Learning Check. You CAN use your notes. You CAN NOT use your neighbor!

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Ronald Green
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1 Learning Check You CAN use your notes. You CAN NOT use your neighbor!

2 Constitution and Bill of Rights QC Standards B.1.i. Interpret the ideas and principles expressed in the U.S. Constitution B.1.j. Explain the development of the Bill of Rights, and assess various debates of the day Learning Targets U1T14 - I can compare/contrast the views of Federalists and Antifederalists U1T15 - I can identify the basic structure of the Constitution and principles/themes it includes. U1T16 - I can explain the addition of the Bill of Rights and describe its protections.

Introduction - lists 6 goals for American government: Form a more perfect Union Establish Justice Insure domestic tranquility (Peace) Provide for the common Defense Promote the general Welfare

3 Introduction - lists 6 goals for American government: Form a more perfect Union Establish Justice Insure domestic tranquility (Peace) Provide for the common Defense Promote the general Welfare Secure the Blessings of Liberty. 7 articles create 3 branches and describe how each will work. Changes made to the Constitution. First ten = Bill of Rights (1791); list individual freedoms and protections.

4 Principles of the Constitution (leave space beside each one) Popular Sovereignty. Separation of Powers. Checks & Balances. Limited Government. Federalism.

5 Basic Principles: Popular Sovereignty Power belongs to the people and government must be based on the consent of the governed. Expanded by amendments 15, 19, and 26 (gave the right to vote to non-whites, women, and 18 year olds)

6 Basic Principles: Separation of Powers 3 branches divide powers to: o make laws (congress/legislative) o manage laws (president/executive) o interpret laws (courts/judicial)

7 Basic Principles: Checks and Balances Each branch of government has some control over the others. Example: Congress passes laws and the President may veto those laws. In turn, Congress may refuse to provide funds the President requests for implementing programs.

8 Basic Principles: Limited Government Government does not hold all the power and that it does only those things that people allow it to do. Examples: Presidents can be impeached, representatives voted out of office, judges denied confirmation by the Senate.

9 Basic Principles: Federalism Power between the national level and the states is divided. o Federal (National) Power Only = Delegated Powers o State Power Only = Reserved Powers o Both Federal and State = Concurrent Powers

11 Ratification of the Constitution Even after the Constitution was written, 9 of 13 state legislatures still had to ratify (approve) the new law of the land. Rejection by any of the four most prominent states - MA, NY, PA, or VA would have doomed the Constitution

12 Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

13 Federalists Favored a strong nat l gov t they were for the Constitution. Wanted to limit state power Supporters = Large farmers, merchants, artisans Wrote the Federalists Papers (propaganda for the new Constitution) Anti-Federalists Opposed a strong nat l gov t they were against the Constitution. Strong support for local control Supporters = Small farmers, often from rural areas Demanded a Bill of Rights

14 Wealth 100% 80% 60% 40% Anti-Federalists Federalists 20% 0% Wealthy Upper Middle- Class Lower Middle- Class

15 Occupation 100% 80% 60% 40% Anti-Federalist Federalist 20% 0% Merchants, manufacturers, doctors, lawyers, ministers, large landholders Artisans, innkeepers, surveyors Farmers

Criticism of the Articles of Confederation Defense of

16 The Federalist Papers Essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay Blessings of national government Criticism of the Articles of Confederation Defense of the Constitution Analysis on the costs and benefits of freedom.

17 Ratification of the Constitution: Who Supports? Who Opposes? 1. This country should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and alien sovereignties [territories]. 2. The states should respectively have laws, courts, force, and revenues of their own sufficient for their own security; they ought to be fit to keep house alone if necessary. 3. One government... never can extend equal benefits to all parts of the United States. Different laws, customs, and opinions exist in the different states, which by a uniform system of laws would be unreasonable. 4. I am against inserting a declaration of rights in the Constitution... If such an addition is not dangerous, it is at least unnecessary. 5. A bill of rights... serves to secure the minority against the usurpation [takeover] and tyranny [cruelty] of the majority.

18 Do these artists support or oppose ratification of the Constitution?

19 Ratification of the Constitution Yes No 1 December 7, 1787 Delaware December 11, 1787 Pennsylvania December 18, 1787 New Jersey January 2, 1788 Georgia January 9, 1788 Connecticut February 6, 1788 Massachusetts April 26, 1788 Maryland May 23, 1788 South Carolina June 21, 1788 New Hampshire June 25, 1788 Virginia July 26, 1788 New York November 21, 1789 North Carolina May 29, 1790 Rhode Island 34 32

20 Bill of Rights The Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution 1 st 10 Amendments

22 Bill of Rights Headlines Use the dry erase marker to write the following numbers on your table. You will then sort the headlines provided by which amendment they relate to

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Part 1 Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Thoughts

Part 1 Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Thoughts Reading: By Jonathan Smith, Massachusetts Farmer There was a black cloud [Shays' Rebellion] that rose in the east last winter, and spread over the west...it