United Nations Environment Program

Transcription

1 BDMUNC 2012 Committee Update United Nations Environment Program Topic: Environmental Issues on Petroleum Industrialization Inside: A. Background Update B. Rules Update C. File Samples

2 Licensing This Committee Update is distributed under the license of the following: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike China Mainland of Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 zh-cn] License Deed You are free: to Share to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: Waiver Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.

3 Public Domain Where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license. Other Rights In no way are any of the following rights affected by the license: Your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; The author's moral rights; Rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or privacy rights. Notice For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with the links below. About the License All contents above can be reviewed at: The complete Legal Code of the License can be reviewed at: About this Document This Licensing should be attached without modification while redistribution or quotation of any or all parts of the Document taking place. Please contact the original authors for supplement of Attributions if revised. Attribution Dais Members of UNEP, BDMUNC 2012

4 Background Update Historical Energy Crisis 1970s energy crisis - caused by the peaking of oil production in major industrial nations (Germany, United States, Canada, etc.) and embargoed from other producers 1990 oil price shock - caused by the Gulf War The California electricity crisis(also known as the Western U.S. Energy Crisis of 2000 and 2001) - Caused by market manipulation by Enron Corporation and deregulation; resulted in multiple large-scale power outages Fuel protests in the United Kingdom(2000;2005;2007) North American natural gas crisis 2004 Argentine energy crisis North Korea has had energy shortages for many years. Zimbabwe has experienced a shortage of energy supplies for many years due to the financial mismanagement. Political riots during the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests were sparked by rising energy prices. Environmental issues with petroleum Toxicity Crude oil is a mixture of different kinds of organic compounds, many of which are highly toxic and cancer causing. It makes ocean water toxic to wildlife and causes leukemia in humans. Exhaust When oil or petroleum distillates are burned, usually the combustion is not complete. Many compounds like carbon monoxide and methanol are often toxic to many forms of life. Also, fine particulates of soot blacken humans' and other animals' lungs and cause heart problems or death. Acid rain Acid rain causes many problems such as dead trees and acidified lakes with dead fish. Coral reefs in the world's oceans are killed by acidic water caused by acid rain. Besides, it leads to increased corrosion of machinery and structures. Climate change CO 2 gas traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Certain organic compounds, such as methane traps heat several times more efficiently than CO 2 does. Soot blocks the sun from reaching the earth and could cause cooling of the earth's atmosphere Oil spills Spills may take years or even decades to be cleaned up, and their total environmental impacts are not completely understood.

5 Oil shale Winning of petroleum from oil shale creates pollution problems Volatile organic compounds VOCs from petroleum are toxic and foul the air, and some like benzene are extremely toxic, carcinogenic and cause DNA damage. Waste oil Many of the same problems associated with natural petroleum exist with waste oil. When waste oil from vehicles drips out engines over streets and roads, the oil travels into the water table bringing with it such toxins as benzene. This poisons both soil and water. List of countries with advanced exploration and production in Petroleum industry Australia Brazil China Denmark Egypt Germany India Iraq Japan Norway Libya Nigeria Pakistan Russia Saudi Arabia UK United Arabia Emirates US *This list is based on the number of petroleum production companies of large scale in countries. List of countries with Power Stations Angola France Australia Germany Brazil India Canada Indonesia China Iran Denmark Iraq Egypt Ireland Kenya Lithuania Netherland Mexico Nigeria Norway Pakistan Philippines Russia South Korea Ukraine UK US List of countries by total energy consumption and production Country Total Production per Year Total Consumption per Year Afghanistan Algeria Angola 3, Armenia Australia 11, Belarus Brazil 8, Canada 19, China 70, Cuba

6 Denmark 1, Ecuador 1, Egypt 3, France 5, Germany 5, India 13, Indonesia 10, Iran 12, Iraq 4, Ireland Japan 3, Kenya Korea 1, Kuwait 5, Libya 4, Lithuania Mexico 9, Netherland 2, New Zealand Nigeria 6, Norway 9, Pakistan 1, Peru Philippines Qatar 4, Russia 53, Saudi Arabia 23, Syria 1, UAE 7, Ukraine 3, United Kingdom 7, United States 71, Uruguay Venezuela 7, , Vietnam 2, References:

7 Rules Update Foreword Model UN conferences adopt rules of procedure to establish when a delegate may speak and what he or she may address. Some conferences adopt a few simple rules, while others use lengthy and complex rules of procedure. Because each conference is independent there is no governing body for Model UN rules of procedure vary. A few conferences adapt their rules of procedure directly from the United Nations rules while most use variations of the Roberts Rules of Order. It is essential to familiarize yourself with the rules of each specific conference you plan to attend. At a Model UN conference, there is formal debate as well as informal debate, called caucusing. Formal Debate: During formal debate, the staff maintains a speakers list and delegates speak in the order they are listed. At this time, delegates have an opportunity to share their views with the entire committee. Delegates make speeches, answer questions, and introduce and debate resolutions and amendments. Formal debate is important to the committee s work. By not knowing the rules of procedure, delegates slow down the debate and hold back their committee s progress. Moderated Caucus: During a caucus, which is a temporary recess, the rules of procedure are suspended. To go to a moderated caucus, a delegate makes a motion to suspend debate and the committee votes. Caucusing helps to facilitate discussion, especially when there is a long speakers list. A moderated caucus is a mixture of both formal and informal debate. Anyone may speak if they raise their placard and are called on by the Chair. Unmoderated Caucus: In an unmoderated caucus, delegates meet informally with one another and the committee staff to discuss and negotiate draft resolutions, amendments and other issues. Rules of Procedure Here presents the special Rules of Procedure adapted to UNEP of BDMUNC Any rule not mentioned in this document would follow the General Rules of Procedure for US Model UN Conference. Though Dais Members would give necessary explanations in the 1 st Session of the Conference, we strongly recommend you to read this document completely and carefully ahead of the Conference. 1. General Rules 1) This Committee is an English Crisis Committee; official language would always be English except for: Introduction of Dais Members; Explanation of Rules and Procedures; Daily Summary;

8 2) All Delegates should attend full sessions of the conference on time. Being absent would definitely influence the evaluation of the Delegate from the Dais; 3) Laptops, Tablets, Multimedia Players or other electronic devices are not permitted in the Committee Room. Please make sure that your cell phones have turned off or switched in Silence Mode. Delegates can apply for a short absence in order to use their laptops or tablets by sending a page to the Dais; 4) This committee would meet Crisis Issue in some specific sessions; once the crisis room is opened, all delegate should follow the rules of Crisis. 2. Conference Rules 1) There are 5 Dais Members, 45 Delegates representing 45 countries; 2) Dais Member: Chair: Take charge of chairing a conference, moderates debates and controlling conference procedure; Director: Take charge of recording, answering points and approving papers; Rapporteur: Take charge of keeping the speaker s list and taking the roll call; Crisis Room: Take charge of releasing, controlling the crisis, also providing more details and solving points on the crisis; 3. General Conference Procedure 3.1 Speeches. No delegation may address the Committee or Council without obtaining the permission of the Chair, Delegations are called upon in the order in which they signify their desire to speak or the order on the speakers list, Delegations, not Representatives, are recognized to speak; more than one Representative assigned to that one Committee or Council from the same delegation may speak when the delegation is recognized, Speakers must keep their remarks germane to the subject under discussion, A time limit may be established for speeches to be determined at the same time a Speakers List is created, Speakers are allowed to yield to the floor, to questions, and to other delegations; Representatives, at the conclusion of a substantive speech, will be allowed, if they yield their time, to answer questions concerning their speech, A delegation that desires to ask a question should signify by raising a Point of Inquiry, All questions and replies are directed through the Chair, A speaker who desires to make a motion may do so after his or her speech or questioning, but prior to yielding the floor, By making a motion, the speaker yields the floor, If a delegate does not yield at the conclusion of his or her remarks, it is assumed that they yield to the floor.

9 3.2 Recognition of Speakers. Delegates wishing to speak on an item before the body will signify by raising their placards, A motion to open the Speakers List will be entertained at the start of debate on a topic and requires a second. There will be one Speakers List per topic, and once the Speakers List has been exhausted, debate shall close on the topic and the body will move into voting procedure. A motion to close the Speakers List will be entertained at the Chair s discretion. This motion requires a second and is debatable by up to two speakers against the motion. It requires a majority vote to pass. 4. Draft Resolutions and Amendments 4.1 Definition of a Draft Resolution. A draft resolution is a proposal 4.2 Draft Resolutions. For a draft resolution to be considered for debate, it must have a minimum of twenty-five percent of the delegations in attendance listed as sponsors or signatories, Draft resolutions should be brought to and signed by the Chair or Vice Chair for acknowledgement upon receipt of the required amount of signatures, After acceptance by the Chair or Vice Chair, draft resolutions shall be processed in the order in which they are received and distributed to all delegations as soon as feasible, The Chair shall announce draft resolutions which are available for discussion on the floor as they are ready for distribution, Once a draft resolution is on the floor for debate, additional sponsors may only be added to that draft resolution with the consent of the original sponsors. 4.3 Definition of an Amendment. An amendment is a motion that adds to, deletes from, or revises any part of a draft resolution. An amendment cannot change the nature of a draft resolution. 4.4 Amendments. All amendments must either be agreed upon by all sponsors of the resolution, making it a friendly amendment. It must have fifteen percent of the delegations in attendance listed as sponsors or signatories and not all of the sponsors of the draft resolution agree to the amendment, making it an unfriendly amendment. An amendment is submitted on an official amendment form to the Committee or Council Chair or Vice Chair for approval. Amendments will be approved if they are legible, organized in content and flow, and in the proper format, The Chair shall announce the amendments that are available for debate. Typographical errors will be corrected by the Chair and announced to the body, One or more amendments may be considered on the floor at any given time,

10 A friendly amendment automatically becomes part of a draft resolution upon receipt by the Chair, The Chair shall announce the acceptance of a friendly amendment on the first opportunity at which no speaker has the floor. 5. Voting 5.1 Voting Rights. Each member delegation shall have one vote in each Committee or Council on which it is represented, No Representative or delegation may cast a vote on behalf of another country. 5.2 Simple Majority. Unless otherwise specified in these rules, decisions in Committees and Councils shall be made by a majority vote of those nations present and voting. If there is an equal division between yes and no votes, the motion fails, The phrase present and voting refers to members casting affirmative or negative votes. Members that cast a final abstention are not voting, 5.3 Method of Voting. Committees and Councils shall normally vote by a show of raised placards. The Chair will grant a request by a delegation for a roll-call vote on any substantive matter. Roll-call votes, when applicable, shall be called in English alphabetical order beginning with a nation selected at random by the Chair or Vice Chair. Representatives shall reply yes, no, abstain, or abstain from the order of voting. A nation may abstain from the order of voting once during a roll-call; a second abstention from the order of voting will be recorded as an abstention. 6. Crisis Room Rule 6.1. There are three formats of the crisis in this committee: a) CR Crisis; CR Crisis means that dais provide all the needed information; it s the main format of the crisis in this committee; b) Crisis Information Provided by Delegates; Crisis Information Provided by Delegates means that all the delegates can ask for or provide more extended information after the CR Crisis issuance or during the discussion of the crisis. Dais will oversee all the information delegates provide before releasing the crisis information. Furthermore, this information may influence any following step of actions in this committee. Any documents or information not approved by the Crisis Room will make no effect in this committee; c) Temporary Guest Interactive;

11 Temporary Guest Interactive means that there are special people who represent different characters relating with the crisis. These characters will come to the assembly room and take part in the interactive activities, mostly the format of interlocution. Delegates wishing to speak, ask questions, give comments for specific information may raise placard. Chair will decide which countries to ask questions. The time duration of this section depends on the conference procedure and specific characters; 6.2. Procedure of Crisis Resolution For the sake of solving crises, delegates should compose Emergency Resolution, which can be known as ER for short, instead of Draft Directive in general committees; Emergency Resolution is the reactive actions or solutions corresponded to the specific crisis. This document should be concrete and maneuverable. It doesn t need perambulatory clause but some short and clear clauses indicating the actions from global society and involved aspects; The amount of Sponsors and Signatories should be over 20% of the amount of total countries. Only one ER can be passed for each specific crisis; Draft ER may be amended only once and no discussion allowed after an amended ER is submitted. Voting procedure will follow the end of discussion or the submission of an amended ER. There are no individual amendments in this committee; Voting procedure would start when a motion to close debate is passed. Bilateral statements for Delegates who are FOR/AGAINST this motion may proceed when necessary; no time-yielding is permitted during these statements; Voting procedures of ER would go same with general Voting procedure of Draft Resolutions; 7. Procedural Motions in Order of Priority 7.1 Suspension of the Meeting. During the discussion of any matter, a Representative may move to suspend the meeting, except when such a motion would interrupt a speaker. Suspending a meeting recesses it for the time specified in the motion, A second and a majority vote are required for this motion to pass, The motion is not debatable, The Chair may request the mover to modify the time of suspension, If the motion passes, the Committee or Council, when it reconvenes, will continue its business from the point at which the suspension was moved. 7.2 Adjournment of the Meeting. The motion of adjournment means that all business of the Committee or Council has been completed, and that the Committee or Council will not reconvene until the next annual session,

12 A second and a majority vote are required for this motion to pass, This motion is only in order if the Chair entertains the motion; A motion to adjourn the meeting is not debatable, and will be put to an immediate vote. 7.3 Closure of the Debate. A Representative may move to close debate on an issue before the Committee or Council at any time, except when such a motion would interrupt a speaker, If closure passes, the item upon which debate was closed will be put to a vote, A second and a majority vote are required for this motion to pass Two delegations may speak against closure, and the motion will then be put to a vote, When discussing an amendment, Representatives should specify whether the motion for closure applies to the amendment in question or to the draft resolution, If closure passes on the draft resolution, all amendments on the floor will be voted on in the reverse order from which they were moved to the floor, After voting on all amendments is completed, the draft resolution shall be voted upon in accordance with these rules. 7.4 Consideration of Agenda Items. Agenda items will be considered in the order in which they appear on the Committees and Topics list, unless that order is altered by the passage of a motion to Change the Order of Consideration of the Agenda Items, A second and a majority vote are required for this motion to pass, The motion is not debatable. 7.5 Limits on Debate. A motion to limit or extend the time allotted to each delegation is in order at any time. It may also be moved to limit the time allowed for debate on an agenda topic, a draft resolution, or an amendment. This motion may be proposed by the Chair or a delegation, A second and a majority vote are required for this motion to pass, Two delegations may speak in favor of the motion and two in opposition to it. 7.6 Consideration of Amendments. To bring an amendment to the floor for discussion, a delegation must first be recognized by the Chair, No second is required, The Chair will present the amendment to the body, The delegation(s) moving consideration will be allowed to speak first on the amendment, if it so desires. The delegation(s) will have one minute to present and speak about the amendment.

13 7.7 Consideration of Draft Resolutions. Draft resolutions with at least twenty-five percent of the signatures of present delegations may be considered on the floor. A draft resolution may be moved to the floor by a Motion for Consideration of a Draft Resolution. More than one draft resolution may be considered on the floor at one time, A second is required for this motion to pass, This motion is not debatable, If the motion passes, the delegation moving consideration will be allowed to speak first on the draft resolution and accept questions for the current speaker s time, if they so desire, they may entertain non-substantive questions from the body. 7.8 Speakers List. A motion to open a speakers list is in order when a new agenda item is before the body. A second to the motion is required. 7.9 Caucus. A motion for a caucus can be made at any time there is a call for main motions. The motion should include if it is a moderated or unmoderated caucus, the time of the caucus, and the reason for the caucus. 8. Document Declaration All rules are self-sufficient and applicable only in UNEP of BDMUNC All rights of explanations and modification are reserved to the Dais Members;

14 File Samples There is a piece of standard position paper below. As we can see, a position paper shall be composed of two sections: basic information and position explanation. Definitely, the explanation of a country s position towards the topic is always the most important in the position paper. The position paper should be written by the delegate who represents a certain country at the conference and be submitted to the secretariat before the deadline Sample Position Paper Delegate: XX (or XX, XX) Country: The Democratic People s Republic of Algeria Committee: United Nations General Assembly - Disarmament and Security Committee Topic: International cooperation and anti-terrorism On the top of a position paper, the following five parts must be included: Delegate, School, Country, Committee and Topic. This section helps the secretariat to know the basic information and it s also necessary part of any position paper submitted to the secretariat a few months before the conference. The following four passages is the main section of a position paper. It should contain four main parts (each paragraph one is the best choice), namely a brief statement of the issue and the country's standpoint, past actions, important treaties and resolutions the country has signed and ratified and proposals on the given topic area. A position paper is qualified only when all the four parts are included in it. So that s the most important thing in writing a position paper. Terrorism has occurred throughout history and in all parts of the world, including Algeria. In the past, terrorism was considered a domestic problem that should be dealt with by individual nations. But today, travel and communication has become much easier. This has helped terrorist group work on a worldwide scale and terrorism has become the major problem facing the government s all around the world. Algeria has also long suffered the ravages of terrorism. Thus, Algeria believes that international cooperation in anti-terrorism has become ever so important. The first paragraph generally describes the problem of terrorism and why anti-terrorism came to one of the most important issues in the committee. It also tells us some information about terrorism in Algeria. Above all, the most important sentence of

15 this passage is the last one; it directly reveals the standpoint of the country, the belief in international cooperation. So that s what we call a brief statement of the issue and the country's standpoint. Prior to Sep. 11 th, 2001, the international community drafted several declarations regarding global terrorism. In 1994, the Declaration of Measure to Eliminate International Terrorism was written by the UN, which encouraged countries to share information so that others would know about terrorist groups. The World Trade center and Pentagon tragedies dramatically proved that new UN measures were required. In late September of 2001, the Security Council drew up a more specific response to multinational terrorism in the form of Resolution The resolution called upon all member states to stop funding terrorists and to exchange information regarding terrorism. According to the resolution, it is also UN s responsibility to help countries stop terrorism within their own borders and to establish the Counter-terrorism Committee its report providing an overview of national measures to prevent and combat terrorism. The second paragraph lists the main past actions UN has taken, such as the Declaration of Measure to Eliminate International Terrorism in 1994 and Resolution 1373 passed by the Security Council in 2001, and explained what each one aimed at. So that s what we call past action part. Algeria s national laws and regulations have been gradually tailored to the sovereign goals of the State in matters of counter-terrorism, with a view to encompass on all activities associated with preventing, suppression and combating terrorism and terrorist networks throughout national territory. It defines as a subversive or terrorist act any offence targeting State security, territorial integrity or the stability or normal functioning of institutions through any action. Any person who creates, founds, organizes, or directs any association, body, group or organization categorized as terrorist is liable to rigorous imprisonment. The advocating and financing of terrorist crimes are also punishable. As early as 1995, Algeria was one of the first countries to criminalize the financing of terrorism (1994/2/25). The third paragraph lists the past actions Algeria has taken to fight against terrorism, such as national laws and regulations, the definition of terrorism and its part in international cooperation. That s what we call important treaties and resolutions the country has signed and ratified. Algeria urges a more effective and better controlled information-exchange system

16 under the Counter-Terrorism Committee, so that more countries will consider offering sensitive intelligence reports. UN should also take the responsibility to make international cooperation against terrorism, which is extremely important, more effective and credible and to set up an international fund to support the fight against terrorism, which will provide multifaceted aid to developing countries to help them adapt and harmonize their national legislation and help with technical assistance and necessary equipment for an effective global response to terrorism. All member nations should make more effort to ensure that funds belonging to individuals, entitles or organizations that are suspected of being sources of funding for terrorist groups are frozen and confiscated. Certain nations that have a strong tradition of granting asylum where terrorist networks have developed that now threaten their own security, should urgently review their procedures for granting asylums and should inquire of the countries of origin of the asylum seekers concerning their status. The fourth paragraph reveals the country s proposals on the given topic, such as urging an information-exchange system and setting up an international fund to support the fight against terrorism. It reveals the specific measures the country intends to take in international cooperation, which reflects the basic standpoints of the country. So the last paragraph is what other countries often focus on for from that it can know the general agreement and disagreement with the country. So the last paragraph of a position paper is the most important. Summarize to Position Paper The expression of a position paper is not as formal as a draft resolution, but it also requires a formal format. Once a delegate is to speak according to the Speakers List at the conference, he can refer to the position paper to let other delegates know the standpoints of his country, but this usually happens in the first few sessions of the conference. Of course the delegate can have no reference to the position paper. For example, as the conference gets along, the delegate may state the stand points of his country according to some specific issues. So a position paper is only a document that is to be submitted to the secretariat and to let delegates from other countries know the standpoints of your country.

17 Sample DRAFT RESOLUTION Committee: The Security Council Topic: Punishment on D. P. R. Korea s Nuclear Test Sponsors: USA, UK Signatories: People s Republic of China, Russian Federation, France A Draft Resolution can be introduced when it receives the approval of the Director and is signed by 20% of the countries (sponsors + signatories) present at the session. The Security Council, The name of the committee should be pointed at the beginning of the main body and a comma at the end of it is needed. The draft resolution is written in the format of a long sentence and rest of the draft resolution consists of clauses with the first word of each clause underlined. The next section, consisting of Perambulatory Clauses, describes the problem being addressed, recalls past actions taken, explains the purpose of the draft resolution, and offers support for the operative clauses that follow. Each clause in the preamble begins with an underlined word and ends with a comma. Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, including resolution 825 (1993), resolution 1540 (2004) and, in particular, resolution 1695 (2006), as well as the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), Review of the past actions, Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security, Description of the problem being addressed, Expressing the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People s Republic of Korea (DPRK) that it has conducted a test of a nuclear weapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond, Description of the problem being addressed, Expressing its firm conviction that the international regime on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons should be maintained and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the

18 status of a nuclear-weapon state in accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Purpose of the draft resolution, Deploring the DPRK s announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and its pursuit of nuclear weapons, Description of the problem being addressed, Deploring further that the DPRK has refused to return to the Six-Party talks without precondition, Description of the problem being addressed, Endorsing the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States, Review of the past actions, Underlining the importance that the DPRK respond to other security and humanitarian concerns of the international community, Description of the problem being addressed, Expecting the world in a peaceful state without concern of proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Purpose of the draft resolution, The following are the Operative Clauses. Operative Clauses are numbered and state the action to be taken by the body. These clauses are all with the present tense active verbs and are generally stronger words than those used in the Preamble. Each operative clause is followed by a semi-colon except the last, which ends with a period. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41, 1. Condemns the nuclear test proclaimed by the DPRK on 9 October 2006 in flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1695 (2006), as well as of the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), including that such a test would bring universal condemnation of the international community and would represent a clear threat to international peace and security; 2. Demands that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a ballistic missile; 3. Demands that the DPRK immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;

19 4. Demands further that the DPRK return to the Treat on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, and underlines the need for all States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to continue to comply with their Treaty obligations; 5. Decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching; 6. Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner, shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the terms and conditions of its International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safeguards Agreement (IAEA INFCIRC/403) and shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals, documentation, equipments and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA; 7. Decides also that the DPRK shall abandon all other existing weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programme in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner; 8. Decides that: (a) All Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK, through their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in their territories, of: (i) Any battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems as defined for the purpose of the United Nations Register on Conventional Arms, or related materiel including spare parts, or items as determined by the Security Council or the Committee established by paragraph 12 below (the Committee); (ii) All items, materials, equipment, goods and technology as set out in the lists in documents S/2006/814 and S/2006/815, unless within 14 days of adoption of this resolution the Committee has amended or completed their provisions also taking into account the list in document S/2006/816, as well as other items, materials, equipment, goods and technology, determined by the Security Council or the Committee, which could contribute to DPRK's nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes; (iii) Luxury goods; (b) The DPRK shall cease the export of all items covered in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above and that all Member States shall prohibit the procurement of such items from the DPRK by their nationals, or using their flagged vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in the territory of the DPRK;

20 (c) All Member States shall prevent any transfers to the DPRK by their nationals or from their territories, or from the DPRK by its nationals or from its territory, of technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of the items in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above; (d) All Member States shall, in accordance with their respective legal processes, freeze immediately the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories at the date of the adoption of this resolution or at any time thereafter, that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the persons or entities designated by the Committee or by the Security Council as being engaged in or providing support for, including through other illicit means, DPRK's nuclear-related, other weapons of mass destruction-related and ballistic missile-related programmes, or by persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, and ensure that any funds, financial assets or economic resources are prevented from being made available by their nationals or by any persons or entities within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities; An operative clause can consist of several clauses marked with a, b, c, d, etc, 9. Decides that the provisions of paragraph 8 (d) above do not apply to financial or other assets or resources that have been determined by relevant States: (a) To be necessary for basic expenses, including payment for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges, or exclusively for payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services, or fees or service charges, in accordance with national laws, for routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds, other financial assets and economic resources, after notification by the relevant States to the Committee of the intention to authorize, where appropriate, access to such funds, other financial assets and economic resources and in the absence of a negative decision by the Committee within five working days of such notification; (b) To be necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that such determination has been notified by the relevant States to the Committee and has been approved by the Committee; or (c) To be subject of a judicial, administrative or arbitral lien or judgment, in which case the funds, other financial assets and economic resources may be used to satisfy that lien or judgment provided that the lien or judgment was entered prior to the date of the present resolution, is not for the benefit of a person referred to in paragraph 8; (d) Above or an individual or entity identified by the Security Council or the Committee, and has been notified by the relevant States to the Committee;

21 10. Decides that the measures imposed by paragraph 8 (e) above shall not apply where the Committee determines on a case-by-case basis that such travel is justified on the grounds of humanitarian need, including religious obligations, or where the Committee concludes that an exemption would otherwise further the objectives of the present resolution; 11. Calls upon all Member States to report to the Security Council within thirty days of the adoption of this resolution on the steps they have taken with a view to implementing effectively the provisions of paragraph 8 above; 12. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the Council, to undertake the following tasks: (a) To seek from all States, in particular those producing or possessing the items, materials, equipment, goods and technology referred to in paragraph 8 (a) above, information regarding the actions taken by them to implement effectively the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above of this resolution and whatever further information it may consider useful in this regard; (b) To examine and take appropriate action on information regarding alleged violations of measures imposed by paragraph 8 of this resolution; (c) To consider and decide upon requests for exemptions set out in paragraphs 9 and 10 above; (d) To determine additional items, materials, equipment, goods and technology to be specified for the purpose of paragraphs 8 (a) (i) and 8 (a) (ii) above; (e) To designate additional individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 8 (d) and 8 (e) above; (f) To promulgate guidelines as may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of the measures imposed by this resolution; (g) To report at least every 90 days to the Security Council on its work, with its observations and recommendations, in particular on ways to strengthen the effectiveness of the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above; 13. Welcomes and encourages further the efforts by all States concerned to intensify their diplomatic efforts, to refrain from any actions that might aggravate tension and to facilitate the early resumption of the Six-Party Talks, with a view to the expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States, to achieve the verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in north-east Asia; 14. Calls upon the DPRK to return immediately to the Six-Party Talks without precondition and to work towards the expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States;

22 15. Affirms that it shall keep DPRK's actions under continuous review and that it shall be prepared to review the appropriateness of the measures contained in paragraph 8 above, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or lifting of the measures, as may be needed at that time in light of the DPRK's compliance with the provisions of the resolution; 16. Underlines that further decisions will be required, should additional measures be necessary; 17. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. Appendix: SAMPLE PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES: Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Bearing in mind Believing Cognizant of Confident Contemplating Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply convinced Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Desiring Emphasizing Expecting Expressing its appreciation Expressing its satisfaction Fulfilling Fully alarmed Fully aware Fully believing Further developing Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having considered further Having devoted attention Having examined Having heard Having received Having studied Keeping in mind Noting further Noting further Noting with approval Noting with deep concern Noting with regret Noting with satisfaction Observing Reaffirming Realizing Recalling Recognizing Referring Seeking Taking into account Taking note Viewing with appreciation Welcoming

23 SAMPLE OPERATIVE CLAUSE: Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls for Calls upon Condemns Confirms Congratulates Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Designates Draws attention Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further recommends Further reminds Further requests Further resolves Has resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Regrets Reminds Requests Resolves Solemnly affirms Strongly condemns Supports Takes note of Trusts Urges At any time, please feel free to contact us with questions, opinions or any ideas you have via to Note again that please join in our QQ Group for Delegates as soon as possible, the Group number is already present in the Welcome Letter of 1 st Update.