Chapter 10 Triumph of White Man s Democracy

Transcription

1 AP US History Mr. Blackmon Chapter 10 Triumph of White Man s Democracy Section 1 Andrew Jackson Administration 1. Andrew Jackson s election in 1828 is seen by many historians to represent A. The end of the Federalist party in America B. The rise of individualism and popular democracy in America C. The first true consolidation of federal power over the states since the drafting of the Constitution D. The beginnings of a genuine American aristocracy in government E. The low point of power for the executive branch of government in the 1800s 2. When President Andrew Jackson s enemies spoke of the Kitchen Cabinet they were referring to A. A group of old friends and unofficial advisors of the president B. A number of persons of low social standing, including a former cook, who were appointed by Jackson to high cabinet positions. C. A suggestion as to where Jackson might keep the federal government s money if he removed it from the Bank of the United States D. A coterie of Jackson supporters in the U.S. Senate E. Several state governors who supported Jackson 3. The veto of the Maysville Road Bill of 1830 was sparked by A. Andrew Jackson's belief that it was unconstitutional for the federal government to provide funds for a road built within the borders of s single state. B. Andrew Jackson's belief that it was unconstitutional for the federal government to provide funds for a road built across the borders of two or more states. C. Andrew Jackson's resentment that the Maysville Road would be built in Kentucky, a state he had failed to carry in the 1828 election. D. Andrew Jackson's realization that the Maysville Road would be built by unpaid black slaves rather than paid workers. E. Andrew Jackson's belief that it was unconstitutional for the federal government to provide funds for any type of road building or road improvement project, whether or not it crossed state borders. 4. President Andrew Jackson s Maysville road veto dealt with A. Federally financed internal improvements B. Foreign policy C. The power of the Second Bank of the United States relative to that of other financial institutions D. The efficiency and honesty of government employees E. The purchase of government land with paper money. 5. All of the following reflect the views of Americans expressed by Alexis de Tocqueville and other early nineteenth century European visitors EXCEPT A. Daily life in America was highly political

2 B. Americans exhibited a strong sense of national pride C. Americans were highly individualistic D. Americans exhibited a strong sense of social deference E. Americans valued personal freedom. 6. According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of A. the absence of an aristocracy B. limited geographic mobility C. the uneven distribution of wealth D. urbanization E. the Enlightenment 7. Andrew Jackson defended his policy of "rotation in office" which became known as the "spoils system" by asserting that I a man should serve a term in office, then return to the status of private citizen II men who held office too long became corrupted by a sense of power. III the duties of government were too complex for the average citizen IV political appointments by newly elected officials promoted democracy A. I and II only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. I, II, and IV only E. I, II, III, and IV 8. The rotation system of government espoused by Andrew Jackson refers to A. the practice of government officials periodically switching, or rotating, their job duties with other officials so they could learn a wider variety of administrative skills. B. the "spoils system" in which an elected official replaced appointed officeholders with new appointees who were political friends and supporters. C. the practice of rotating, or replacing, members of the president's cabinet every two years to provide his administration with new ideas and prevent it from growing "stale." D. the mandatory rotation, or switching, of national power from one political party to the other at least once every eight years. E. a fluid, back and forth flow of power between the states and the federal government in which they would act as equal partners in governing the country. 9. All of the following were among President Andrew Jackson s objections to the First Bank of the United States EXCEPT A. It allowed the economic power of the government to be controlled by private individuals. B. It threatened the integrity of the democratic system C. It was preventing the government from achieving its policy of creating inflation. D. It could be used irresponsibly to create financial hardship for the nation

3 E. It benefited a small group of wealthy and privileged persons at the expense of the rest of the country. 10. Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration? A. a central bank was established. B. The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform. C. The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased. D. A nationwide banking system was begun. E. Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks. 11. In response to Andrew Jackson's toast: "Our Union--It must be preserved!", who toasted: "The Union, next to our liberties, most dear! May we all remember that it can only be preserved by respecting the rights of the states and distributing equally the benefit and the burden of the Union!" A. Henry Clay B. Robert Y. Hayne C. Daniel Webster D. Stephen A. Douglas E. John C. Calhoun 12. John C. Calhoun's political theory that the states were the only proper judges of whether the federal government had exceeded the powers delegated to it was known as the doctrine of A. judicial review B. preemption and graduation C. nullification D. abolition E. checks and balances 13. An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the A. taxation of consumer items. B. reelection of Andrew Jackson C. enunciation of the doctrine of nullification. D. alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers. E. expansion of the New England textile industry. 14. The doctrine of nullification put forth by John C. Calhoun in The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, published anonymously in 1828, held that A. federal laws could be nullified only by amending the Constitution B. the Supreme Court had the sole power to nullify state and federal laws through the process of judicial review. C. state and federal laws could be nullified only by the legislative bodies passing them D. the citizens of a state in a called convention could nullify state laws if these laws contradicted federal policies. E. if a state judged a federal law to violate the Constitution, the state cold declare the law null and void within its borders.

4 15. The most forceful Southern protest against high protective tariffs during the first half of the nineteenth century was the A. Hayne-Webster Debate B. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions C. Nullification Controversy D. Resignation of Vice President John C. Calhoun E. Imposition of the congressional gag rule. 16. Daniel Webster's address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its A attack on the Tariff of Abominations B defense of the principle of national union C assertion of the idea of States' rights D apology for New England's disloyalty in the War of 1812 E praise for President Andrew Jackson 17. In responding to Senator Robert Y. Hayne's defense of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, who rebutted: "When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time, the sun in heaven, let their last feeble glance behold the gorgeous ensign of the republic not a stripe erased nor a single star obscured, bearing for its motto, that sentiment dear to every true American heart--liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!"? A. Henry Clay B. Thomas Jefferson C. John C. Calhoun D. Daniel Webster E. Stephen A. Douglas 18. The Nullification Controversy directly involved South Carolina s opposition to which of the following federal policies? A. The Alien and Sedition Acts B. The protective tariff C. The Missouri Compromise D. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 E. The Compromise of In the Nullification Controversy, some Southerners took the position that A. The federal government had the right to nullify state laws that interfered with the right to hold property in slaves B. The federal courts had the right to nullify acts of Congress that restricted the spread of slavery in the territories. C. The states had the right to nullify acts of the federal government they deemed to be unconstitutional. D. Southern states had the right to nullify statues of Northern states interfering with the recapture of escaped slaves. E. Congress should refuse to receive any petitions against slavery 20. The Nullification Crisis of 1832 revolved around A. States rights to overrule or disallow any federal legislation they found unacceptable

5 B. The federal government s right to nullify any antislavery legislation passed by the territories west of the Mississippi C. The Supreme Court s right to nullify Congressional legislation deemed unconstitutional D. The refusal of state militias to submit themselves to federal control in time of war E. The right of Congress to override a presidential veto on matters of foreign policy. 21. The ultimate goal of Andrew Jackson's policy toward the Indians during his presidency was A. to advocate their complete assimilation into white society B. to extend citizenship and the franchise to adult Indian male property owners. C. to remove them to lands in the trans-mississippi West D. to preserve their culture as a vital part of American civilization E. to encourage the peaceful coexistence of Indians and whites in an atmosphere of trust. 22. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 which sought to continue the Jeffersonian policies toward the Eastern tribes A. was vetoed by Andrew Jackson B. proposed moving the Eastern tribes to the trans-mississippi West C. conferred citizenship and the franchise on Indian adult male property owners D. did not apply to either the Cherokees or the Seminoles E. declared the Eastern tribal lands to be independent nations. 23. Of the "Five Civilized Tribes" forced to move west in the 1830's, the tribe which resisted relocation the most successfully was the A Choctaws B Chickasaws C Cherokees D Creeks E Seminoles 24. The term Trail of Tears refers to A. The Mormon migration from Nauvoo, Illinois, to what is now Utah. B. The forced migration of the Cherokee tribe from the southern Appalachians to what is now Oklahoma. C. The westward migration along the Oregon Trail. D. The migration into Kentucky along the Wilderness Road E. The migration of German settlers southward from Pennsylvania into the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. 25. In the first of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from A. the White residents of Oklahoma B. President Andrew Jackson C. the United States Supreme Court D. the Democratic pres E. the United States Congress 26. President Jackson's Native American (Indian) policy resulted in which of the following?

6 A. Jackson's loss of popularity around the country. B. The first efforts to grant citizenship to Native Americans. C. The division of tribal lands into small units and their allotment to heads of families in each tribe. D. Widespread uprisings among the Sioux in the Dakota territory. E. The removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to settlements across the Mississippi. 27. President Andrew Jackson s Specie Circular stipulated that A. Inefficient employees of the federal government should be immediately dismissed regardless of their political affiliation. B. Federal government deposits should be withdrawn from the Second Bank of the United States C. No federal funds should be spent on internal improvements D. Paper money should not be accepted in payment for federal government lands sold. E. The government would use force necessary to collect the tariff in South Carolina. 28. The "Panic of 1837" was in large part precipitated by A. unrestricted land speculation in the new territories west of the Mississippi River. B. fears of a war with Britain over disputed territory along the border between Canada and Maine. C. fears of a war with Mexico over disputed territory in Texas. D. tight monetary policies by Jacksonian Democrats culminating in the issuance of the Specie Circular. E. uncontrolled inflation following actions by Jacksonian Democrats to take the U.S. dollar off the "gold standard." 29. The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson s attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was A the creation of the independent treasury B an expansion of credit and speculation C the failure of state banks D the establishment of modern banking regulations E the creation of a federal deficit 30. In Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837), the Supreme Court influenced the direction of the economy by ruling that A mercantilism was the right economic philosophy for the nation B the implied privileges of old charters were valid C one bridge was sufficient for traffic over the Charles River D the charter of the Boston Associates was valid E new enterprises could not be restrained by old charters 31. In the disputed election of 1824, all of the following were candidates for the presidency EXCEPT

7 A Andrew Jackson B John Quincy Adams C Henry Clay D William H. Crawford E Daniel Webster 32. Which of the following arguments were used by opponents against the Second Bank of the United States? I. it did not distribute tax money throughout the nation II. it checked the growth of local banks Ill. it had too much power IV. it was unresponsive to financial crises V. it was undemocratic A B C D E I and II only I and IV only I, II and III only I, II, ill and IV only I, II, ill, IV and V

8 33. The union membership card pictured above is designed to accomplish which of the following? A Encourage United States workers to unite against foreign competition B Assure the public that strikes and walkouts were not part of union policy C Link union membership with patriotic and religious images D Point out the dangers of working as a longshoreman E Show that membership in the longshoremen 34. The Whigs of the 1830s and 1840s differed from the Jacksonian Democrats in that the Whigs A. won the support of Irish immigrants. B. secured the removal of Native Americans (Indians) to lands west of the Mississippi. C. supported the American System of Henry Clay D. favored a laissez-faire economy. E. urged the annexation of Texas. 35. In the 1830s and 1840s, the primary difference between the Whigs and the Democrats was that A. The Whigs favored economic expansion while the Democrats favored a stable but retracted economy B. The Democrats favored the abolition of slavery while the Whigs favored retaining the current system of slavery being allowed in the Southern states that desired it, but no further expansion of slavery north of the Mason-Dixon line.

9 C. The Whigs favored an expanded, activist federal government while the Democrats favored a limited non-interventionist federal government D. The Democrats were strongly supported by Evangelical Christians and supported a wide range of oral reforms while the Whigs were supported by Westerners who favored individual choice over morally based restrictions on behavior E. The Whigs favored limitations on westward expansion while the Democrats favored the concept of manifest destiny and expansion to the Pacific Ocean. 36. The term "cult of domesticity" refers to A. an aspect of the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692, in which mainly middle-aged matrons were accused of practicing evil magic. B the Shakers, a religious sect founded by Mother Ann Lee in the eighteenth C. century. the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers during the early nineteenth century. D. the defense given by antebellum apologists for slavery, who argued that bondage was a form of benevolent paternalism. E. the Puritans' insistence on the importance of the family as the cornerstone of their social order.

10 37. The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth-century middle-class view of the A. home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit. B. declining influence in the family structure. C. economic value of children to families. D. importance of religious education. E. widening role of women in society. 38. Which of the following sources would be useful in studying social mobility and stratification? I Manuscript census returns II Election returns III The President's executive orders IV City directories

11 V Tax records A. I and IV only B. I, IV, and V only C. II, III, and V only D. II, III, IV and V only E. I, II, III, IV and V 39. Which of the following would most likely have said, "... children should be children as long as they can"? A. A New England Puritan B. A Southern slaveholder C. A mid-nineteenth century educational reformer. D. An Irish immigrant in the Lowell mills. E. A parent of a pioneer family in the West. 40. "In 1800 schoolchildren (ages 5-19) spent an average of only fourteen days in school each year. By 1850 this figure had nearly doubled, going to twenty-six days, and by 1860, it had risen to forty days per year, almost triple the figure for By 1860 the literacy rate at age twenty had attained modern levels, exceeding ninety percent among Whites." This passage describes results brought about chiefly through A. state and local efforts in behalf of public schools. B. the work of private philanthropists C. the extension of federally supported school systems D. the increasing ability of families to afford tutors. E. the establishment of church-supported schools. 41. Which of the following provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800 to 1860? I Income tax II Sales tax III Customs duties IV Land sales V Real estate taxes A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and V only D. III and IV only E. III, IV and V only.

12 42. All of the following conditions influenced the development of American agriculture during the first half of the nineteenth century EXCEPT? A. A government policy favoring rapid settlement of the public domain. B. A widespread interest in conserving soil and natural resources. C. The trend toward regional economic specialization. D. The enthusiasm for land speculation. E. improvements in transportation by water. 43. In which year would the population of an Atlantic seacoast city most likely have appeared as follows? Categories (selected groups of total population) Number Born in the United States of parents born in United States (White) Born in Ireland (White) Born in United States of parents born in Ireland (White) 2017 Born in Russia (White) 10 Born in United States of parents born in Russia 2 Non-White born in United States 2317 A B C D E In the pre-civil War era, the railroad's most important impact on the economy was the A. creation of a huge new market for railway equipment. B. generation of new employment opportunities for unskilled urban workers. D. participation of the federal government in the financing of a nationwide transportation network. E. accessibility to Eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern farmers. 45. Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that A an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic B the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people C political participation by the common man should be increased D political rights should be granted to women E franchise restrictions should be racially neutral 46. Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by A French Canadian immigrants B freed African Americans from the South C Irish immigrants D German immigrants E Italian immigrants

13 47. One index of the nation's economy during the period from was that per capita income A doubled and the price of goods fell B remained constant and the price of goods remained constant C fell and the price of goods fell D fell and the price of goods increased E doubled and the price of goods rose sharply 48. Between 1800 and 1860, the region with the fastest growing urban population was A New England B the Middle Atlantic states C the Southwest D the Southeast E the West Coast 49. One of the major reasons for the persistant mass violence in the 1830's and 1840's was A competition among rival football clubs B electoral contests between Republicans and Democrats C social and economic tensions in society D pursuit by the government of a pro-british foreign policy E the agitation of foreign governments 50. In Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville described the growth of an aristocracy in the United States based on A slave ownership B industrial wealth C morality D family inheritance E government contracts 51. During the first thirty years of the 19th Century, which of the following occupations employed an increasingly large number of working women? A government clerk B secretary C coal miner D textile mill worker E foreign language interpreter 52. Between 1820 and 1860, the largest number of immigrants to the United States migrated from A England B the German states C Ireland D the West Indies E Mexico

14 53. One reason why German immigrants in the early 19th Century were accepted more readily than Irish immigrants was that A many Germans were middle class B they settled largely in major cities C their customs were similar to those of most Americans D most Germans were English speakers E most were Protestants 54. Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in A urban areas of the North B seacoast cities of the South C rural sections of the Old Northwest D California E Appalachia 55. A distinguishing feature of American society in the early nineteenth century was the A increasing readership of newspapers B lack of enthusiasm for religious reform C embrace of an aristocratic hierarchy D creation of original forms of art and architecture E dislike of voluntary associations 56. "From the beginning of the settlement of America, the frontier regions have exercised a steady influence toward democracy.... American democracy is fundamentally the outcome of the experience of the American people in dealing with the West.... " A. manifest destiny B. Jeffersonian democracy C. the Turner thesis D. Jacksonian democracy E. liberal republicanism. 57. According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was A Puritan theology B transcendentalism C the American Revolution D the Civil War E the frontier