Historical Period 9: Vocabulary

Transcription

1 Historical Period 9: Vocabulary Word Definition E/S/ P/N 1. Contract With America Pledge made by Republican candidates in the 1994 election campaign to scale back government, eliminate some regulations, create jobs, cut taxes, and balance the budget 2. Balkans Crisis Yugoslavia, Bosnia, and Kosovo were republics held together under the USSR When communism collapses these republics declare independence and civil war breaks out between the ethnic & religious groups such as the Croats, Serbs, and Muslims. Orthodox Christian Serbs begin ethnic cleansing against Bosnian Muslims to regain territory in Bosnia and Kosovo. in 1995, NATO uses air strikes against Serbian positions. A cease fire takes place in North American Free Trade Agreement Agreement calling for the removal of trade restrictions among Canada, Mexico and the US US response to EU (European Union) Proposed by Bush Sr. and passed under Clinton Analysis Which Republican candidate is the main author of the document? What is ethnic cleansing? What does President Clinton do during this crisis (1995 and 1999)? 4. Bill Clinton s Impeachment Scandal In 1999 Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives for lying under oath (about an affair with white house intern Monica Lewinsky). The vote fell short in the senate. What is the legal term for lying under oath?

2 5. World Trade Organization Sets trade policies and mediates disputes among its more than 150 member nations Replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 6. Bush v Gore The Court's decision in Bush v. Gore announced on December 12, 2000, ended the recounts, effectively awarding Florida's votes to Bush and granting him the victory. This marked only the fourth election in U.S. history in which the eventual winner failed to win a the popular vote (after the elections of 1824, 1876, and 1888) 7. Election of 2000 It was held on Tuesday, November 7, The contest was between Republican candidates George W. Bush and Democratic candidate Al Gore Gore won the popular vote, but the Election results hinged on Florida, where the margin of victory triggered a mandatory recount. The results would lead to the Supreme Court Case of Bush v Gore. 8. Globalization the integration of the cultures, economies, and politics of nations around the world What organization formed in 1947 did this replace? (Jarrett book 352) Who actually won the popular vote? (Bush or Gore) What was Gore before he was the Democratic Presidential candidate in the 2000 election? Give an example of globalization: 9. NO Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) Passed by George W. Bush in 2002 Penalizes schools that do not reach federal performance standards o States respond with stricter standardized testing What standardized test do we (TX) take to comply with NCLB?

3 9. Oklahoma City Bombing Was a domestic terrorist bomb attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995 by Timothy McVeigh 168 lives were lost and injured more than 680 people. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 buildings within a 16-block radius, destroyed or burned 86 cars, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, causing at least an estimated $652 million worth of damage 10. Omnibus Bill the reconciliation act of 1993 Legislation created to reduce the federal budget deficit by cutting spending and increasing taxes. It led to a projected budget surplus toward the end of the 1990s What does the term domestic terrorist attack mean? Have we had a budget surplus since Clinton? (Google) 11. Don t Ask Don t Tell Policy was the official United States policy on service by gays and lesbians in the military instituted by the Clinton Administration in February 28, The policy prohibited military personnel from discriminating against or harassing closeted homosexual or bisexual service members or applicants, while barring openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons from military service. 12. Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Enacted September 21, 1996 it is a United States federal law that allows states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. It officially defines marriage as that between a man and a woman for federal purposes. Which president would repeal (end) the Don t ask don t tell policy? Which president was this act created under?

4 13. Guantanamo Bay Also referred to as Guantánamo, G-bay or GTMO (pronounced 'gitmo') is a United States military prison located within Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. established in January 2002 Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld said the prison camp was established to detain extraordinarily dangerous persons, to interrogate detainees in an optimal setting, and to prosecute detainees for war crimes. 14. September 11, 2001 a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group Al- Qaeda on the United States in New York City and on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, September 11, The attacks killed 2,996 people and caused at least $10 billion in damage Bin Laden (the leader of Al- Qaeda) opposed the presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia, the economic boycott against Iraq, and US support of Israel 15. American Recovery and Investment Act of 2009 (ARIA) was an economic stimulus package enacted by Congress in February 2009 and signed into law on by President Barack Obama The primary objective for was to save and create jobs Secondary objectives were to provide temporary relief programs for those most impacted by the recession and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy. The approximate cost of the economic stimulus package was estimated to be $787 billion, later revised to $831 billion between What did president Obama promise to do to Guantanamo Bay? Who does the US blame for the attacks? What was this act trying to prevent America from having happen again (think back to unit 7)?

5 16. Hurricane Katrina Hit the Gulf coast in 2005 Especially hard on New Orleans where rising waters breeched levees protecting the low-lying city Citizens were forced onto rooftops and thousands awaited rescue at the Superdome Stadium The governments slow response was criticized 17. Global Warming a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth's climate. The increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities, are believed to be the cause of the global warming 18. Recession a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters 20. The Troubled Asses Relief Program (TARP) Supported by George W. Bush TARP funds were used to make multibillion-dollar loans to at-risk banks 21. PATRIOT Act Gives law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists Critics claim it violates your civil liberties o Wire-tapping controversy Department of Homeland Security was formed to coordinate security matters among federal, state, and local agencies Has New Orleans fully recovered from Hurricane Katrina? Most scientists agree that this is real; however there are other non-scientists who believe this to be a hoax. What do you think? Did America experience a recession recently ( )? Why might some people be upset about taxpayer money being used to help out banks? Does this remind you of another time period? What are civil liberties?

6 22. War on Terror First step would be to find the people behind the 9/11 attacks (Al Qaeda) Bin Laden and other Al Qaeda leaders were in Afghanistan where the Islamist Taliban government allowed them to operate training camps for terrorist Bush believed that any government that sponsored terrorism should be held accountable and he demanded that they turn over Bin Laden to the US. When Afghanistan refused US forces along with Great Britain invaded Afghanistan and overthrew the Taliban Gov Bin Laden escaped The war expanded to Iraq when George Bush believed that the leader Saddam Hussein was harboring weapons of mass destruction (WMD) 23. Election of 2008 Barak Obama (democrat) vs John McCain (republican) Important first first African American to win a presidential election Did Saddam Hussein have WMDs? What were some of Obama s political goals/promises? 24. Barak Obama is the 44th and current President of the United States, and the first African American to hold the office elected to two terms: 2008/ Sonia Sontemayor appointed by Obama as the first justice of Hispanic heritage, its third female justice Sotomayor shares with John Roberts and Elena Kagan being among the youngest justices on the Supreme Court. What health care reform is he known for? What does it do (really do)? Why is she important?

7 26. Al Gore is an American politician, advocate and philanthropist, who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States ( ), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and lost the 2000 U.S. presidential election despite winning the popular vote 27. Bill Clinton ( )President who advocated economic and healthcare reform. Third President to be impeached but was acquitted by the Senate What movie about Global Warming and the environment is he famous for? Was Clinton officially impeached? 28. George W. Bush is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd President of the United States of America from 2001 to 2009 and the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to Ross Perot Billionaire businessman who challenged Bill Clinton and George HW Bush for the presidency in 1992; strong opponent of NAFTA What political party was this president? Why are 3 rd party candidates important? 30. Ralph Nader American political activist, author, lecturer, and attorney. Nader is a 5 time candidate for President : ran as a writein candidate in the 1992 New Hampshire Democratic primary, as the Green Party nominee in 1996 and 2000, and as an independent candidate in 2004 and Bill Gates developed a small software business in his garage that eventually employed numerous Americans and set the standard in computer software Give an example of a 3 rd party that Nader chose to run under for president: What is the name of his company?

8 32. Estee Lauder listed as one of Times most influential business people in 1998 Estée Lauder grew up in New York and developed a world renowned beauty company. What kind of products is Estee Lauder known for? 33. Lionel Sosa founder of the largest Hispanic advertising agency in Texas: the San Antonio advertising agency advertised the Bush campaign to help get the Latino vote Bush won 40% of Latino voters in Robert Johnson founder of television network BET (Black Entertainment Television) Name one company/product his advertising agency has advertised: Does Robert Johnson still own the BET network? 35. Hillary Clinton First Lady of President Bill Clinton. Only first lady to be elected to a position in the US government after being First Lady. She came the closest to winning a presidential nomination of any woman in history. Served as Secretary of State under President Obama. 36. Sam Walton small-town general store owner who believed he could bring important goods to rural America. His store Walmart is now known as an industry leader in supply chain operations and brings low prices and common goods to communities across the world What do many people think Hillary Clinton will run for in 2016? What competition does Walmart have?