1. Growing Executive!

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1 Exam 7 Notes

2 Lecture 1 1. Growing Executive! Congress - Creates agencies that execute & enforce laws We nearby create an agency to protect the environment and they may create regulations w/ our permission as necessary to carry out this protection. Birth of the... I.E. EPA They begin to promulgate how they will do this called... Agencies do? Promulgate regulations - create laws that Congress allows them to pass. Today, they impact everything from drinking water, to energy star products to how much mileage your car gets

3 EPA FCC SEC FAA NSA FBI FDA FEMA USPS

4 2. Creating the Presidency! Political Characteristics! Created to Balance power of Congress! Federalist #70 - President needed with right powers and right responsibility to people and government

5 3. Qualifications 1. Must be age 35 (or older) 2. A natural-born citizen! Birthers against Obama 3. Resident of U.S. for 14 years 4. Not already elected twice

6 4. Terms 4 years Write only underlined words. Washington started a 2 term (8 yr.) tradition. Every President followed this tradition, but 1, WHO? Franklin Roosevelt was elected to 4 terms! 22nd Amendment makes 2 term election a law. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice and no person who has held the office for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected more than once. 22nd Amendment Based upon the 22nd Amendment what is the longest any person could be president LONGEST ANY PRESIDENT CAN SERVE TODAY! 10 years = 2 years someone else s term + 8 years of your 2 terms

7 5. Many Roles & Powers of the President! A. Head of State - ceremonial! B. Chief Executive - head of execution of law! Execute acts of Congress & Courts! Powers of Nomination (Appointment Power) -! Dept & Agency Leaders (1% of Executive Branch)! Senate - Advise and Consent.Confirmation Power! Reprieves and Pardons - Fed only!! reprieve - sentence not carried out! pardon - release from being prosecuted

8 ! C. Commander-in-Chief! Military powers! Civilian head of armed forces! **War Powers Resolution (1973) - Limit Prez Power! Prez controls where and when, but Congress checks w/ power of purse $$! Attempt to balance powers of:! Congress - Declare War The Football!! v.! President - Commanderin-Chief End Lecture 1 Watch Parts of 13 Days

9

10 Lecture 2! D. Chief Diplomat! Treaties v Executive Agreements! Treaty - 2/3 Senate approval and binding on future Presidents President s Power Boosters Ways Presidents get around the Constitution to accomplish their policy goals and increase their power in the modern world! Power Booster #1 - **Ex Agreement - Binds nation like a treaty, but next President can rescind.! Why do? Doesn t need Senate approval of a treaty, but acts like a treaty during their presidency.! Iranian Deal is an Ex. A.

11 ! E. Chief Legislator - increasing role! Veto Power! No partial or Line-Item Veto - Sign or Veto all. Clinton v. NY! **Signing statements - Power Booster #2- signing of bill, BUT I won t enforce it this part of it! (kind of a partial veto?!) How to enforce new laws. W. Bush signed more than all Presidents with 800. Obama has used it 20+ times.

12 Watch SNL Executive Order Skit.! F. Executive Orders - Power Booster #3 Orders how to enforce existing laws (or not enforce!)! Revokable by next President! Examples Obama - immigration prioritizing! Trump Travel Bans! Most popular with Congress IN-action on issues.! G. The Bully Pulpit - Biggest Voice of Gov t. Speeches, Tweets, etc. can raise awareness or push for policy changes

13 The 21st Century American Presidency has changed the Office dramatically in terms of size and powers. Explain 3 ways the modern president has increased presidential powers. The President increases his power by using (Name it!). (Explain it!) This increases their power by (Summarize it!). End Lecture 2

14 7. Powers limiting Presidents Begin Lecture 3 A. Civil Service - Protects 99% of executive jobs from presidents firing them without cause. Presidents dislike bc hard to make changes

15 B. Impeachment/ Removal of a President for High Crimes and Misdemeanors -Majority of House - Impeach (2) -2/3 Senate - Removal (never)

16 Clinton Impeachment Trial Impeachment = 218 in House Removal = 67 Senators

17 8. The Executive Branch Organization - pg 419!The Cabinet! Heads of 15 executive departments and other key officials (VP)! Heads - Secretaries - Nom and Confirm.! Not required by Constitution or law..tradition

18 9. The Vice President! Strengthening the ticket! Help w/ Presidential weaknesses! Succession! 1.VP 2. Speaker! 3. Pro Temp 4. S.State! 25 Incapacity! Maj. Cabinet can take power from President. (DoD photo by R. D. Ward) End Lecture 3 13 Days

19 The Bureaucracy

20 10. The Nature of Bureaucracy! Bureaucracy: agencies who execute laws and MAKE laws when Congress allows! - Underrated 4th Branch ( Chip East/Reuters/Corbis)

21 Defense Spending and Government Inefficiency?

22 Public Bureaucracies!Organized to serve citizens Private Business!Organized to make profit!job Protection!!.1% fired!little Job Protection Problem = Less Motivation w/ few incentives to work hard.make same $$ working hard or not!!zootopia Scene! Benefit = Motivation! Incentives to work hard to make more $$ Should Bureaucracy be more like a business..how?

23 11. The Organizations of Ex. Branch! 1. Departments - In line to Pres.! Report directly to Pres.! some can promulgate rules! 2. Ex. Agencies - specific task! not Dept. but direct reporting to Pres.! ex. CIA- Intelligence NASA-Space President nominates leaders. May fire leaders any time! 3. Regulatory Agencies - regulate industry!! ex. Nuclear Reg Commission President nominates leaders May fire leaders only w/ reasons! 4. Government Companies. -USPS, Amtrak Gov t Biz, hopeful profits

24 Executive Agencies Regulatory Agencies

25 12. Congress Bureaucracy Control Bureaucracy - Don t be an OAF!!!!! 1. O. Oversight of - Questioning! Police Patrol Reviews! Fire Alarm - Problems! FEMA w/ Katrina!! 2. A. Approval of Leadership! Senate consent Breakdown! 3. F. Funding of!! Do well, get more $$

26 13. Iron Triangle - Groups in concert with each other to make something CONGRESS Controls Funding of Agency tank parts made in states supporting Agency Favorable taxes & laws $$ for re-election EX AGENCY Push easy regulations Provides contracts to build INTEREST GROUPS BUSINESSES

27 14. Issue Networks in the passage of new policies We battle it out because only one of us will get our policy supported and passed by Congress or the Executive Branch Use $$/Influence to get decisions made, supported by Congress and favorable regulations Federal Gun Legislation? Supporters Interest Groups - -$$ $$ to Super PACs for studies on guns to and campaigns to support issue -$$ for media buys to support issue Opposition Interest Groups (NRA) & Gun Businesses - -$$$$ to Super PACs then to candidates to support the issue -$$ for media buys to support issue

28 !Bureaucracy Organizations! Cabinet, Departments, Agencies, Companies! Bureaucracy Control! Iron Triangles v. Issue Networks

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