amendments Wednesday, June 26, :58:25 AM Serial No Amendment Year Government Subject Description

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1 amendments Wednesday, June 26, :58:25 AM 4 Fourth 1955 Nehru FR State can compulsorilly acquire private property for a public purpose. Compensation provided by the state can't be challenged in any court. Protection was provided to state monopolies. 16 Sixteenth 1963 Nehru FR Enabled the government to impose any restrictions on FRs to protect the sovereignty and integrity of India. 25 Twenty-fifth 1971 Indira Gandhi Court Jurisdiction Barred the jurisdiction of Courts over acquisition laws. The word "compensation" in the case of take over was substituted by amount. 42 Forty-second 1976 Indira Gandhi FR Passed by Parliament on Nov. 2, ratified by 1/2 state assemblies. Presidential assent on Dec Contains 59 clauses. Page 1 of 8 Main features:- Preamble altered - Socialist and Secular added. Directive Principles have been given precedence over FR wherever they came into conflict Prevention or prohibition of antinational activities take precedence over FR Fundamental duties laid down. Non-compliance punishable.. No court shall question the validity of such action. No. of seats in LS frozen till 2001( as in 1971) Duration of LS increased by one year. Made six years. No quorum for LS and state assembly meetings. State emergency - maximum one year at a time instead of 6 months. Union has power to deploy armed forces in any state. No court can question the competence of Parliament to amend the constitution in any manner. President's liability to act in accordance with the advice of the council of ministers has been made mandatory.

2 44 Forty-fourth 1978 Morarji Desai FR Same as 43rd. 52 Fifty-second 1985 Rajiv Gandhi Party system Anti defection bill, Tenth schedule included. To control defections. To gain stability and to clean the political system. 62 Sixty-second 1989 Rajiv Gandhi Reservation Extension of reservation by another 10 years (upto 2000). 73 Seventy-third 1992 Narsimha Rao Local self government 74 Seventy-fourth 1992 Narsimha Rao Local self government Adds Part IX to the constitution and provides for Panchyats in every state at the village intermediate and district level. And also adds the 11th schedule describing the composotion and duties of the Panchayats. Adds part IX A - Constitution and composotion of Municipalities and ward committees. Adds 12th schedule. Page 2 of 8

3 86 Eighty Sixth 2002 NDA Right to Education Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, Insertion of new article 21A.- After article 21 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:- Right to education.- "21A. The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.". 3. Substitution of new article for article 45.- For article 45 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:-. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years. "45. The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.". 4. Amendment of article 51A.- In article 51A of the Constitution, after clause (J), the following clause shall be added, Page 3 of 8

4 86 namely:- "(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.". SUBHASH C. JAIN, Secy.to the Govt. of India. STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS Page 4 of 8 The Constitution of India in a Directive Principle contained in article 45, has 'made a provision for free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of fourteen years within ten years of promulgation of the Constitution. We could not achieve this goal even after 50 years of adoption of this provision. The task of providing education to all children in this age group gained momentum after the National Policy of Education (NPE) was announced in The Government of India, in partnership with the State Governments, has made strenuous efforts to fulfil this mandate and, though significant improvements were seen in various educational indicators, the ultimate goal of providing universal and quality education still remains unfulfilled. In order to fulfil this goal, it

5 86 is felt that an explicit provision should be made in the Part relating to Fundamental Rights of the Constitution. 2. With a view to making right to free and compulsory education a fundamental right, the Constitution (Eighty-third Amendment) Bill, 1997 was introduced in Parliament to insert a new article, namely, article 21 A conferring on all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years the right to free and compulsory education. The said Bill was scrutinised by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development and the subject was also dealt with in its 165th Report by the Law Commission of India. 3. After taking into consideration the report of the Law Commission of India and the recommendations of the Standing Committee of Parliament, the proposed amendments in Part III, Part IV and Part IVA of the Constitution are being made which are as follows:- (a) to provide for free and compulsory education to children in the age group of 6 to 14 years and for this purpose, a legislation would be introduced in Parliament after the Constitution (Ninetythird Amendment) Bill, 200l is enacted; Page 5 of 8 (b) to provide in article 45 of the Constitution that the State

6 86 shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years; and (c) to amend article 5lA of the Constitution with a view to providing that it shall be the obligation of the parents to provide opportunities for education to their children. 3. The Bill seeks to achieve the above objects. MURLI MANOHAR JOSHI. NEWDELHI; The 16th November, Page 6 of 8

7 92 Ninety-second 2003 NDA Inclusion of Bodo language in the 8th schedule Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, This Act may be called the Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, (2) Amendment of Eighth Schedule : In the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution, - (a) (a)existing entry 3 shall be re-numbered as entry 5, and before entry 5 as so re-numbered, the following entries shall be inserted, namely:- 3.Bodo. 4.Dogri. ; STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS There have been demands for inclusion of certain languages in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution. It is proposed to include Bodo language in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution. 2. The Bill seeks to achieve the above object. Page 7 of 8

8 92 L.K.ADVANI NEW DELHl; The 7th August, Page 8 of 8