Washington FEDERALIST ERA. Government is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.

Transcription

1 FEDERALIST ERA Washington Government is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master. The Constitution is the guide which I never will abandon. I walk on untrodden ground. There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn into precedent.

2 MAN OF PRECEDENT Precedent-An action that is an example for future events Cabinet - group of advisors to offer guidance - Appoints Secretary of State, Treasury, War, and Attorney General Recommended laws to Congress... Bill of Rights and Judiciary Act passed.

3 JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 Sets up Federal Courts System Supreme Court Court of Appeals District Courts

4 FINANCIAL DEBATE Hamilton, believing that government must ally itself with the richest elements of society to make itself strong, proposed to Congress a series of laws that would do just that.

5 PART 1 Part 1: - Tariffs on foreign imports and an excise tax on whisky Reac<ons: - North favored it because it protected American businesses - South and West were angry because their exports were taxed by other countries - South and West were hit hardest by whiskey tax

6 Sectional Tension

7 PART 2 & 3 Part 2 - Pay back war bonds people bought to pay for war North in favor since they owned most bonds - South and West hurt by taxes used to pay back bonds Part 3 - Federal gov. to pay debts owed by States North liked this since they owed most debt - same story as before for the South and West

8 HAMILTON S FINANCIAL PLAN - PART 4 Create National Bank as a partnership between government and certain banking interests. Because to the disagreements, two new political parties would form Appointed Secretary of Treasury Jefferson (Sect. of State) is outraged by National Bank proposal and suggests no authority in Constitution to create one.

9 Jefferson Speaks Out I, however, place economy among the first and most important republican virtues, and public debt as the greatest of the dangers to be feared. "I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies."

10 WHISKEY TAX TO PAY BONDS Congress enacted a steep tax on spirits in 1791 to help pay down the national debt, and hard-hit small producers protested by taking to the streets in western Pennsylvania. They quickly formed a multi-state armed rebellion and President George Washington called in 13,000 troops to quell the opposition.

11 FRENCH REVOLUTION French middle and lower class overthrow the elite to end Feudalism.

12 YOUNG AND SURROUNDED British Natives Spanish

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14 The Treaty: Jay s Treaty Terms: - Britain could con<nue impressment - Britain agreed to give up forts in America (but did not) - Britain gave America most favored na<on trading status (important) Reac.ons: - Americans were furious with the terms - France and Spain worried that America was gemng closer with Britain JAY S TREATY

15 PINCKNEY S TREATY The Treaty: Pinckney s Treaty Terms: - SeNled boundary between America and Spanish Florida - Spain let America to use Mississippi River and New Orleans for trade Reac.ons: - Rela<onship between Spain and America improved - Americans were happy due to new land and trade

16 WASHINGTON S FAREWELL ADDRESS Stay Neutral No Factions Obey Constitution