APUSH 4/13/16. Agenda: HW: Turn in Ford Chart SA Test Carter Notes. Study for Test Terms Shirt Money Extra Credit

Transcription

1 APUSH 4/13/16 Agenda: Turn in Ford Chart SA Test Carter Notes HW: Study for Test Terms Shirt Money Extra Credit

2 Election of 1976 (Bicentennial Campaign) Republican Ford Dem Jimmy Carter Dark horse candidate Peanut farmer, GA governor, sincere, very Christian Ran on honesty - I ll never lie to you An outsider who was untainted & could clean up big government

3 Votes: % pop vote, 97% black vote Dems swept Congress

4 President Jimmy Carter Democrat

5 Presidential Rankings: C-Span Survey, Abraham Lincoln 15. Bill Clinton 29. Zachary Taylor 2. Franklin Roosevelt 16. William McKinley 30. Benjamin Harrison 3. George Washington 17. John Adams 31. Martin Van Buren 4. Theodore Roosevelt 18. George H.W. Bush 32. Chester Arthur 5. Harry Truman 19. John Quincy Adams 33. Rutherford Hayes 6. John Kennedy 20. James Madison 34. Herbert Hoover 7. Thomas Jefferson 21. Grover Cleveland 35. John Tyler 8. Dwight Eisenhower 22. Gerald Ford 36. George W. Bush 9. Woodrow Wilson 23. Ulysses Grant 37. Millard Fillmore 10. Ronald Reagan 11. Lyndon Johnson 12. James Polk 13. Andrew Jackson 14. James Monroe 24. William Taft 25. Jimmy Carter 26. Calvin Coolidge 27. Richard Nixon 28. James Garfield 38. Warren Harding 39. William Harrison 40. Franklin Pierce 41. Andrew Johnson 42. James Buchanan

6 Initial policies Dept of Education, Dept of Energy Tax cut Pardoned 10,000 draft dodgers Honeymoon over Congress didn t like an outsider Carter didn t consult Congress, isolated himself with other outsiders

7 Economic Problems Inflation less during Ford, now back up OPEC oil prices hurting US the most 27% of GNP depended on foreign trade (from 10%) Never again will we be economically isolated Must master foreign language and culture to prosper in globalized economy End of Carter - $60 bil in debt Elderly on fixed income suffering Lenders increase interest rate to 20% to protect from inflation Small businesses hurt, construction hurt

8 Economic Problems Economic disease stemmed from dependence on foreign oil Carter proposed energy conservation legislation US public indifferent

9 The Environment Superfund - created to clean up toxic waste sites Signed bill to protect 100 million acres of Alaskan wilderness

10 Foreign Policy

11 Humanitarian diplomacy Concern for human rights guided his foreign policy Helped oppressed in Rhodesia and S. Africa Condemned countries such as Cuba, Uganda, Argentina 1000s of Cubans, assisted by SU, appear in Africa to support revolutionary factions Didn t criticize those needed for US security

12 Panama Canal Treaty, 1977: transferred ownership of the canal to Panama in 1999 and guaranteed its neutrality President Jimmy Carter & Gen. Omar Torrijos, Panama's leader, shake hands after signing the Panama Canal Treaty on Sept 7, 1977

13 President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, shake hands after signing the Camp David Accords on September 17, 1978 Camp David Accords, 1978 Carter invited President Anwar Sadat of Egypt & PM Menachem Begin of Israel to Camp David Signed accords Israel will withdraw from Sinai Peninsula, Egypt will recognize Israel 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty Carter s greatest achievement

14 President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, shake hands after signing the Camp David Accords on September 17, 1978 Consequences of Accords Fate of Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza Strip still not clear full autonomy? Sadat assassinated, Egypt out of Arab league Iraq takes its place as leader of Arab countries

15 Official U.S. recognition of the People s Republic of China in 1979 Ended US recognition of Taiwan as legitimate Chinese govt Conservatives called decision a sell out

16 SALT II Carter & Brezhnev limited levels of lethal strategic weapons never ratified Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Dec 1979 US embargo on export of food/tech to SU US gave aid to Afghan Mujahideen Boycotted Olympic Games in Moscow Proposed creation of a Rapid Deployment Force to respond suddenly to crises Proposed young people be made to register for a possible draft Use any means necessary to protect Persian Gulf against SU SALT II dead SU met resistance in Afghanistan decade long guerilla war (Russia s Vietnam)

17 Herblock, Moscow Olympics 1980, July 19, 1978, Washington Post

18 Carter Doctrine - United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf

19 Iranian Revolution Biggest and most damaging issue of Carter s presidency Shah Mohammed Resa Pahlevi overthrown in 1979 Succeeded by Ayatollah Khomeini Muslim fundamentalists resented shah s campaign to westernize and secularize country US is the Great Satan

20 America was frequently portrayed as The Great Satan during the Iranian Revolution

21 Oil from Iran stopped flowing into world commerce, oil shortages, OPEC increased prices Long lines at gas stations, gas only on certain days Carter retreated to Camp David called in world leaders to get their views on crisis Malaise speech: Carter criticized public for depending on material goods Said there was a Crisis of confidence Fired 4 cabinet secretaries

22 Iran Hostage Crisis Carter allowed deposed Shah into US for medical treatment 400 Iranian student revolutionaries stormed US embassy in Tehran and took 52 hostages Demanded Shah be returned TV showed Iranian mobs burning US flag, spitting on Uncle Sam effigies

23 US embargo on Iran Eagle Claw rescue mission Commando team sent in but had equipment failures 2 helicopters collided, killed 8 Operation Eagle Claw resulted in 8 dead Americans and two downed helicopters.

24 Carter was perceived as weak, indecisive, and ineffective and was crushed in the 1980 presidential election

25 Algiers Accords - Hostages were finally released after 444 days in captivity They were released on the day of Reagan s inauguration

26 Carter became a humanitarian and human rights activist Works with Habitat for Humanity 2002 Nobel Peace Prize For his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. His life after the Presidency has become the model that many current President s have tried to emulate.