Chapter 5. A Virtuous Republic Creating a Workable Government,

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1 Chapter 5 A Virtuous Republic Creating a Workable Government,

2 CHAPTER FIVE: A VIRTUOUS REPUBLIC: CREATING A WORKABLE GOVERNMENT What did virtue mean to the Founders of the American Republic?

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4 CHAPTER FIVE: A VIRTUOUS REPUBLIC: CREATING A WORKABLE GOVERNMENT I. Republicanism and the Politics of Virtue II. Life Under the Articles of Confederation III. The Movement for Constitutional Reform IV. The Great Debate

5 Republicanism and the Politics of Virtue A. George Washington: The American Cincinnatus B. The Politics of Virtue: Views from the States C. Democracy Triumphant? D. Debtors versus Creditors

6 George Washington: The American Cincinnatus Why did Americans believe Washington was the modern Cincinnatus? What was the Newburgh Conspiracy? Americans in the post-revolutionary era looked to Rome for inspiration in building a virtuous republic. How were these ideas reflected in American art and architecture in this period?

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8 The Politics of Virtue: Views from the States Discuss the most notable policy achievements and failures of the Confederation government. How did change in furniture design reflect the influence of republic ideas? Why was education so important to the Founders of the American Republic?

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15 Click here to view a larger version of this page. How did republican ideas change notions about women s roles?

16 Democracy Triumphant? Why did many supporters of republicanism fear democracy? Why did William Smith s portrait cast his as a country gentleman rather than an urban merchant?

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18 Debtors verses Creditors How did the composition of the state legislatures change after the American revolution?

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20 Life Under the Articles of Confederation A. No Taxation without Representation B. Diplomacy: Frustration and Stalemate C. Settling the Old Northwest D. Shays s Rebellion

21 Life Under the Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation lack the power to tax?

22 Life Under the Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation - America s first constitutional government in effect from The articles created a weak decentralized form of government that lacked the power to tax and compel state obedience to treaties it negotiated.

23 No Taxation without Representation Treaty of Paris - The treaty between Great Britain and the newly formed United States that formally ended hostilities between the two countries and recognized American Independence.

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25 Diplomacy: Frustration and Stalemate What diplomatic frustrations hampered the new American nation? What was the conquest theory and how did it influence diplomatic relations with Indian peoples?

26 Diplomacy: Frustration and Stalemate Old Northwest - The region of the new nation bordering on the Great Lakes.

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28 Settling the Old Northwest What republican features distinguish the Northwest Ordinance?

29 Settling the Old Northwest Northwest Ordinance - One of several laws adopted by the Confederation Congress designed to provide a plan for the orderly settlement of the Northwest Territory (the area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania). In addition to providing for a plan for self-governance, the Ordinance also prohibited slavery from the Northwest territory.

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31 What was Shay s Shay s Rebellion

32 Shays Rebellion Shays Rebellion - Uprising in Western Massachusetts in which farmers organized themselves as local militia units and closed down courts to prevent their farms from being seized by creditors.

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35 Click here to view a larger version of this page. Whose view of Shay s Rebellion was more realistic, Washington s or Jefferson s?

36 The Movement for Constitutional Reform A. The Road to Philadelphia B. Large States versus Small States C. Conflict over Slavery D. Filling out the Constitutional Design

37 The Road to Philadelphia

38 Large States versus Small States What were the main features of the Virginia Plan? Why did small states oppose the Virginia Plan?

39 Large States versus Small States Virginia Plan - A plan framed by James Madison and introduced in the Constitution Convention by Edmund Randolph that called on delegations to abandon the government of the Articles and create a new, strong national government.

40 Large States versus Small States New Jersey Plan - Proposal made by William Patterson of New Jersey as an alternative to the more nationalistic Virginia Plan that would have retained the principle of state equality in the legislature embodied in the Articles of Confederation.

41 Large States versus Small States Great Compromise - Compromise plan proposed by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut that called for equal representation of each state in the upper house and a lower house based on population.

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43 Conflict over Slavery Describe the most divisive issues faced by the Constitutional Convention and the main compromises worked out by the delegates to solve these problems. How did the conflict over slavery shape the debates of the Constitutional Convention?

44 Filling out the Constitutional Design How did the electoral college strengthen the powers of the states and further the ideas of republicanism? Identify the most important differences between the federal Constitution and the typical state constitutions of this period?

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46 The Great Debate A. Federalist versus Anti-Federalists B. The Theory of the Large Republic: The Genius of James Madison C. Ratification D. The Creation of a Loyal Opposition

47 Federalists versus Anti-Federalists Why did Federalist and Anti-Federalist authors adopt names such as Publius and Brutus? How does The Looking Glass for 1787 portray the Anti-Federalists?

48 Federalists versus Anti-Federalists Federalists - The name adopted by the supporters of the Constitution who favored a stronger centralized government.

49 Federalists versus Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists - The name reluctantly adopted by opponents of the Constitution who insisted that they, not their opponents, were the true supporters of the ideal of federalism. Anti- Federalists opposed weakening the power of the states and feared that the Constitution yielded too much power to the new central government.

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52 The Theory of the Large Republic: The Genius of James Madison Why did traditional republican theorists believe that republics needed to be small to survive? How did the argument of The Federalist No. 10 change republican theory?

53 Ratification Which groups in society tended to support the Constitution? Which groups opposed ratification? What does the Grand Federal Procession tell us about popular Federalist beliefs?

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57 Click here to view a larger version of this page. Why did urban artisans support the Constitution?

58 The Creation of a Loyal Opposition Anti-Federalists were alarmed by the power of the federal government. Do you think the Anti-Federalist objections to the Constitution have any validity today? Why was there no anti-constitution movement after ratification?

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