Launching a New Ship of State Part American Pageant Chapter 10

Transcription

1 Launching a New Ship of State Part American Pageant Chapter 10

2 The Emergence of Political Parties At the start--political parties not in existence or planned for Organized resistance: Anti-federalists Alexander Hamilton s fiscal policies State right(ers) Two party system since then Party out of power balances government

3 Impact of French Revolution French Revolution 1789 (A few weeks after Washington was inaugurated) Impact on U.S. Early stages removed Louis XVI Declared war on Austria then other countries Control of the Atlantic Reign of Terror executed all nobles

4 Impact of French Revolution American Reaction: Jeffersonian Republicans: Regret bloodshed, but Supported the French Revolution Hamiltonian Federalists: Feared change & mobocracy Worried about economic impact

5 Washington s Neutrality Proclamation Franco-American Alliance 1778 Bound U.S. to defend French West Indies Jeffersonians want to enter fight Washington Avoid war at all costs Nation to weak economically & politically Delay strategy birthrate to fight America s battles

6 Washington s Neutrality Proclamation Neutrality Proclamation 1793 Government neutral Citizens impartial Start of isolationist trend Washington announced w/out consulting congress

7 Washington s Neutrality Proclamation Citizen Genet Affair Edmund Genet French Republic representative Unauthorized--tried to recruit armies to invade Spanish Florida & Louisiana, etc. Tried to go over Washington s head to the voters Washington demanded his withdrawal

8 Washington s Neutrality Proclamation U.S. neutrality benefitted France U.S. too weak to help F.W.I. supplies British would have blockaded U.S. coast

9 Embroilments with Britain Kept chain of northern frontier forts Fur trade Indian Buffer states Miami Confederacy 8 Indian nations British sold firearms & whiskey Little Turtle Chief of Miami Confed defeat U.S. troops

10 Embroilments with Britain Battle of Fallen Timbers Indians abandoned by British Treaty of Greenville 1795 Confederacy yielded vast tracts of Old N.W. $20,000 given to Indians + $9,000 annually Allowed to still hunt in those lands Significance: Indians thought treaty put limits on U.S.

11 Embroilments with Britain Sea Frontier British want to starve French West Indies U.S. Merchants neutral supplies British seize 300 U.S. merchant ship & impress sailors into British Navy America s response Jeffersonians: want another war Hamiltonians: War w/britain would stop economics trade w/powerful nation

12 Jay s Treaty & Washington s Farewell John Jay sent to England to avoid war Jeffersonians did not like choice Hamilton told British Jay s strategy Jay s Treaty: British leave frontier forts (already promised) British pay damages for ships Did NOT pledge to stop future seizures or impressments U.S. pay debts to British merchants from Rev. War

13 Jay s Treaty & Washington s Farewell Unpopular w/americans Revitalized Jefferson s Democratic Republican party Southern planters pay majority of debts Pinckney s Treaty 1795 w/spain Spain granted U.S. navigation of Mississippi & territory north of Florida

14 Jay s Treaty & Washington s Farewell Washington decides to retire Two term precedent Farewell address Avoid permanent alliances Political parties were divisive His Contributions Strong central government U.S. fiscally sound Kept U.S. out of foreign wars

15 John Adams becomes President Hamilton too unpopular (fiscal policies) John Adams (Federalist) 1796 election Washington s V.P. Stern principles, but tactless Respectful irritation Hated by Hamilton Support in N.E. Jefferson (2 nd place) becomes his V.P.

16 Unofficial Fighting with France French felt Jay s treaty was a betrayal Refused to receive America s envoy XYZ Affair John Marshall & others sent to Talleyrand X, Y, & Z ask for bribe just to talk War hysteria breaks out in U.S. Navy Department United States Marine Corps (up to 10,000 men authorized) U.S. ships capture 80 armed ships, but Several 100 U.S. merchant ships taken

17 Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party Adams stays out of war Unpopular w/people especially Jeffersonians Convention of 1800 Treaty with Napoleon Ended peace time alliance w/france Paved way for purchase of Louisiana

18 The Federalist Witch Hunt Alien & Sedition Laws 1798 Anti-French frenzy Extended residency requirement from 5 to 14 years President empowered to deport in peace or imprison in war (never enforced) Imprisonment and/or fine for those who impede the government Matthew Lyon 4 mo. Jail for criticizing John Adams Purpose: Oppress pro-jeffersonians

19 The Virginia & Kentucky Resolution Reaction to Alien & Sedition Laws Virginia (Madison) & Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions: Extreme state-rights theory Compact Theory States made the compact w/the Constitution Nullification States could nullify federal law that betrayed them

20 The Virginia & Kentucky Resolution Reaction to Alien & Sedition Laws Virginia (Madison) & Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions: Extreme state-rights theory Compact Theory States made the compact w/the Constitution Nullification States could nullify federal law that betrayed them

21 Federalists v. Democratic Republicans Federalists Those who owned government should run it Government should support private enterprise Support Atlantic seaboard Internationally strong Trade Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson Agrarians Strict Constructionists Middle class & underprivileged Focus on frontier & strengthen democracy at home