Reconstruction ( )

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1 Reconstruction ( )

2 Section One: Introduction and Lincoln s Viewpoints

3 Why Reconstruction? In 1865, what/where needed to reconstructed in the United States?

4 What Was Reconstruction? Program by the federal government to repair the damaged South and restore the southern states to the Union.

5 Major Issues During Reconstruction Freed slaves, or freedmen Control of reconstruction activity in the South Readmission of Southern states into the Union The plantation system Infrastructure destroyed Why might these factors cause problems?

6 Should the Government Utilize Punishment or Compassion? Answer the above question in your notebook. Length Requirement: 2 sentences

7 Wade-Davis Bill (1864) 50% of white males must pledge loyalty to be readmitted Constitution must: abolish slavery, refuse secession, and disqualify Confederate officials from voting or holding office States were required to give blacks the right to vote Lincoln would not pass it

8 13th Amendment December 6, 1865: Outlawed slavery

9 Drawbacks The 13th Amendment did not Grant African Americans citizenship or the right to vote

10 Abraham Lincoln President of the United States from What does the political cartoon indicate about President Lincoln?

11 Abraham Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan Forgive, don t punish Easy and peaceful Pardon Confederate officials Rejoin when 10% of voters declare Union loyalty

12 Freedmen s Bureau (1865-9) First major U.S. relief agency Set up to help freed slaves adjust to new life Distributed food, clothes, medical services, education, and land

13 What Does the Following Cartoon Insinuate About The Freedmen s Bureau?

14 Issues With the Freedmen s Bureau Slaves should be given more than forty acres and a mule to support themselves Federal government should seize Confederate land and give it to the freedmen Others argued that this went against individual property rights.

15 Section Two: Presidential Reconstruction

16 Andrew Johnson Lincoln s VP Became president in 1865, after Lincoln s assassination Congress on vacation when appointed

17 In Your Notebook... Based on the political cartoon, how do you think the public felt about Johnson? Answer the question by listing 3 adjectives in your skeletal notes, please.

18 Andrew Johnson s Plan Reconstruction is president s job, not Congress More generous than Lincoln Pardoned Confederate leaders and most white Southerners Kept Ten Percent Plan

19 Johnson s Process Each former Confederate state had to: Call constitutional convention Ratify 13th Amendment

20 Johnson s Goal Readmit Southern states to the Union as quickly as possible Not concerned with meeting the needs of formerly enslaved people Do you agree with Johnson s goal?

21 Congress Was Angry, Because Former Confederate officers and political leaders were elected to Congress Development of Black Codes

22 Black Codes Laws that restricted freedmen s rights Examples: curfews, vagrancy laws, labor contracts, and land restrictions, written proof of work, forbidden to meet in groups or carry guns Why do you think this was problematic?

23 Section Three: Congressional Reconstruction

24 Radical Republicans Lincoln is too generous Use federal gov t to promote full citizenship for freed African Americans

25 Radical Republicans Cont d Main Goals: Prevent Confederacy leaders from returning to power Federal gov t will help African Americans by ensuring them the right to vote Small farms, free schools, and equality for all citizens

26 Agree or Disagree? We have turned, or are about to turn, loose four million slaves without a hut to shelter them or a cent in their pockets...if we leave them to the legislation of their late masters, we had better have left them in bondage. -Thaddeus Stevens, the Congressional Globe, Dec. 18, 1865

27 Civil Rights Act (1866) Citizenship for everyone born in U.S., except Native Americans African Americans can Own property Be treated equally in court Feds can sue anyone who violates these conditions

28 Johnson s Veto Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act Angered Radical Republicans

29 14th Amendment (1866) Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, which included former slaves recently freed

30 Supporting the 14th Amendment Increased violence in the South caused increased support for both Radical Republicans and the 14th Amendment

31 Readmittance to the Union Design a constitution Suffrage* for all adult males, regardless of race Which group might this have angered? Ratify 14th Amendment *the right to vote

32 Johnson s Impeachment Charged with High crimes and misdemeanors Attempting to undermine Reconstruction Found innocent

33 Senators Thoughts It would set a dangerous precedent to impeach a president simply because he did not agree with congressional policies.

34 Think About a Time in Your Life When You Encountered Change What was it and how did you react to it?

35 Section Four: Reactions to Change

36 Carpetbaggers Scalawags Northerners who moved to the South White Southerners who worked with Republicans and supported Reconstruction

37 Carpetbaggers Scalawags

38 Social and Political Changes African Americans became legislators and administrators on nearly all levels of gov t Delegates Mayors Police chiefs School commissioners 14 House of Reps 2 Senate

39 Primary Source: African Americans in the U.S. Senate Pictured: Senator Hiram R. Revels and Representatives Benjamin S. Turner, Josiah T. Walls, Joseph H. Rainey, Robert Brown Elliott, Robert D. De Large, and Jefferson H. Long. (1872)

40 Black Communities Public schools 40% of African American children attended school Churches Social events, picnics, political gatherings, festivals, unofficial courts

41 Freedman School in North Carolina

42 Sharecropping Farm the land and receive ⅓ of the crops Tenant farmers- rent farmland from owners

43 Effects of Sharecropping Another slave system Created a cycle of debt

44 Why Do Hate Groups Form in Cities? Answer the above question in your notebook. Think about modern sources of hate and violence.

45 Describe the Photo in 3 words

46 Ku Klux Klan Terrorist group fueled by racism Goals Restore Democratic control of the South Keep former slaves powerless

47 Ku Klux Klan Burned schools, churches, and homes Beat and tortured both African Americans and white Republicans Kept Republicans from the polls

48 Section Five: The End of Reconstruction

49 Ulysses S. Grant Republican candidate and former Civil War hero Wins 1868 election Won because of the freedmen s votes

50 15th Amendment (1870) Gave black males suffrage

51 Anti-Klan Bill (1871) Grant passes a bill allowing the police to take action against Klansmen Attacks on African American voters declined

52 Civil Rights Reversals Federal gov t couldn t punish those who violated African Americans rights States could prevent African Americans from voting Literacy tests Poll taxes

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