1999 CONSTITUTION OF FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA (EXTRACT)

Transcription

1 1999 CONSTITUTION OF FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA (EXTRACT) Preamble: We the people of the federal Republic of Nigeria having firmly solemnly resolved. To live in unity harmony as one indivisible indissoluble sovereign nation under God dedicated to the promotion of inter- African solidarity, world peace, international cooperation understing. And to provide for a constitution for the purpose of promoting the good government welfare of all persons in our country on the principles of freedom, equality justice, for the purpose of consolidating the unity of our people: Do hereby make, enact give to ourselves the following constitution. SECTION 1 Supremacy of the Constitution: 1. The constitution is supreme its provisions shall have binding force on all authorities persons throughout the Federal Republic of Nigeria. 2. The Federal Republic of Nigeria shall not be governed, nor shall person or group of persons take control of the government of Nigeria or any part thereof except in accordance with the provision of this constitution. SECTION 4 Legislative Powers 1. The legislative powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria shall be vested in a National Assembly for the Federation, which shall consist of a Senate House of Representatives. SECTION 5 Executive Powers 1. Subject to the provision of this constitution, the executive powers of the federation. a. Shall be vested in the president may, subject as aforesaid to the provisions of any law made by the National Assembly, be exercised by him either directly or through the vice president ministers of the government of the federation or officers in the public service of the federation. SECTION 6 Judicial powers 1. The judicial powers of the federation shall be vested in the courts to which this section relates, being courts established for the federation. SECTION 7 Local Government System 1. The system of local government by democratically elected Local Government Councils in under this constitution guaranteed; accordingly the government of every state shall, subject to section 8 of this constitution. Ensure their existence under a law, which provides for the establishment, structure, composition, finance functions of such councils. SECTION 8 New State Boundary Adjustment etc 1. An Act of the National Assembly for the purpose of creating a new state shall only be passed if: a. A request, supported by at least two-thirds majority of members (representing the area deming the creation of the new state) in each of the following, namely i. The senate the House of representatives ii. The House of Assembly in respect of the iii. area, The local government councils in respect of the area, is received by the National Assembly; b. A proposal for the creation of the state is thereafter approved in a referendum by at least two-thirds majority of the people of the area where the dem for creation of the state originated. c. The result of the referendum is then approved by a simple majority of all the states of the federation supported by a simple majority of members of the House of Assembly; d. The proposal is approved by a resolution passed by two-thirds majority of members of each House of the National Assembly. 2. An act of the National Assembly for the purpose of boundary adjustment of any existing state shall only be passed if: a. A request for the boundary adjustment, supported by two-thirds majority of members (representing the area deming the area affected by the boundary adjustment) in each of the following namely: - i. The senate the House of representative ii. iii. The House of assembly in respect of the area The local government councils in respect of the area is received by the National Assembly; b. A proposal for the boundary adjustment is approved by i. A simple majority of members of each House of the National Assembly, ii. A simple majority of members of the House of Assembly in respect of the area concerned. 3. A bill for a law of a House of Assembly for the purpose of creating a new local government area shall only be passed if:

2 a. A request supported by at least twothirds majority of members (representing the area deming the creation of the new local government area) in each of the following; namely: - i. The House of Assembly in respect of the area, ii. The local government councils in respect of the area received by the House of Assembly; b. A proposal for the creation of the local government area is thereafter approved in a referendum by at least two-thirds majority of the people of the local government area where the dem for the proposed local government area originated; c. The result of the referendum is then approved by a simple majority of the members in each local government council in a majority of all the local government council in the state; d. The result of the referendum is approved by a resolution passed by two-thirds majority of members of the House of Assembly. 4. A bill for laws of a House of Assembly for the purpose of boundary adjustment of any existing local government area shall only be passed if: a. A request for the boundary adjustment is supported by two-thirds majority of members (representing the area deming the area affected by the boundary adjustment) in each of the following namely: I.The House of Assembly in respect of the area ii.the Local Government Council in respect of the area, is received by the House of Assembly; b. A proposal for the boundary adjustment is approved by a simple majority of members of the House of Assembly in respect of the area concerned SECTION 9 MODE OF ALTERING PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. 1. The National Assembly may, subject to the provisions of this section alter any of the provisions of the constitution. 2. An act of the national assembly for the alteration of the constitution, not being an Act to which section 8 of the constitution applies, shall not passed in either House of the National Assembly unless the proposal is supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds majority of all the members of that house approved by resolution of the House of Assembly of not less than twothirds of all the states. 3. An Act of National Assembly for the purpose of altering the provisions of this section, section 8 or chapter iv of this constitution shall not be passed by either House of the National Assembly unless the proposal is approved by the votes of not less than four-fifths majority of all the members of each House, also approved by resolution of the House of Assembly of not less than two-thirds of all the states. 4. For the purpose of section 8 of this constitution of sub sections (2) (3) of this section, the number of members of each House of the National Assembly shall, notwithsting any vacancy, be deemed to be the number of members specified in section of this constitution. SECTION 10 PROHIBITION OF STATE RELIGION. The Government of the federation or of the state shall not adopt any religion as state religion. SECTION 11 PUBLIC ORDER AND PUBLIC SECURITY. 1. The National Assembly may make laws for the federation or any part thereof with respect to the maintenance securing of public safety public order providing, maintaining securing of such supplies services as may be designated by the National Assembly as essential supplies services. SECTION 12 IMPLEMENTATION OF TREATIES 1 No treaty between the federation any other country shall have the force of law except to the extent to which the National Assembly has enacted any such treaty into law. SECTION 15 POLITICAL OBJECTIVES. 1. The motto of the Federal Republic of Nigeria shall be unity faith, peace progress. 3b. secure full residence rights for every citizen in all parts of the federation. SECTION 24 DUTIES OF CITIZENS It shall be the duty of every citizen to a. Abide by this constitution; respect its ideals its institutions, the National Flag, the National Anthem, the National Pledge, legitimate authorities; b. Help to enhance the power, prestige good name of Nigeria, defend Nigeria render such national service as may be required; c. Respect the dignity of other citizens the rights legitimate interests of others live in unity harmony in the spirit of common brotherhood; d. Make positive useful contribution to the advancement, progress well-being of the community where he resides; e. Render assistance to appropriate lawful agencies in the maintenance of law order;

3 f. Declare his income honestly to appropriate lawful agencies pay his tax promptly. CHAPTER 111 SECTION 25 CITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH 1. The following persons are citizens of Nigeria by birth, namely; a. Every person born in Nigeria before the date of independence, either of whose parents or any of whose grparents belongs or belonged to a community indigenous to Nigeria; provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Nigeria by virtue of this section if neither of his parents nor any of his grparents was born in Nigeria; b. Every person born in Nigeria after the date of independence either of whose parents or any of whose grparents is a citizen of Nigeria; c. Every person born outside Nigeria either of whose parents is a citizen of Nigeria. 1. In this section, the date of independence means the 1st day of October SECTION 26 CITIZENSHIP BY REGISTRATION. 1. Subject to the provision of section 28 of this constitution; a person to whom the provisions of this section apply may be registered as a citizen of Nigeria, if the President is satisfied that: a. He is a person of good character; b. He has shown a clear intention of his desire to be domiciled in Nigeria; c. He has taken the oath of Allegiance prescribed in the seventh schedule to this constitution. 2. The provision of this section shall apply toa. Any woman who is or has been married to a citizen of Nigeria; or b. Every person of full age capacity born outside Nigeria any of whose grparents is a citizen of Nigeria. SECTION 27 CITIZENSHIP BY NATURALIZATION. 1. Subject to the provisions of section 28 of this constitution, any person who is qualified in accordance with the provisions of this section may apply to the President for the grant of a certificate of naturalization. 2. No person shall be qualified to apply for the grant of a certificate of naturalization, unless he satisfies the president that: a. He is a person of full age capacity; b. He is a person of good character; c. He has shown a clear intention of his desire to be domiciled in Nigeria; d. He is, in the opinion of the Governor of the state where he is or he proposes to be resident, acceptable to the local community in which he is to live permanently, has been assimilated into the way of life of Nigerians in that part of the federation; e. He is a person who has made or is capable of making useful contribution to the advancement, progress well-being of Nigeria; f. He has taken the oath of Allegiance prescribed in the seventh schedule to this constitution; g. He has immediately preceding the date of his application; either i. Resided in Nigeria continuously for a period of fifteen years, or ii. Resided in Nigeria continuously for a period of twelve months, during the period of twenty years immediately preceding that period of twelve months has resided in Nigeria for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than fifteen years. SECTION 28 DUAL CITIZENSHIP 1. Subject to the other provisions of this section, a person shall forfeit forthwith his Nigerian citizenship if, not being a citizen of Nigeria by birth, he acquires or retains the citizenship or nationality of a country, other than Nigeria, of which he is not a citizen by birth. 2. Any registration of a person as a citizen of Nigeria or the grant of a certificate of naturalisation to a person who is a citizen of a country other than Nigeria at the time of such registration or grant shall, if he is not a citizen by birth of that other country, be conditional upon effective renunciation of the citizenship or nationality of that other country within a period of not more than twelve months from date of such registration or grant. SECTION 30 DEPRIVATION OF CITIZENSHIP. 1. The President may deprive a person, other than a person who is a citizen of Nigeria by birth or by registration, of his citizenship, if he is satisfied that such a person has, within a period of seven years after becoming naturalised, been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than three years. 2. The President shall deprive a person, other than a person who is citizen of Nigeria by birth, of his citizenship, if he is satisfied from records of proceeding of a court of law or other tribunal, or after due inquiry in accordance with regulations made by him, thata. The person has shown himself by act or speech to be disloyal toward the federal Republic of Nigeria; or b. The person has, during any war in which Nigeria was engaged, unlawfully traded with the enemy or been engaged in or associated with any business that was in

4 SECTION 31 the opinion of the President carried on in such a manner as to assist the enemy of Nigeria in that war, or unlawfully communicated with such enemy to the detriment of or with intent to cause damage to the interest of Nigeria. PERSONS DEEMED TO BE NIGERIAN CITIZENS. For the purpose of this chapter, a parent or grparent of a person shall be deemed to be a citizen of Nigeria if at the time of the birth of that person such parent or grparent would have possessed that status by birth if he had been alive on the date of independence; in this section, the date of independence has the meaning assigned to it in section 25 (2) of this constitution. CHAPTER V THE LEGISLATURE PART 1 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECTION 47 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. There shall be a National Assembly for the federation, which shall consist of a Senate, a House of Representatives. SECTION 48 COMPOSITION OF THE SENATE The Senate shall consist of three senators from each state one from the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. SECTION 49 COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Subject to the provisions of this constitution, the House of Representatives shall consist of three hundred sixty members representing constituencies of nearly equal population as far as possible, provided that no constituency shall fall within more than one state. SECTION 65 QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. 1. Subject to the provision of section 66 of this constitution, a person shall be qualified for election as a member of: a. The senate, if he is a citizen of Nigeria has attained the age of thirty five years b. The House of Representative, if he is a citizen of Nigeria has attained the age of thirty years; 2. A person shall be qualified for election under sub section (1) of this section if: a. He has been educated up to at least school certificate level or its equivalent; b. He is a member of a political party is sponsored by that party. SECTION 66 DISQUALIFICATIONS 1. No person shall be qualified for election to the senate or the House of Representatives ifa. Subject to the provision of section 28 of this constitution, he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a country other than Nigeria or, except in such cases as may be prescribed by the National Assembly, has made a declaration of allegiance to such a country; b. Under any law in force in any part of Nigeria, he is adjudged to be a lunatic or otherwise declared to be of unsound mind; c. He is under sentence of death impose on him by any competent court of law or tribunal in Nigeria or a sentence of imprisonment or fine for an offence involving dishonesty or fraud (by whatever name called) or any other offence imposed on him by such a court or tribunal or substituted by a competent authority for any sentence imposed on him by such a court; d. Within a period of less than ten years before the date of an election to a legislative House, he has been convicted sentenced for an offence involving dishonesty or he has been found guilty of a contravention of the code of conduct; e. He is an undischarged bankrupt, having been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force in any part of Nigeria; f. He is a person employed in the public service of the federation or of any state has not resigned, withdrawn or retired from such employment thirty days before the date of election; g. He is a member of a secret society; h. He has been indicted for embezzlement or fraud by a judicial commission of inquiry or an administrative panel of inquiry or a Tribunal set up under the Tribunals of inquiry Act, a Tribunals of

5 inquiry law or any other law by the federal or state government which indictment has been accepted by the federal or state government, respectively; or 1. He has presented a forged certificate to the Independent National Electoral Commission. 2. Where in respect of any person who has beena. Adjudged to be a lunatic b. Declared to be of unsound mind c. Sentenced to death or imprisonment; or d. Adjudged or declared bankrupt, any appeal against the decision is pending in any court of law in accordance with any law in force in Nigeria, subsection (1) of this section shall not apply during a period beginning from the date when such appeal is lodged ending on the date when the appeal is finally determined or; as the case may be, the appeal lapses or is aboned; whichever is earlier. 3. For the purpose of subsection (2) of this section appeal includes any application for an injunction or an order of certiorari, mamus, prohibition or habeas corpus, or any appeal from any such application.