Section 8-1: The Articles of Confederation

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Chapter 8 Study Guide Section 8-1: The Articles of Confederation 1. A is a set of basic principles and laws, usually in written form, that state the powers and duties of a government. 2. is a system of self-government in which people elect representatives to represent their interests. 3. refers to a type of government in which leaders must obey the law and no one has total power. 4. The term refers to the right to vote. 5. The was the first Constitution of the United States of America. 6. The term means official approval of a document, rule, or law. 7. The was a law that divided and organized unsettled government land after the American Revolution. 8. The organized the Northwest Territory and created a system for bringing new states into the Union. 9. The includes the modern-day states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Thoroughly answer the following questions: 10. What were the main sources of inspiration in creating new government(s) in the United States? Include existing documents of law and government, existing forms of government, and philosophical movements. 11. What kinds of rights were protected by early state constitutions? Include examples of personal rights, and rights to certain forms of government/political participation. 12. The Articles of Confederation created a weak central government. Why would this appeal to some people, but not to others?

2 13. What kinds of powers did the Confederation Congress have? What powers did it not have? 14. Describe the system for land surveying and division created by the Land Ordinance of How were new territories organized geographically, and how would land be divided within townships? 15. What institution did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ban in the territories and why would this become an issue in the future? Section 8-2: Problems in the New Nation 16. A generally refers to a tax on imports. 17. refers to trade between the various states in the United States. 18. may be interpreted as a rise in prices for goods and services, the reduced value of currency, or both. 19. are those who owe money to others. 20. are those to whom money is owed. 21. A is a period of low or reduced economic activity. 22. was a rebellion by Massachusetts farmers in protest of high property taxes in that state after the American Revolution. Thoroughly answer the following questions: 23. Describe how the Articles of Confederation left the United States weak militarily. How did other nations take advantage of this? 24. Describe how the Articles of Confederation left the United States weak economically. How did other nations take advantage of this?

3 25. & Describe two ways in which states would attempt to raise money to pay off debts, including both the method and its consequences. 26. How did Shay s Rebellion highlight the need for a new constitution? Section 8-3: The Constitution 27. The was a gathering of delegates from the various states in 1787 in order to revise the Articles of Confederation. 28., sometimes called the Father of the Constitution, proposed the Virginia Plan. 29. The proposed that Congressional representation be determined by a state s population. 30. The proposed that the New Jersey Plan. 31. The proposed that Congressional representation be equal for all the states. 32. The refers to the agreement which combined aspects of both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans. 33. The refers to the agreement that slaves would be counted as 3/5 s of a state s population when determining representation in the House of Representatives. 34. refers to the idea that political power ultimately rests with the people of a country. 35. is the idea that power should be shared between a national and state governments. 36. The branch of a government creates or makes laws. 37. The branch of a government enforces, executes, or carries out laws. 38. The branch of a government interprets and applies the law appropriately. 39. refers to powers each branch of government possesses that limit the powers of the other branches.

4 Thoroughly answer the following questions: 40. Describe the Virginia Plan in detail. Include: how many and which branches of government did it propose, what type of legislature did it call for and how was representation to be determined, and did this plan favor larger or smaller states? 41. Describe the New Jersey Plan in detail. Include: how many and which branches of government did it include, what type of legislature did it call for and how was representation to be determined, and did this plan favor larger or smaller states? 42. Explain what was included from both plans in the Great Compromise. Include: how many and which branches of government did it include, and what type of legislature did it include and how was representation to be determined? 43. Explain the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Fugitive Slave Clause, and the Slave Importation Clause. d) How would arguments over slavery foreshadow future events? d) 44. Explain the concept of checks and balances, and b-d) include at least three examples. d) 45. Describe the legislative branch of the federal government and its primary responsibility. What are the two houses or chambers of the legislative branch, and whom do they represent? How is representation determined for these legislative bodies?

5 46. Describe the executive branch of the federal government and its primary responsibility. Who is the head of the executive branch? What organizations help the executive branch carry out its duties? 47. Describe the judicial branch of the federal government and its duties. What or who is the head of the judicial branch? Section 8-4: Ratification of the Constitution 48. were those Founding Fathers against a strong central government. 49. were those Founding Fathers in favor of a strong central government. 50. was an outspoken Antifederalist from Virginia. 51. The were a series of essays written in order to convince people to support the new Constitution of 1787 and encourage its ratification. 52. The were a list of basic rights listed in the new Constitution. 53. Changes or additions to the Constitution are called. Thoroughly answer the following questions: 54. What issues did the Antifederalists have with the Constitution? What, in particular, did they feel the Constitution lacked? Who were some of the most important Antifederalists? 55. Who were the Federalists and what was their view on the Constitution? Who were some of the most important Federalists?

6 56. What were the Federalist Papers and what was their purpose? Who wrote the Federalist Papers? 57. Describe the ratification process. How many states ratifications were necessary to adopt the Constitution? What promise was made in order to convince some states to ratify? 58. Describe the Bill of Rights. What documents were consulted in its creation?