ANSWER KEY. Civics & Economics Final Project Review Book

Transcription

1 Civics & Economics Final Project Review Book This will count as 2 Test Grades. You may write/type the answers using your textbook, class notes, or reliable online sources. Check the items off the list as you complete them. Each page must have illustrations to represent each topic. Page 1: Cover - Includes title C&E Review Book (Including illustration) Page 2: Table of Contents Unit 1: CITIZENSHIP Page 3: American Mosaic- define the term American Mosaic including information about immigration (incorporate a variety of demographics & backgrounds, must be illustrated) Page 4: List and explain all of the duties and responsibilities of citizenship Unit 2: FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT Page 5: Explain the concept and meaning of the phrase no taxation without representation w/ illustration of topic Page 6: The documents that influenced the U.S. Government (list and explain how they influenced our government; Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Bill of Rights) Page 7: The 6 goals of government as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution. (There are 6, you must define and illustrate each principle) Unit 3: CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT Page 8: Define- Checks & Balances, Separation of Powers, and Federalism (should include which thinkers influenced American government with these ideas) w/ illustrations Page 9: The First Amendment (List freedoms and illustrate) Page 10: Explain the process used to amend the US Constitution (can create a chart to illustrate and explain Unit 4: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (Congress) Page 11: Senate (Membership, requirements, leaders, powers) Page 12: The House of Representatives (Membership, requirements, leaders, and powers) Page 13: How a bill becomes a law--flowchart of the process Page 14: Define Interest group and lobbyist and explain their role in Congress Unit 5: EXECUTIVE BRANCH (President) Page 15: Powers and Roles of the President--List & define Page 16: Diagram of the composition of the executive branch (Who is in it? Depts & the Cabinet) Page 17: Define and explain the electoral college Unit 6: JUDICIAL BRANCH (Supreme Court) Page 18: Create a diagram of the Federal Court System (Lower court levels through the supreme court including court jurisdictions

2 Page 19: Create a diagram of the trial and appeals process Page 20: Define the following amendments: 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 14th Page 21: Research and the Marbury vs. Madison case and explain judicial review Unit 7: STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT Page 22: Create a table of the 3 branches of local government, the responsibilities and powers of those branches, and an example for each Unit 8: ECONOMICS Page 23: Major Economic Systems- Free market, Command, Mixed. Define each, bullet points in a table format may be used Page 24: Supply & Demand- Create a scenario that uses supply & demand, and a graph that displays that example Page 25: Define & Explain the 4 factors of production with a illustration for each Discussion Questions: 1. Analyze and explain the relationship between the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke and the founding ideas of the United States as set forth in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. In your response, be sure to provide at least two examples of how Locke may have influenced Jefferson. 2. Explain how tensions between British governmental authority and the American colonists contributed to the American Revolution. Include a specific example in your response. 3. Choose a North Carolina industry and explain its importance in the national economy. Include two examples of that industry s global importance. 4. No government can exist without taxation. This money must necessarily be levied on the people; and the grand art consists of levying so as not to oppress. --Frederick the Great, 18-century Prussian king The power of taxing people and their property is essential to the very existence of government. -- James Madison, U.S. President Take a position that argues for or against the point of view of these statesmen. Explain your position by providing one specific example that supports your argument. 5. Establishing financial goals is an essential part of financial literacy. Explain how career and education can affect a person's financial future.

3 C & E FINAL EXAM REVIEW BOOK Name: Class/Period:

4 Table of Contents Page 3- UNIT 1: Citizenship Page 4- UNIT 2: Foundations of Govt Page 5- UNIT 3: Constitutional Govt Page 7- UNIT 5: Executive Branch Page 9- UNIT 7: State & Local Govt Page 6: UNIT 4: Legislative Branch Page 8- UNIT 6: Judicial Branch Page 10- UNIT 8: Economics Page 11: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

5 UNIT 1: CITIZENSHIP Page 3: Define the term American Mosaic including information about immigration (incorporate a variety of demographics & backgrounds, must be illustrated) American Mosaic: American culture is no longer a melting pot of immigrants and ethnic backgrounds merging into one culture, but is now much more diverse and celebrates multiculturalism where all cultures are represented and can be pieced together to create one big picture of American culture where each different tile or group is an essential part of the picture. Page 4: List & explain all of the duties and responsibilities of citizenship Work toward the common good: contribute to society, volunteer, run for office, etc. Vote: basic rights to vote for national & local representatives and on public issues Hold govt office: making a difference Participate in election campaigns: to help candidates spread message & win elections Contact local & state reps with concerns- Office of citizen Pay taxes & Obey laws Register for Selective 18 (males, military draft)

6 UNIT 2: FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT ANSWER KEY Page 5: Explain the concept and meaning of the phrase no taxation without representation w/ illustration of the topic No taxation without representation was the slogan used by colonists to express their outrage at the English government for issuing and charging heavy taxes to the colonists without providing them with a voice in government (Parliament) Page 6: The documents that influenced the U.S government (list & explain how they influenced our government; Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Bill of Rights) Document Influence on U.S.A Magna Carta Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Bill of Rights Limited power of central leader Secured Americans natural rights (Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness (property) Est. national legislature (Congress w/ powers to declare war, make foreign treaties, & trade agreements), helped to pave the way for US Constitution Est. certain individual rights & freedoms of the people Page 7: The 6 goals of government as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution. (There are 6, you must define and illustrate each principle) To Form a More Perfect Union: Unite all 13 states under one central government To Establish Justice: set up our legal system to handle disputes btwn people & bwtn states To Ensure Domestic Tranquility: peaceful, protected society To Provide for the Common Defense: est. military to protect country from foreign attacks To Promote the General Welfare: Creates conditions to benefit all Americans To Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves & Our Posterity: grants freedoms for us & future generations

7 Unit 3: CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT Page 8: Define- Checks & Balances, Separation of Powers, and Federalism (should include which thinkers influenced American government with these ideas) w/ illustrations TERM DEFINITION THINKER PICTURE Checks & Balances Separation of Powers A system that gives each branch of government ways to limit the powers of the other two branches Dividing of government power among legislative, executive, & judicial branches Montesquieu Montesquieu Federalism The division of powers between the states and the federal, national government Framers of Constitution Page 9: The First Amendment (List freedoms and illustrate) Guarantees freedom of religion, of speech, and of the press; the right to assemble peacefully, and the right to petition the government

8 Page 10: Explain the process used to amend the US Constitution (can create a chart to illustrate and explain Amendment Process: the way in which changes are added to the Constitution Step 1 Step 2 Page 14: Define Interest group and lobbyist and explain their role in Congress Interest Groups: people who work together for similar interests or goals. Help gain support for campaigns for Congress. Lobbyists: people who represent interest groups to gain support/oppose a bill UNIT 5- EXECUTIVE BRANCH Page 15: Powers & Roles of the President--list & define Commander in Chief=makes important military decisions Chief Diplomat=represents the US in foreign relations & policy Chief Legislator=makes decisions in Congress in relation to domestic policy Chief Executive=head of executive branch, executes laws Guardian of the Economy=approves and addresses national budget Chief of State=ceremonial duties (awarding medals, greeting citizens, etc) Party Leader=Lead representative of his political party Page 16: Diagram of the composition of the executive branch(who is in it? Depts & Cabinet) White House Staff: advisors & assistants to the President, speech writers, legal aids, etc Vice President: can fill in for President in the event of his death, usually is almost invisible Dept of State Dept of Treasury Dept of Defense Dept of Interior Dept of Agriculture Dept of Justice Dept of Commerce foreign policy, ambassadors, United Nations federal taxes, IRS, postal stamps, coins military branches, bases, & weapons Nat l parks, wildlife & natural resource protection farmer assistance, food stamps, school lunch FBI, enforces federal law, maintains fed prisons census data, American business, trademarks &

9 patents Dept of Labor Dept of Health & Human Services Dept of Education Dept of Housing & Urban Development Dept of Transportation Dept of Energy Dept of Veterans Affairs minimum wage, unemployment programs, working conditions, training Medicare, FDA, Public Health Services assistance & standards for k-12 & colleges, equal opportunity education low income housing, community development Maintains local & state highways, sets safety standards Energy sources, conservation, alternative fuels, electricity medical, educational, financial assistance to military service men & women Dept of Homeland Security ** Cabinet is comprised of the heads of these exec depts** Runs FEMA, provides secret service to Pres & VP, USCG, Customs Page 17: Define & explain the electoral college Electoral College: Members of Congress acts as electors and cast their votes for President 538 electors - one vote for each--> majority = 270 Numbers of state votes are determined by population Votes count to carry or win states for the candidate

10 UNIT 6: JUDICIAL BRANCH Page 18: Create a diagram of the Federal Court system (lower court levels through the supreme court including jurisdictions) Page 19: Create a diagram of the trial and appeals process

11 Page 20: Define the following amendments: 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, & 14th 4th: Protects people from unreasonable searches & seizures 5th: Guarantees that no one may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law (habeas corpus, eminent domain, double jeopardy) 6th: Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases (trial) 7th: Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in most civil cases (lawsuits, divorces) 14th: Granted former slaves US citizenship Page 21: Research the Marbury vs. Madison (1803) case and explain judicial review Before leaving office, President John Adams had promised William Marbury the position of justice of the peace of Washington, D.C. Official papers stating this were to be delivered before the end of Adams term as President by Chief Justice John Marshall along with 58 others that John Adams appointed before the end of his term to guarantee members of his political party would be in office. Thomas Jefferson was sworn into office before this could happen and he specifically asked James Madison (his Secretary of State) to not deliver those documents. Marbury sued James Madison asking the Supreme Court to require him to deliver the papers, the Supreme Court had original jurisdiction in this case because the Court has a right to review the constitutionality of executive acts under the idea of checks & balances. The Supreme Court could not, however, issue this requirement to Madison because the Judiciary Act of 1789 declared it unconstitutional. The Judiciary Act of 1789 and the US Constitution were in conflict with each other, thus the ruling established judicial review which allows the court to review previous precedents of the judicial branch and review the actions of both the executive & legislative branches. This also brought the Supreme Court up to being equal to the other branches UNIT 7: STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT Page 22: Create a table of the 3 branches of local government, the responsibilities & powers of those branches, and an example for each. LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL NC General Assembly Represent NC in US Congress in D.C. Represent constituents when voting on bills & legislation Bills= same process as US Congress Senators: Kay Hagan/Richard Burr NC Reps: John Bell US Senate Reps: Walter Jones, GK Governor & Lt. Gov Commands local NC Nat l guard Prepares state budget Proposes new laws,vetoes/signs bills can pardon criminals Appoints certain state officials Includes executive depts (education, NC Supreme Court Hear civil & criminal cases have both trial & appellate courts Judges & district attorneys are elected Rulings must abide by federal Constitution

12 Butterfield transportation, etc.) Gov. Pat McCrory Lt. Gov Dan Forest Unit 8: PEOPLE & POLITICS Page 23. List the qualifications for voting. Explain how a person can register to vote. Identify reasons why citizens fail to vote. 18+, citizen, registered; register at DMV or board of elections; citizens do not care or are uneducated Page 24. Describe characteristics of both Republicans and Democrats. What is a Moderate? Democrats: Democrats believe it is the responsibility of government to care for all individuals, even if it means giving up some individual rights and/or subordinating enterprise and initiative. Democrat Party push for the centralization of govt power in Washington D.C. Democrats favor federal-level interventions that replace community-based solutions to community problems. Republicans: Republicans believe that each person is responsible for his or her own place in society. Government should enable each person the ability to secure the benefits of society for themselves, their families and for those who are unable to care for themselves. The Republican=limiting the government intervention Government should only intervene in specific cases where society cannot effectively act at the individual level. With the core belief that individual destiny should be in the individual s hands, governmental power and resources should be kept close to the people, not centralized in distant federal government agencies. Moderates: Not on the extreme side of either party, but practice politics more in the center of both Democrats and Republicans. Page 25. List and describe the 6 functions of political parties Recruit & Nominate Candidates for Public Offices Help candidates win elections Set Party goals Provide leadership Act as Watchdog Help citizens Page 26. List ways Public Policy is influenced by INDIVIDUALS, INTEREST GROUPS, AND MEDIA Individuals: can be involved in political campaigns and inform other citizens about candidates, can become involved in political actions committees and initiatives Interest groups: can influence representatives and their votes, represent a larger organization Media: can influence and persuade the public opinion with information about candidates UNIT 9: ECONOMICS Page 27: Major economic systems- free market, Command, mixed. Define each, bullet points in a table format may be used. FREE MARKET ECON COMMAND ECON MIXED ECON

13 Also known as free enterprise Each individual decides what to produce, how to produce it, who they sell it to, & how to invest profits of the sale Capitalism Govt leaders decide which goods & services are produced and available and how those goods/services will be distributed Farms, stores, banks, transportation, etc= govt controlled Communism Blend elements of traditional, market, & command economies Traditional= decisions based on what ancestors have done Ex: China, USA Page 28: Supply & Demand- Create a scenario that uses supply & demand, and a graph that displays that example Strawberries are currently in season and in high demand. The market price for strawberries is $3.00 a basket and producers/farmers are providing about 1,000 baskets. Consumers are demanding 1000 baskets Page 29: Define & Explain the 4 factors of production with a illustration for each Land: where business/factory is located Labor: employees/workers Capital: tools used in business & investments Entrepreneurship: owner of business

14 Discussion Questions: 1. Analyze and explain the relationship between the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke and the founding ideas of the United States as set forth in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. In your response, be sure to provide at least two examples of how Locke may have influenced Jefferson. 2. Explain how tensions between British governmental authority and the American colonists contributed to the American Revolution. Include a specific example in your response. 3. Choose a North Carolina industry and explain its importance in the national economy. Include two examples of that industry s global importance. 4. No government can exist without taxation. This money must necessarily be levied on the people; and the grand art consists of levying so as not to oppress. --Frederick the Great, 18-century Prussian king The power of taxing people and their property is essential to the very existence of government. -- James Madison, U.S. President Take a position that argues for or against the point of view of these statesmen. Explain your position by providing one specific example that supports your argument. 5. Establishing financial goals is an essential part of financial literacy. Explain how career and education can affect a person's financial future.