7/10/2009. Essential Question: King Andrew? Champion of the Common Man?
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1 Essential Question: Champion of the Common Man? OR King Andrew? 1
2 Voting Requirements in the Early 19c 2
3 Voter Turnout: Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their state s slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system. 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854) Democrats (1828) 3
4 Jackson s First Hermitage Residence 4
5 First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815 General Jackson During the Seminole Wars 5
6 The Common Man s Presidential Candidate 6
7 Jackson s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA] Results of the 1824 Election A Corrupt Bargain? 7
8 Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree 8
9 Jackson in Mourning for His Wife 1828 Election Results 9
10 The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST The New Jackson Coalition 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 State Politicians spoils system 3 Immigrants in the cities. 10
11 Assignment: Research in your textbook or the Internet about the differences between Jeffersonian and Jacksonian democracy. Complete a Venn Diagram on this, and then in 150 words, explain which type of democracy is best for the modern age. Make sure to back up your opinion. Jeffersonian v. Jacksonian Democracy Jeffersonian Democracy believed that capable, well educated leaders should govern in the people s interest. Jacksonian Democracy believed that the PEOPLE should manage government affairs Jeffersonian Democracy reflected a chiefly agricultural society Jacksonian Democracy reflected an agricultural AND rising industrial society Jeffersonian Democracy limited democracy to chiefly its political aspects Jacksonian Democracy expanded democracy beyond political aspects to include social and economic factors Jeffersonian democracy: the people should be governed as little as possible. -- Gov t for the people Jacksonian democracy: government should be done directly by the people. -- This idea would lead to Jackson s spoils system Jeffersonian democracy was created by Jefferson; Jacksonian democracy pre-dated Jackson s presidency & produced him. 11
12 Jackson s Faith in the Common Man 3 Intense distrust of Eastern establishment, monopolies, & special privilege. 3 His heart & soul was with the plain folk. 3 Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements. The Reign of King Mob 12
13 Andrew Jackson as President The Peggy Eaton Affair In the late 1820 s and early 1830 s, the Peggy Eaton Affair, also called the Petticoat War, took place in Washington D.C. At the time of Andrew Jackson s presidency, John Eaton held the job of Secretary of War. Eaton had married the daughter of a Washington boardinghouse owner, Peggy O Neale. Jackson s Vice President, John Calhoun and his wife Floride Calhoun snubbed Mrs. Eaton. President Jackson s own wife had been a victim of scandals so Jackson, feeling sorry for Mrs. Eaton, ordered his cabinet to treat Mrs. Eaton as a social equal. Most of the cabinet continued to ignore and exclude the Eaton s and the president could not do anything about it, which resulted in Jackson losing the Petticoat War. John Calhoun, the Vice President could not be fired. As a result, Secretary of State Marin Van Buren, widower who had been caring to Peggy, became Vice President of Jackson in After Van Buren became Vice President, Jackson and Van Buren called for the resignations of the entire cabinet involved in the affair. John Eaton, who had presidential aspirations, became governor of the Florida Territory and finally ambassador to Spain. Peggy Eaton became Washington s leading hostess. The significance of the Petticoat War is that it led to Van Buren s succession as Vice President after Calhoun and the resignation of the cabinet in The Peggy Eaton Affair also shows determination of scandal and personal morality issues in American politics. 13
14 The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC] 14
15 1830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. 15
16 1832 Tariff Conflict > Tariff of Abomination > new tariff 3 South Carolina s reaction? 3 Jackson s response? 3 Clay s Compromise Tariff? 16
17 Opening Activity: 17
18 Indian Removal 3 Jackson s Goal? Indian Removal Act 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * domestic dependent nation 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) 3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it! The Cherokee Nation After
19 Indian Removal Trail of Tears ( ) 19
20 The Frontier Artists Young Omahaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri, and Pawnees - Charles Bird King, The Noble Savage Image 20
21 Buffalo Bull s Back Fat, Head Chief, Blood Tribe - George Caitlin, The Stoic Indian Mato-Tope Karl Bodmer, 1830s 3. The Demonic Indian 21
22 Osage Scalp Dance John Mix Stanley, 1845 Last of the Race Tompkins Matteson, The Doomed Indian 22
23 Dying Indian Chief Contemplating the Progress of Civilization Thomas Crawford, 1857 A portend of the future?? Jackson s Professed Love for Native Americans 23
24 Video Introduction: The Trail of Tears (4 Min.) ASSIGNMENT: COMPLETE Trail of Tears Internet Worksheet If the Internet is not available, an alternative assignment follows on early Supreme Court cases on Indian removal: 24
25 Alternative Assignment: Directions: Complete this worksheet For each of the following cases CHEROKEE NATION v. GEORGIA (1831) & Worcester v. Georgia (1832) ASSIGNMENT: Read THE REMOVAL OF THE CHEROKEE and answer the comprehension questions. 25
26 Final Assignment on Trail of Tears 26
27 Jackson s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay] 27
28 The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. Soft (paper) $ 3 state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3 supported rapid economic growth & speculation. Hard (specie) $ 3 felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3 didn t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3 suspicious of expansion & speculation. 28
29 The Monster Is Destroyed! 3 pet banks? Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States the charter expired the bank went bankrupt! The Downfall of Mother Bank 29
30 An 1832 Cartoon: King Andrew? Growth of Democracy in the Jacksonian Era By 1828 most states had: Removed property and religious qualifications for office holding and voting. Now most white males could vote. Increased the number of elected rather than appointed state and local officials Given the people a greater check upon elected officials by shortening their terms of office Spoils system in local and state politics Democracy gains in Presidential Elections Starting in 1832, presidential candidates of each party were no longer named in a caucus of a few party leaders, now they were selected by a larger number of active party members at a nominating convention. By 1832 the presidential electors of all but one state were chosen directly by the voters, instead of by state legislatures. Rise of Third Parties: 1832 Anti-Masonic Party Popular campaigning in presidential & state political races ( baby kissing, parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 30
31 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election In response to Jackson s 1 st term: Dem-Reps Natl. Reps. (1828) Whigs (1832) v. Democrats (1828) Revival of the two party system Jackson forms the: DEMOCRATS Led by Andrew Jackson and (later) Martin Van Buren. Consisted of small farmers, newly emerging businessmen, and city workers (working class). Opposed an all-powerful federal government, urged greater democracy, and conformed to Jeffersonian ideals. Opposition formed the: NATIONAL REPUBLICANS--Later called the WHIGS led by Clay, Adams, and later by Daniel Webster. Played to the masses, but derived their strength chiefly from well established classes - bankers, merchants, manufacturers, and large landowners. Stood for a strong federal government, a national bank, protective tariffs, and favored the interests of business - resembled Hamilton s Federalist Party. 31
32 Assignment: Create your own campaign poster on Andrew Jackson! Focus Question: Will your poster portray Jackson as a hero of the common people or an omnipotent king? Who will your support? It s your choice! Requirements: Imagine that it s the 1832 election with Andrew Jackson v. Henry Clay. Create a pro or anti- Jackson reelection political poster. Focus on real historical issues of the Jackson era, such as: The National Bank of the U.S. or the Trail of Tears. Include a memorable slogan, a summary of the political platform of the party you support, and a large political cartoon with dialogue and/or caption! 1832 Election Results Main Issue? 32
33 The Specie Circular (1836) 3 wildcat banks. 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson s goal? Results of the Specie Circular $ Banknotes loose their value. $ Land sales plummeted. $ Credit not available. $ Businesses began to fail. $ Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! 33
34 The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren Old Kinderhook [O. K.] The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly! 34
35 Andrew Jackson in Retirement Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)
36 36
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