 2015 Dominique Thiébaut

mith College Computer Science Lecture Notes Week 11 Everyday Python CSC111 Spring 2015 Dominique Thiébaut mith College Computer Science Lecture Notes Week 11 Everyday Python CSC111 Spring 2015 Dominique Thiébaut dthiebaut@smith.edu Lists of Lists (Chapter 11 Designing with Lists and Classes) Two Types of Lists

More information

Grade 5. Duration min. (time will vary based on length of commercial presentations, which can be carried over to another class period)

Grade 5. Duration min. (time will vary based on length of commercial presentations, which can be carried over to another class period) How Do I Pre- Register and Vote in North Carolina? Overview Students will learn about registering and voting in North Carolina, particularly focusing on North Carolina s new pre- registration law, which

More information

The US Electoral College: the antiquated key to presidential success

The US Electoral College: the antiquated key to presidential success The US Electoral College: the antiquated key to presidential success by Rodney Tiffen/ October 2008 T he United States has the oldest surviving democratic constitution in the world. In the context of its

More information

Executive Branch Chapter 6 Section 1

Executive Branch Chapter 6 Section 1 Executive Branch Chapter 6 Section 1 The president of the United States carries with it a responsibility so personal as to be without parallel No one can make decisions for him Even those closest to him

More information

To understand the U.S. electoral college and, more generally, American democracy, it is critical to understand that when voters go to the polls on

To understand the U.S. electoral college and, more generally, American democracy, it is critical to understand that when voters go to the polls on To understand the U.S. electoral college and, more generally, American democracy, it is critical to understand that when voters go to the polls on Tuesday, November 8th, they are not voting together in

More information

Should Politicians Choose Their Voters? League of Women Voters of MI Education Fund

Should Politicians Choose Their Voters? League of Women Voters of MI Education Fund Should Politicians Choose Their Voters? 1 Politicians are drawing their own voting maps to manipulate elections and keep themselves and their party in power. 2 3 -The U.S. Constitution requires that the

More information

Government Final Review

Government Final Review Government Final Review 1)The U. S. Constitution sets up a system of checks and balances to keep one branch of government from gaining too much power. One example is that the President appoints, but the

More information

understanding CONSTITUTION

understanding CONSTITUTION understanding the CONSTITUTION Contents The Articles of Confederation The Constitutional Convention The Principles of the Constitution The Preamble The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch The Judicial

More information

Parties and Elections. Selections from Chapters 11 & 12

Parties and Elections. Selections from Chapters 11 & 12 Parties and Elections Selections from Chapters 11 & 12 Party Eras in American History Party Eras Historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power Critical Election An electoral

More information

1. What are the requirements for becoming a Representative? How long do they serve?

1. What are the requirements for becoming a Representative? How long do they serve? 20 th /Raffel Constitution Study Questions Directions: To complete these questions, you need to read an online version of the constitution, available from the class website (select Online Constitution

More information

NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY Legislative Services Office

NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY Legislative Services Office NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY Legislative Services Office Kory Goldsmith, Interim Legislative Services Officer Research Division 300 N. Salisbury Street, Suite 545 Raleigh, NC 27603-5925 Tel. 919-733-2578

More information

Who Were The Candidates In The Election Of 1824 What Was The Platform Of Each

Who Were The Candidates In The Election Of 1824 What Was The Platform Of Each Who Were The Candidates In The Election Of 1824 What Was The Platform Of Each Who were the candidates for president in the 1824 election? They all came from the same political party, but each represented

More information

Article III Section 1

Article III Section 1 Article III Section 1 WHAT IT SAYS The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

More information

CHAPTER 8 THE PRESIDENCY. Chapter Goals and Learning Objectives

CHAPTER 8 THE PRESIDENCY. Chapter Goals and Learning Objectives CHAPTER 8 THE PRESIDENCY Chapter Goals and Learning Objectives Ask a friend, Who is your Congressman? and you are likely to get a blank stare in return. Ask her, however, Who is the president? and she

More information

1. Chapter Eight 2. Columbus discovered America in Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in Washington became President

1. Chapter Eight 2. Columbus discovered America in Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in Washington became President 1. Chapter Eight 2. Columbus discovered America in 1492. 3. Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776. 4. Washington became President and our US Constitution went into effect in 1789. 5.

More information

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: In Brief

Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: In Brief Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: In Brief Meghan M. Stuessy Analyst in Government Organization and Management June 9, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22188 Summary The veto power

More information

Judicial Selection in the States

Judicial Selection in the States Judicial S in the States Appellate and General Jurisdiction Courts Initial S, Retention, and Term Length INITIAL Alabama Supreme Court X 6 Re- (6 year term) Court of Civil App. X 6 Re- (6 year term) Court

More information

The Presidents Presidential Powers

The Presidents Presidential Powers Name: Government In America, Chapter 13 Big Idea Questions Which mindset do you have? Guided Notes The Presidents Great Expectations 2 mindsets about the presidency Belief in a president of central power

More information

Expansion and Reform. (Early 1800s-1861) PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. By Daniel Casciato

Expansion and Reform. (Early 1800s-1861) PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. By Daniel Casciato Expansion and Reform (Early 1800s-1861) PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES By Daniel Casciato PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Published by Weigl Publishers Inc. 350 5th Avenue, Suite 3304 PMB 6G New York,

More information

American Government. Workbook

American Government. Workbook American Government Workbook WALCH PUBLISHING Table of Contents To the Student............................. vii Unit 1: What Is Government? Activity 1 Monarchs of Europe...................... 1 Activity

More information

The Presidency. From Chief Clerk to Chief Policy Maker

The Presidency. From Chief Clerk to Chief Policy Maker The Presidency From Chief Clerk to Chief Policy Maker 10 key questions at Convention 1. Shall the executive be one person or several? 2. Will Congress select the president? 3. Shall all citizens select

More information

The United States Presidential Election Process: Undemocratic?

The United States Presidential Election Process: Undemocratic? The United States Presidential Election Process: Undemocratic? The Bill of Rights Institute Chicago, IL October 2, 2008 Artemus Ward Department of Political Science Northern Illinois University aeward@niu.edu

More information

Delegates: Understanding the numbers and the rules

Delegates: Understanding the numbers and the rules Delegates: Understanding the numbers and the rules About 4,051 pledged About 712 unpledged 2472 delegates Images from: https://ballotpedia.org/presidential_election,_2016 On the news I hear about super

More information

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOVT President & Domestic Policy October 11, Dr. Michael Sullivan. MoWe 5:30 6:50 MoWe 7 8:30

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOVT President & Domestic Policy October 11, Dr. Michael Sullivan. MoWe 5:30 6:50 MoWe 7 8:30 President & Domestic Policy October 11, 2017 Dr. Michael Sullivan FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOVT 2305 MoWe 5:30 6:50 MoWe 7 8:30 TODAY S AGENDA Current Events Presidency & Domestic Policy Upcoming Assignments

More information

3 Three Previously Proposed Federal

3 Three Previously Proposed Federal 3 Three Previously Proposed Federal Constitutional Amendments There have been hundreds of proposals to change the current system of electing the President and Vice President over the years. This chapter

More information

There is No "Fourteenth Amendment"! David Lawrence. U.S. News & World Report. September 27, 1957

There is No Fourteenth Amendment! David Lawrence. U.S. News & World Report. September 27, 1957 There is No "Fourteenth Amendment"! by David Lawrence U.S. News & World Report September 27, 1957 A MISTAKEN BELIEF -- that there is a valid article in the Constitution known as the "Fourteenth Amendment"

More information

the rules of the republican party

the rules of the republican party the rules of the republican party As Adopted by the 2008 Republican National Convention September 1, 2008 *Amended by the Republican National Committee on August 6, 2010 the rules of the republican party

More information

US GOVERNMENT 1 ST SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW

US GOVERNMENT 1 ST SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW Adv Gov/Ms. Strong Name US GOVERNMENT 1 ST SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW Directions: You will turn this packet in the day of the exam and will receive a quiz grade. Compete this packet using your class notes, handouts,

More information

Chapter 13: The Presidency. American Democracy Now, 4/e

Chapter 13: The Presidency. American Democracy Now, 4/e Chapter 13: The Presidency American Democracy Now, 4/e Presidential Elections Candidates position themselves years in advance of Election Day. Eligible incumbent presidents are nearly always nominated

More information

JAMES MADISON AND THE WAR OF Or is it the Second American Revolution?

JAMES MADISON AND THE WAR OF Or is it the Second American Revolution? JAMES MADISON AND THE WAR OF 1812 Or is it the Second American Revolution? James Madison From Virginia Author of the Constitution Advocate for the Bill of Rights Leader in the House of Representatives

More information

Name Class Date. Forging the New Republic Section 1

Name Class Date. Forging the New Republic Section 1 Name Class Date Section 1 MAIN IDEA President Washington and other leaders tried to solve the new nation s economic problems. This led to the rise of political parties. Key Terms and People cabinet heads

More information

Samples from Exploring History Through Primary Sources: American Presidents

Samples from Exploring History Through Primary Sources: American Presidents Samples from Exploring History Through Primary Sources: American Presidents Table of Contents Sample Lessons Sample Primary Sources #9189 Primary Sources American Presidents Table of Contents How to Use

More information

In the scheme of our national government, the presidency is preeminently the people's office. Grover Cleveland

In the scheme of our national government, the presidency is preeminently the people's office. Grover Cleveland In the scheme of our national government, the presidency is preeminently the people's office. Grover Cleveland expressed / enumerated powers: those clearly outlined in law constitutional powers: those

More information

African American History Policy Timeline 1700-Present

African American History Policy Timeline 1700-Present African American History Policy Timeline 1700-Present 1711 Great Britain s Queen Anne overrules a Pennsylvania colonial law prohibiting slavery. 1735 South Carolina passes laws requiring enslaved people

More information