APPENDIX C STATE UNIFORM TRUST CODE STATUTES
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1 APPENDIX C STATE UNIFORM TRUST CODE STATUTES 122
2 STATE STATE UNIFORM TRUST CODE STATUTES CITATION Alabama Ala. Code 19-3B B-1305 Arkansas Ark. Code Ann District of Columbia D.C. Code Florida Fla. Stat Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann. 58a a-1107 Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat ,110 New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B:l B: New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann. 46A A North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C C North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann Oregon Or. Rev. Stat Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat South Carolina S.C. Code Ann Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann Utah Utah Code Ann Virginia Va. Code Ann Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann Note: The information in this appendix is derived from information that is available at (last visited Mar. 13, 2008). 123
3 APPENDIX D STATE PERPETUITIES STATUTES 124
4 State STATE PERPETUITIES STATUTES Citation PERMITS PERPETUAL TRUSTS Alaska Alaska Stat , Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat (A) Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 25, 503 District of Columbia D.C. Code (a)(10) Idaho Idaho Code Illinois 765 Ill. Comp. Stat. 305/3(a-5), 305/4(a)(8) Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 33, 101-A Maryland Md. Code Ann., Est. & Trusts (b)(5) Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat (9) New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564:24 New Jersey N.J. Stat. Ann. 46:2F-9 46:2F-11 North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann (B) Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat (b)(1) Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws , Virginia Va. Code Ann (C) Wisconsin Wis. Stat (1)(a) PERMITS VERY LONG TRUSTS Colorado (1,000 years) Colo. Rev. Stat Florida (360 years) Fla. Stat Nevada (365 years) Nev. Rev. Stat Tennessee (360 years) Tenn. Code Ann (f) Utah (1,000 years) Utah Code Ann Washington (150 years) Wash. Rev. Code Wyoming (1,000 years) Wyo. Stat. Ann FOLLOWS USRAP Arkansas Ark. Code Ann California Cal. Prob. Code Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat. 45a-491 Georgia Ga. Code Ann Hawaii Haw. Rev. Stat Indiana Ind. Code , Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch.184a, 1 Michigan Mich. Comp. Laws Minnesota Minn. Stat. 501A.01 Montana Mont. Code Ann New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code Oregon Or. Rev. Stat South Carolina S.C. Code Ann West Virginia W. Va. Code 36-1A-1 125
5 STATE PERPETUITIES STATUTES FOLLOWS COMMON-LAW RULE AGAINST PERPETUITIES Alabama Ala. Code Iowa Iowa Code Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann Mississippi Miss. Code Ann New York N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law Oklahoma Okla. Stat. tit. 60, 31 Texas Tex. Prop. Code Ann Vermont Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 27, REQUIRES TRUST TO TERMINATE AT LATER OF DEATH OF LAST INCOME BENEFICIARY OR 20 YEARS AFTER SETTLOR S DEATH Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9:1831(1) Note: Special rules apply to class trusts (La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9:1891, 9:1901). 1/08 126
6 APPENDIX E BASES OF STATE INCOME TAXATION OF NONGRANTOR TRUSTS 127
7 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in State Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary Alabama Ala. Code (21), , , ; Ala. Admin. Code r , ; Pp. 2 3 of instructions to 2007 Ala. Form Alaska Arizona No Income tax imposed on trusts. Ariz. Rev. Stat (2), , (5), ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Ariz. Form 141AZ Arkansas Ark. Code Ann , , ; Ark. Inc. Tax. Reg ; Pp. 1, 3 of instructions to 2007 Ark. AR California Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code 17041, 17731, ; Cal. Code Regs. tit. 18, ; P. 14 of instructions to 2007 Cal. Form 541. Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat (10), , ; P. 3 of instructions to 2007 Colo. Form 105. Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat (a)(6)(D), (a)(7), (a)(4)(C), (D), (a)(19); Pp. 5, 7 of instructions to 2007 Form CT
8 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in State Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 30, 1102(a), 1105, 1601(8), 1605(b), 1631, ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Del. Form 400-I. District of Columbia D.C. Code , , , ; P. 6 of instructions to 2007 D.C. D Florida Georgia No income tax imposed on trusts; Florida intangible personal property tax repealed for 2007 and later years. Ga. Code Ann (b), (d), , , Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r ; P. 2 of instructions to 2007 Ga. Form 501. Hawaii Haw. Rev. Stat , , 235-4, , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Haw. Form N Idaho Idaho Code B, C, ; Idaho Admin. Code Regs , , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Idaho Form Illinois 35 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/201(a), (b)(3), 5/1501(20); Ill. Admin. Code tit. 86, (a); P. 4 of instructions to 2007 IL
9 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in State Trustee Noncontingen t Beneficiary Indiana Ind. Code , (d), , ; Ind. Admin. Code tit. 45, r (d); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Ind. Form IT-41. Iowa Iowa Code , 422.9; Iowa Admin. Code r., (422); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Iowa Form IA Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann ,109, 79-32,110(a)(2), (d), 79-32,134; P. 3 of instructions to 2007 Kan. Form K-41. Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann (9) (11), , (1); Pp. 1, 5 of instructions to 2007 Ky. Form 741. Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 47:181 47:182,, 47:187, 47: :300.3, 47:300.6,, 47:300.10(3); P. 5 of instructions to 2007 La. Form IT Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 36, 5102(1-C) (A), (4), 5111, 5121, 5160, 5403; P. 11 of instructions to 2007 Form 1041ME. 130
10 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in State Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary Maryland Md. Code Ann., Tax Gen (e), (g), (k)(1), , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Md. Form 504. Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 62, 4, 10(a), (c), (e); P. 4 of instructions to 2007 Mass. Form , 7 Michigan Mich. Comp. Laws , (1)(c), (1)(f),(g),(6), e; P. 2 of instructions to 2007 MI Minnesota Minn. Stat Subd. 7b, (3), Subd. 2c; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Minn. Form M2 Mississippi Miss. Code Ann (1), ; CMSR , Regs. 101, 1001; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Miss. Form Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat , , , , , , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Form MO Montana Mont. Code Ann (32), , , , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Mont. Form FID
11 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in State Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat (6), , , , ; P. 2 of instructions to 2007 Neb. Form 1041N. Nevada No income tax imposed on trusts. New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 77:1, 77:10 77:11; N.H. Code Admin. R. Ann ; P. 10 of instructions to 2007 N.H. Form DP New Jersey N.J. Stat. Ann. 54A:1-2(o), 54A:2-1, 54A:5-1, 54A:5-3; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Form NJ New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann , 7-2-7(C); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 N.M. Form F1D-1. New York North Carolina N.Y. Tax Law 601(c)(1), 605(b)(3)(B), , 618; N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 20, ; P. 2 of instructions to 2007 N.Y. Form IT-205. N.C. Gen. Stat , (a)(3), , , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 N.C. Form D
12 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in State Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code (12), , , ; N.D. Admin. Code ; P. 2 of instructions to 2007 N.D. Form 38. Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann (A), (I)(3), (S), (A)(5), (D), (E); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Ohio Form IT Oklahoma Okla. Stat. tit. 68, 2353(6), (12), 2355(B), (F); Okla. Admin. Code 710: (c); P. 2 of instructions to 2007 Okla. Form 513. Oregon Or. Rev. Stat (6), (1)(a), , (1)(d), (2); Or. Admin. R (3); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Or. Form 41. Pennsylvania 72 P.S. 7301(s), 7302, 7305; 61 Pa. Code 101.1; P. 5 of instructions to 2007 Form PA-41. Rhode Island R. I. Gen. Laws (a), (e), (a)(1), (b), (a), (b), (c)(2)(a)(5), (c); R.I. Code R. PIT ; Pp. 1-1, 1-3 of instructions to 2007 Form RI
13 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in Jurisdiction Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary South Carolina South Dakota S.C. Code Ann (5), , , ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Form SC1041. No income tax imposed on trusts. Tennessee Texas Tenn. Code Ann , (a); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Tenn. Form Inc No Income tax imposed on trusts. Utah Utah Code Ann (a), (w), (y), , , (1)(i); Pp. 1 2 of instructions to 2007 UT Form TC Vermont Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 32, 5811(11)(B), 5822(a), (a)(5); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Vt. Form FI-161. Virginia Washington Va. Code Ann , , , ; 23 Va. Admin. Code ; P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Va. Form 770. No Income tax imposed on trusts. West Virginia W. Va. Code , e, (c), , ; P. 2 of instructions to 2007 W. Va. Form IT
14 Bases of State Income Taxation of Nongrantor Trusts State Citations Trust Created by Will of Inter Vivos Trust Created by Trust Administered in Jurisdiction Trustee Noncontingent Beneficiary Wisconsin Wis. Stat (4), (11), (13), (16), 71.02(1), 71.06(1p), 71.14(2), (3), 71.17(4), , (1); P. 1 of instructions to 2007 Wis. Form Wyoming No income tax imposed on trusts. 1/08 1 Provided that trust has resident fiduciary or current beneficiary. 2. Provided that trust has resident trustee. 3 Provided that trust has resident noncontingent beneficiary. 4 Provided that trust has resident beneficiary. 5 Provided that other requirements are met. 6 Unless trust designates governing law other than Louisiana. 7 Provided that trust has Massachusetts trustee. 8 Unless trustees, beneficiaries, and administration are outside Michigan. 9 Post-1995 trusts only. 10 Pre-1996 trusts only. 11 Provided that trust has resident income beneficiary on last day of year. 12 Unless trustees and trust assets are outside state and no source income. 13 Inter vivos trusts only. 14 Trusts created or first administered in Wisconsin after October 28, 1999, only. 15 Irrevocable inter vivos trusts administered in Wisconsin before October 29, 1999, only. 135
15 APPENDIX F STATE PRUDENT-INVESTOR RULE STATUTES 136
16 STATE PRUDENT-INVESTOR RULE STATUTES State Citation Year Effective HAS STAND-ALONE PRUDENT-INVESTOR RULE Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, Florida Fla. Stat Georgia Ga. Code Ann Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9: New York N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law FOLLOWS 1994 UNIFORM PRUDENT INVESTOR ACT Alabama Ala. Code 19-3B B Alaska Alaska Stat Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat Arkansas Ark. Code Ann California Cal. Prob. Code 16002(a), 16003, Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat. 45a a-541l 1997 District of Columbia D.C. Code Hawaii Haw. Rev. Stat. 554C-1 554C Idaho Idaho Code Illinois 760 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/5 5/ Indiana Ind. Code Iowa Iowa Code 633A A Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann a a Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, Maryland Md. Code Ann., Est. & Trusts Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203C, Michigan Mich. Comp. Laws Minnesota Minn. Stat. 501B B Mississippi Miss. Code Ann Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat Montana Mont. Code Ann Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat Nevada Nev. Rev. Stat New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B: B: New Jersey N.J. Stat. Ann. 3B: B: New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C C North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann Oklahoma Okla. Stat. tit. 60, Oregon Or. Rev. Stat Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws South Carolina S.C. Code Ann South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws
17 STATE PRUDENT-INVESTOR RULE STATUTES FOLLOWS 1994 UNIFORM PRUDENT INVESTOR ACT (Cont d.) Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann Texas Tex. Prop. Code Ann Utah Utah Code Ann Vermont Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 9, Virginia Va. Code Ann Washington Wash. Rev. Code West Virginia W. Va. Code 44-6C C Wisconsin Wis. Stat Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann /08 Note: The text of the Uniform Prudent Investor Act (UPIA) is available at (last visited Mar. 13, 2008). To determine which states have enacted the UPIA, go to (last visited Mar. 13, 2008). 138
18 APPENDIX G STATE DIRECTED TRUST STATUTES 139
19 State STATE DIRECTED TRUST STATUTES Citation Follows 185 of Second Restatement of Trusts (directed trustee liable if direction violates terms of trust or fiduciary duty of directing person) Indiana Ind. Code (b) Iowa Iowa Code (2) Follows 808(b) of UTC (directed trustee liable if direction is manifestly contrary to terms of trust or trustee knows direction is serious breach of fiduciary duty of directing person) Alabama Ala. Code 19-3B-808(b) Arkansas Ark. Code Ann (b) District of Columbia D.C. Code (b) Florida Fla. Stat (2) Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann. 58a-808(b) Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, 808(2) Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat (2) Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann (b) New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B:8-808(b), 564-B: New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann. 46A-8-808(B) North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C-8-808(b) North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code (2) Oregon Or. Rev. Stat (2) Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. 7778(b) South Carolina S.C. Code Ann (b) Texas Tex. Prop. Code Ann (b) Virginia Va. Code Ann (B) Provides Substantial Protection (directed trustee liable for deficient execution of direction, for willful misconduct, or not at all) Colorado (investment decisions only) Colo. Rev. Stat Delaware (willful misconduct) Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3313 Georgia (investment decisions only) Ga. Code Ann (c) Idaho Idaho Code (2),(5) Indiana Kentucky (corporate trustees, investment decisions, authorized directions only) Ind. Code (a) Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann (B), (B), (B) Oklahoma (investment decisions only) Okla. Stat. tit. 60, South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws 55-1B-1 3, 55-1B-5 6, 55-1B-9 11 Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann , Utah (willful misconduct or gross Utah Code Ann (4) negligence; investment decisions only) Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann (b), ,
20 STATE DIRECTED TRUST STATUTES HAS NO DIRECTED TRUST STATUTE Alaska Arizona California Connecticut Hawaii Illinois Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Montana Nevada New Jersey New York Rhode Island Vermont Washington West Virginia Wisconsin 1/08 141
21 APPENDIX H STATE THIRD-PARTY TRUST STATUTES 142
22 STATE THIRD-PARTY TRUST STATUTES State Spendthrift Trust Discretionary Trust Alabama Ala. Code 19-3B B-503 Ala. Code 19-3B-504, 19-3B-814(a) Alaska Alaska Stat Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat , , , Ariz. Rev. Stat , Arkansas Ark. Code Ann Ark. Code Ann , (a) California Cal. Prob. Code , Cal. Prob. Code 15303, Colorado Connecticut Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3536 Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3536(f) District of Columbia D.C. Code D.C. Code (a) Florida Fla. Stat Fla. Stat , (1) Georgia Ga. Code Ann (c) Hawaii Idaho Idaho Code Illinois 735 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/ Indiana Ind. Code Iowa Iowa Code 633A.2301 Iowa Code 633A.4702 Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann. 58a-502 Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9:2001 9:2002, 9:2004 9:2005, 9:2007 Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, 504, 814(1) Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Miss. Code Ann , , , Miss. Code Ann , , Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat Mo. Rev. Stat , (1) Montana Mont. Code Ann , Mont. Code Ann Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat Neb. Rev. Stat , (a) Nevada Nev. Rev. Stat New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B: B:5-503 N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B:5-504, 564-B:8-814(a) New Jersey New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann. 46A A N.M. Stat. Ann. 46A-5-504, 46A-8-814(A) New York N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C C N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C-5-504, 36C-8-814(a) North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code N.D. Cent. Code , (1) Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann Ohio Rev. Code Ann , (A) 143
23 STATE THIRD-PARTY TRUST STATUTES State Spendthrift Trust Discretionary Trust Oklahoma Okla. Stat. tit. 60, Okla. Stat. tit. 60, (F) Oregon Or. Rev. Stat Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat Pa. Cons. Stat. 7744, Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws South Carolina S.C. Code Ann S.C. Code Ann , (a) S.D. Codified Laws , , South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws , , , Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann Tenn. Code Ann , (a) Texas Tex. Prop. Code Ann Utah Utah Code Ann Utah Code Ann , (1) Vermont Virginia Va. Code Ann Va. Code Ann , (A) Washington Wash. Rev. Code (2) West Virginia W. Va. Code Wisconsin Wis. Stat Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann , Wyo. Stat. Ann /08 144
24 APPENDIX I STATE SELF-SETTLED TRUST STATUTES 145
25 State STATE SELF-SETTLED TRUST STATUTES Citation PROHIBITS TRUSTOR S CREDITORS FROM REACHING TRUSTOR S INTEREST IN OR ASSETS OF SELF-SETTLED TRUST IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES Alaska Alaska Stat Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3536(c), Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat Nevada Nev. Rev. Stat Oklahoma Okla. Stat. tit. 31, Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws , , Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann Utah Utah Code Ann Wyoming Wyo Stat. Ann , (b), PERMITS TRUSTOR S CREDITORS TO REACH TRUSTOR S INTEREST IN SELF-SETTLED TRUST Alabama Ala. Code 19-3B-505(a)(2) Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat Arkansas Ark. Code Ann (a)(2) California Cal. Prob. Code Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3536(c) District of Columbia D.C. Code (a)(2) Florida Fla. Stat (1)(b) Georgia Ga. Code. Ann (c) Idaho Idaho Code (4) Indiana Ind. Code (b) Iowa Iowa Code 633A A.2303 Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann. 58a-505(a)(2) Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann (7)(a) Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann 9:2004 Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, 505(1)(B) Mississippi Miss. Code Ann (1) Montana Mont. Code Ann (1) Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat (a)(2) New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B:5-505(a)(2) New Jersey N.J. Stat. Ann. 3B:11-1 New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann. 46A-5-505(A)(2) North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C-5-505(a)(2) North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code (1) Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann (A)(2) Oklahoma Okla. Stat. tit. 60, (H) Oregon Or. Rev. Stat (1)(b) Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. 7745(2) South Carolina S.C. Code Ann (a)(2) South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann (a)(2) 146
26 STATE SELF-SETTLED TRUST STATUTES PERMITS TRUSTOR S CREDITORS TO REACH TRUSTOR S INTEREST IN SELF-SETTLED TRUST (Cont d) Texas Tex. Prop. Code Ann (d) Utah Utah Code Ann (1)(b) Virginia Va. Code Ann (A)(2) West Virginia W. Va. Code Wisconsin Wis. Stat PROVIDES THAT SELF-SETTLED TRUST IS VALID EVEN THOUGH TRUSTOR S CREDITORS MAY REACH TRUSTOR S INTEREST Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat (A) California Cal. Prob. Code 15304(a) Mississippi Miss. Code Ann (1) Montana Mont. Code Ann (1) PROVIDES THAT SELF-SETTLED TRUST IS VOID Idaho Idaho Code Illinois 735 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/ New Jersey N.J. Stat. Ann. 25:2-1(a) New York N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law 7-3.1(a) Washington Wash. Rev. Code HAS NO RELEVANT STATUTE Connecticut Hawaii Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Vermont 1/08 147
27 APPENDIX J STATE POWER TO ADJUST AND UNITRUST STATUTES 148
28 STATE STATE POWER TO ADJUST AND UNITRUST STATUTES POWER TO ADJUST Alabama Ala. Code 19-3A-104 Alaska Alaska Stat Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat Arkansas Ark. Code Ann California Cal. Prob. Code Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat. 45a-542c Delaware Del Code Ann. tit. 12, 6113 District of D.C. Code 28- Columbia Florida Fla. Stat Georgia Ga. Code Ann Hawaii Haw. Rev. Stat. 557A-104 Idaho Idaho Code Illinois PROTECTION FOR TRUSTEE Ala. Code 19-3A-104(f) UNITRUST CONVERSION STATUTE Alaska Stat Alaska Stat Ariz. Rev. Stat Cal. Prob. Code Colo. Rev. Stat Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 6114 Cal. Prob. Code Colo. Rev. Stat Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3527 NEW UNITRUST STATUTE Cal. Prob. Code Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3527A Fla. Stat Fla. Stat Fla. Stat (11) Ga. Code Ann Ga. Code Ann Haw. Rev. Stat. 557A- 105 Idaho Code Ill. Comp. Stat 5/5.3 Ind. Code Indiana Ind. Code Ind. Code Iowa Iowa Code Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9: Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-A, Md. Code Ann., Est. & Trusts La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9:2163 Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-A, Md. Code Ann., Est. & Trusts Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-A, Md. Code Ann., Est. & Trusts Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/5.3(m) 149
29 STATE POWER TO ADJUST AND UNITRUST STATUTES STATE Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania POWER TO ADJUST Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203D, 4 Mich. Comp. Laws Minn. Stat. Ann. 501B.705 Mo. Rev. Stat Mont. Code Ann Neb. Rev. Stat Nev. Rev. Stat N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-C:1-104 N.J. Stat. Ann. 3B:19B-4 N.M. Stat. Ann. 46-3A-104 N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law (b)(5) N.C. Gen. Stat. 37A Ohio Rev. Code Ann Okla. Stat. tit. 60, Or. Rev. Stat Pa. Cons. Stat PROTECTION FOR TRUSTEE Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203D, 5 Mich. Comp. Laws Minn. Stat. 501B.705, Subd. 7 Mo. Rev. Stat Mont. Code Ann (8) Neb. Rev. Stat N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-C:1-104(h), 564-C:1-105 N.J. Stat. Ann. 3B:19B-31 N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law A N.C. Gen. Stat. 37A Ohio Rev. Code Ann (G) Or. Rev. Stat Pa. Cons. Stat UNITRUST CONVERSION STATUTE NEW UNITRUST STATUTE Mo. Rev. Stat Mo. Rev. Stat (5)(1) Neb. Rev. Stat N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-A:3-c N.M. Stat. Ann. 46-3A A-113 N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law N.C. Gen. Stat. 37A A Or. Rev. Stat N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law (e)(1)(A) N.C. Gen. Stat. 37A A Pa. Cons. Stat Pa. Cons. Stat
30 Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee R.I. Gen. Laws S.C. Code Ann S.D. Codified Laws 55-13A-104 Tenn. Code Ann S.D. Codified Laws 55-13A-105 Tenn. Code Ann (g), R.I. Gen. Laws S.D. Codified Laws R.I. Gen. Laws (a) 151
31 STATE POWER TO ADJUST AND UNITRUST STATUTES STATE POWER TO ADJUST Texas Tex. Prop. Code Ann Utah Utah Code Ann Vermont Virginia Va. Code Ann Washington Wash. Rev. Code A.020 West Virginia W. Va. Code 44B Wisconsin Wis. Stat (4) Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann PROTECTION FOR TRUSTEE Tex. Prop. Code Ann Utah Code Ann UNITRUST CONVERSION STATUTE Va. Code Ann :1 Wash. Rev. Code Wash. Rev. Code A A.040 W. Va. Code 44B-1- W. Va. Code 44B a Wis. Stat (4c) Wis. Stat (4g) Wyo. Stat. Ann Wyo. Stat. Ann NEW UNITRUST STATUTE Tex. Prop. Code Ann Wash. Rev. Code A.040(a)(2) W. Va. Code 44B a(m) Wis. Stat (4j) Wyo. Stat. Ann /08 152
32 APPENDIX K STATE LIABILITY SYSTEMS RANKING 153
33 STATE LIABILITY SYSTEMS RANKING State Ranking States In Order of Ranking Alabama 47 Delaware 1 Alaska 43 Minnesota 2 Arizona 15 Nebraska 3 Arkansas 41 Iowa 4 California 45 Maine 5 Colorado 21 New Hampshire 6 Connecticut 14 Tennessee 7 Delaware 1 Indiana 8 Florida 36 Utah 9 Georgia 31 Wisconsin 10 Hawaii 42 South Dakota 11 Idaho 30 Virginia 12 Illinois 46 Kansas 13 Indiana 8 Connecticut 14 Iowa 4 Arizona 15 Kansas 13 North Carolina 16 Kentucky 33 Oregon 17 Louisiana 48 Massachusetts 18 Maine 5 New York 19 Maryland 29 North Dakota 20 Massachusetts 18 Colorado 21 Michigan 23 Wyoming 22 Minnesota 2 Michigan 23 Mississippi 49 Ohio 24 Missouri 34 Washington 25 Montana 40 New Jersey 26 Nebraska 3 Vermont 27 Nevada 28 Nevada 28 New Hampshire 6 Maryland 29 New Jersey 26 Idaho 30 New Mexico 39 Georgia 31 New York 19 Pennsylvania 32 North Carolina 16 Kentucky 33 North Dakota 20 Missouri 34 Ohio 24 Rhode Island 35 Oklahoma 38 Florida 36 Oregon 17 South Carolina 37 Pennsylvania 32 Oklahoma 38 Rhode Island 35 New Mexico 39 South Carolina 37 Montana 40 South Dakota 11 Arkansas 41 Tennessee 7 Hawaii 42 Texas 44 Alaska 43 Utah 9 Texas 44 Vermont 27 California 45 Ranking 154
34 STATE LIABILITY SYSTEMS RANKING State Ranking States In Order of Ranking Virginia 12 Illinois 46 Washington 25 Alabama 47 West Virginia 50 Louisiana 48 Wisconsin 10 Mississippi 49 Wyoming 22 West Virginia 50 Ranking Note: The data in the above table is taken from the 2007 Liability Systems Ranking Study, dated April 16, 2007, conducted by Harris Interactive, Inc., for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Institute for Legal Reform. The study was based on interviews with over 1,500 practicing corporate attorneys and general counsels from December 27, 2006 March 2, 2007, available at (last visited Mar. 13, 2008). 155
35 APPENDIX L STATE NONCHARITABLE PURPOSE TRUST STATUTES 156
36 STATE NONCHARITABLE PURPOSE TRUST STATUTES State Citation PERMITS PERPETUAL TRUSTS Delaware Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, 3555 Idaho Idaho Code Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 18-B, 409 New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 564-B:4-409 Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann PERMITS 90-YEAR TRUSTS North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code , , Oregon Or. Rev. Stat South Carolina S.C. Code Ann Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann PERMITS 21-YEAR TRUSTS Alabama Ala. Code 19-3B-409 Arkansas Ark. Code Ann Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat District of Columbia D.C. Code Florida Fla. Stat Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann. 58a-409 Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann. 46A North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. 36C Ohio Ohio Rev. Code Ann Pennsylvania 20 Pa. Cons. Stat South Dakota S.D. Codified Laws Utah Utah Code Ann , Virginia Va. Code Ann HAS NO RELEVANT STATUTE Alaska Arizona California Connecticut Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Montana 157
37 STATE NONCHARITABLE PURPOSE TRUST STATUTES HAS NO RELEVANT STATUTE (Cont d) Nevada New Jersey New York Oklahoma Rhode Island Texas Vermont Washington West Virginia Wisconsin 1/08 158
APPENDIX D STATE PERPETUITIES STATUTES
APPENDIX D STATE PERPETUITIES STATUTES 218 STATE PERPETUITIES STATUTES State Citation PERMITS PERPETUAL TRUSTS Alaska Alaska Stat. 34.27.051, 34.27.100 Delaware 25 Del. C. 503 District of Columbia D.C.
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