9.1 The First President

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1 9.1 The First President Washington Takes Ofice precedent: tradition, or something done or said that may serve as an example or rule to follow later April 30, 1789 Geo. Wash. 1st pres, John Adams VP The First Congress cabinet: a group of advisors to the president Thomas Jefferson State Dept relations w/ other nations Alex. Hamilton Treasury Dept inances of US Henry Knox Dept of War nation's defense Edmund Randolph Attorney General legal issues Postmaster General Judiciary Act of 1789 established federal court system 13 district courts & 3 circuit courts John Jay 1st Supreme Court Chief Justice The Bill of Rights added Dec limits the powers of govt

2 The New Economy national debt: amount of $ owed by the nation's govt Hamilton's Plan national gov't take on debt of nation & states pay back other countries & American citizens Opposition to the Plan bonds: certiicate that promises to repay borrowed $ in the future, plus an additional amount of $ called interest ppl angry that speculators (ppl who risk $ in order to make a larger proit) would gain $ from being paid full price South angry cuz they didn't accumulate much debt, didn't want to share nation's debt Compromise Results in Capital South agrees to plan, capital located in South Washington, DC The Fight over the Bank Hamilton wanted Nat'l Bank; Madison & Jefferson only help wealthy & unconstitutional: inconsistent with the Constitution GW agreed w/ Hamilton; Congress created Nat'l Bank Tariffs and Taxes tariff: tax on imports to encourage manufacturing in US increased taxes on ppl

3 Bond price $10.00 The holder of this bond will collect $20.00 in 10 years.

4 9.2 Early Challenges The Whiskey Rebellion Tax on whiskey > farmers attacked tax collectors Wash. decided to use force to maintain social order Challenges in the West Wash. signed treaties w/ Native Am. hoping they'd stop alliances w/ Britain & Spain Americans moved onto Nat. Am. land previously promised in treaties Wash. sent St. Clair & army to restore order cuz of ighting 1791 St. Clair defeated by Little Turtle Brit. told Nat. Am to destroy Am settlements west of App. Wash. sent Wayne; Wayne defeated Blue Jacket's Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Greenville Nat. Am surrendered most of land in Ohio Problems w/ Europe Am. divided over Fr. Revolution 1789 Wash. advised U.S. remain neutral (not take sides in conlict) Washington Struggles to Stay Neutral Fr. & Brit. both tried to drag U.S. into their ight impressment: seizing people against their will & forcing them to serve in the military or other public service Jay's Treaty Brit. withdrew from U.S. soil, but didn't address impressment Treaty w/ Spain Sp. afraid U.S. & Brit. work against them in N. Am. Pinckney's Treaty w/ Spain Am. free navigation of Miss. River & right to New Orleans Washington's Farewell didn't want 3rd term warned against political parties

5 9.3 First Political Parties Opposing Parties partisan: irmly favoring one party or faction Political Parties Emerge Federalists strong federal gov't Const. gave implied powers (powers not expressly forbidden in Const.) fed. gov't can create a national bank pro Britain/ anti France educated, wealthier men hold office; didn't trust ordinary citizens support in New Eng. & Southern wealthy plantation owners Alexander Hamilton (Wash. usually supported him) Democratic Republicans wanted to limit gov't power strict interpretation of Const. NO Nat'l Bank anti Britain / pro France ordinary people necessary in gov't support from small farmers & urban workers esp. in Mid Atlantic & South Jefferson & Madison

6 The Election of 1796 caucuses: meeting of members of a pol. party to choose candidates for upcoming elections Fed. Adams & Pinckney DR Jefferson & Aaron Burr Adams & Jeff. > bitter rivals Adams 71 elect. votes / Jeff. 68 Const. = person w/ 2nd highest votes > VP, so Adams (Fed.) Pres. & Jeff. (DR) VP didn't make for a good working relationship :( John Adams as President The XYZ Affair Fr. had been seizing Am. ships w/ cargo for Brit. Adams sent delegation to Fr. to end dispute Fr. oficials sent 3 agents who demanded a bribe & loan Adams angry & reported to Congress Called Fr. agents XYZ & told Congress to prepare for war Alien & Sedition Acts aliens: residents who are not citizens Sedition: activities weakening the established govt. by inciting resistance or rebellion to authority SUPPOSED: afraid of Fr. aliens loyalty, Fed. passed Alien & Sedition Acts gave Pres. power to imprison aliens or send dangerous ppl out REALLY: worried that Fr. aliens would increase # of Dem Rep. & put Federalists out of ofice VA & KY Resolutions Madison & Jefferson wrote in protest of A & S Act nullify: legally overturn states' rights: idea that states should have all powers that the Const. does not give to the fed. govt or forbid to the states Fed. party split btn Adams & Hamilton which cleared the way for Jeff. election in 1800

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