1. The Pennsylvania state constitution of 1776 created a(n) legislature and, overall, the most democratic government in America and Europe.

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1 Page 1 AP U.S. History- Mr. Flint Test Chapter 7: The New Political Order, Take Home Enrichment Extra Credit Test You may earn 1 extra credit point for each correct completion question and 5 points for each well reasoned and correct extended response question. This is only for review and extra credit. Name: Date: 1. The Pennsylvania state constitution of 1776 created a(n) legislature and, overall, the most democratic government in America and Europe. 2. The state whose Revolutionary constitution imposed the highest property requirements for voting and holding office was. 3. 's Revolutionary constitution was unique in giving the right to vote to all free adult citizens women as well as men who met a specified property requirement. 4. The Articles of Confederation were passed by Congress in 1777 but were not ratified until because of a dispute among the states over. 5. Daniel Shays was a former Continental army officer who led a Massachusetts farmers' uprising demanding relief for. 6. The well-known Patriot who refused to attend the Philadelphia convention because he favored a strictly limited national government was. 7. The Virginia Plan for a truly national government that was presented at the Philadelphia convention was designed by. 8. Delegates at the Philadelphia convention placed the responsibility for selecting a president in the hands of a(n). 9. Delegates at the Philadelphia convention determined that for purposes of taxation and representation, every slave would be counted as of a free person. 10. The framers of the Constitution stipulated that when of the original thirteen states ratified it, it would go into effect. 11. The supporters of the Constitution became known as. 12. During the debate over the Constitution, rural feared that a powerful central government controlled by merchants and creditors could produce a new aristocracy. 13. In his essay known as The Federalist, No. 10, argued that it was sown in the nature of man for individuals to seek power and that the task of government in a free society should not be to factions but to keep any one of them from becoming. 14. George Washington appointed as his secretary of state in 1789.

2 Page In 1790, devised a sweeping and controversial plan to enhance the authority of the new federal government and to consolidate its finances, and it was adopted despite a counterproposal by, who opposed the profits that Hamilton's plan would hand to speculators while providing no relief for the disadvantaged. 16. A was a form of tax initially called for by Alexander Hamilton that would exclude foreign products. 17. In his Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson declared to be the chosen people of God. 18. The broke out in 1792 when farmers attacked tax collectors in western Pennsylvania. 19. In 1793, when Britain's Royal Navy began seizing American vessels bound for France from the West Indies, President Washington sent to London to seek compensation and to settle financial and territorial disputes between the United States and Great Britain. 20. French agents dubbed,, and insulted the honor of Americans when they, along with French foreign minister, solicited a bribe and loans from American diplomats to stop the French seizure of American ships. 21. To silence its political critics, in 1798 the Adams administration pushed through Congress the that lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship, the that authorized the deportation of foreigners, and the that prohibited the publication of ungrounded or malicious attacks on the president or Congress. 22. Jefferson and Madison introduced resolutions in the legislatures of and to void the Alien and Sedition Acts of In 1800, Thomas Jefferson and received the same number of votes for president in the electoral college, thus forcing to select the president.

3 Page 3 Use the following to answer questions 24-27: Ratifying the Constitution of 1787 Choose the letter on the map that correctly identifies each of the following: 24. The southern state whose convention voted unanimously to ratify the Constitution 25. Two New England states that narrowly ratified the Constitution in The last of the original thirteen states to ratify the Constitution 27. The region in New York most opposed to the Constitution

4 Page 4 EXTENDED RESPONSE QUESTIONS 28. What kind of government did James Madison seek at the Philadelphia convention, and what kinds of compromises were necessary to achieve his objectives? 29. How can one reconcile Gouverneur Morris's aristocratic beliefs with his willingness to support the Revolution?

5 Page Describe Hamilton's financial plans and the arguments advanced against them. 31. What was Thomas Jefferson's vision for the future of America?

6 Page 6 Answer Key 1. unicameral/one-house 2. South Carolina 3. New Jersey ; western lands 5. taxes 6. Patrick Henry 7. James Madison 8. electoral college 9. three-fifths 10. nine 11. Federalists 12. Antifederalists 13. James Madison; suppress/prevent; dominant/too powerful 14. Thomas Jefferson 15. Alexander Hamilton; James Madison 16. protective tarriff 17. yeomen farmers 18. Whiskey Rebellion 19. John Jay 20. X; Y; Z; Talleyrand 21. Naturalization Act; Alien Act; Sedition Act 22. Kentucky; Virginia 23. Aaron Burr; the House of Representatives 24. A 25. B, J 26. H 27. E 28. James Madison, whose Virginia Plan provided the basis for negotiation at the Philadelphia convention, wanted a constitution that established a powerful national government. He was forced to make some concessions on such issues as representation, yet the Constitution clearly established a national government with enormous power and with the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. The new government could regulate commerce, levy taxes, and provide for the defense of the new nation. The Constitution also deprived the states of the power to issue money and to pass legislation that would annul the obligation to fulfill a contract. The issue of slavery required major concessions to slaveholding states to produce a compact to which all states would be willing to adhere. 29. As an aristocrat, Morris believed that a privileged, wealthy, and informed elite should set social standards, run the economy, and rule. For him, the Revolution was not a matter of letting the people rule themselves but a process of American aristocratic elites taking over from the British to govern the United States. However, Morris acknowledged that each person possessed certain freedom of actions and beliefs. Jefferson enumerated these Enlightenment principles in the Declaration as being the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. The state could not usurp such rights. In sum, this set of beliefs constituted a remarkable revolution in political thought. In time, these ideas would profoundly reshape American political life. But the revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Scientific, Enlightenment, American, and French), although carrying the seeds of social equality, did not--by Morris's time--have much of a leveling effect on the social order. Very traditional notions of property ownership prevailed. The prerogative to actually exercise political power was only be entrusted to those who held substantial property. Owners of property were seen as being committed to the welfare of the republic and thus best able to lead it.

7 30. Hamilton's financial plans were embodied in his Report on the Public Credit. In this controversial report, he called for the federal government to redeem the securities issued by the Confederation at face value, to assume the states' debts, and to establish a national bank. All these proposals were hotly contested. Many speculators had bought securities issued by the Confederation and by the states at prices far below their stated value when inflation forced the original purchasers into financial difficulty. Citizens committed to republican ideology saw the redemption of these bonds at face value as a form of corruption. They also argued that a portion of the money paid to redeem the bonds should be paid to the original purchasers. Representatives from states that had levied high taxes to pay their war debts objected to the federal assumption of states' debts, wishing to avoid being taxed again to pay the debts of other states. As for a national bank, Jefferson, Madison, and their followers saw it as an unconstitutional attempt to broaden the powers of the national government. 31. Jefferson envisioned a democratic and egalitarian America. He deplored the prospect of the large industrial with their thousands of workers toiling in miserable conditions in order to produce wealth for a favored few. Jefferson envisioned an agrarian society that would export grain and meat in exchange for European-manufactured goods. Jefferson's expectation rested on westward expansion, which he hoped would make it possible for farmers to avoid tenancy and dependence on wages and give them enough land to live as independent producers. Page 7