MAHESH TUTORIALS. (ii) In February 1917, a workers strike started in... (Leningrad, Petrograd, Moscow)

Transcription

1 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Test - II Paper - I Batch : SB Marks : 30 Date : HISTORY & CIVICS History : Ch. :,, 6 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. Q.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Karl Marx was a... Philosopher. (Russian, German, Polish) (ii) In February 97, a workers strike started in.... (Leningrad, Petrograd, Moscow) (iii) Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on... (5th March 97, 7th November 97, 7th November 97) (iv) The philosophy of... found its first concrete shape in the Russian Revolution of 97. (democracy, communism, capitalism) Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) Whom did Karl Marx call as the proletariate? Why? (ii) Why did the Nihilists flee from the country? Q.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) Leaders like Lenin were exiled by the Russian government. (ii) The democratic experiment in Russia failed. Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) Why is nd January 905 known the Bloody Sunday? (ii) Why did Bolsheviks declare that the provisional government led by Kerensky had been overthrown? 6

2 Paper - I Q.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) What were the consequences of the American War of Independence? (ii) What was the contribution of Lenin to Russian Revolution? Q.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) At the apex of the judicial system in India is the.... (High Court, Supreme Court, Subordinate Court) (ii) The maximum number of other judges in the Supreme Court is... (5, 7, 9) Q.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) What are the qualifications prescribed for Supreme Court Judges? (ii) What is Judicial review? (iii) What is the composition of the High Court? 6 Best of Luck

3 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Test - II Paper - I Batch : SB HISTORY & CIVICS Marks : 30 Date : History : Ch. :,, 6 ; Civics : Ch. 3 MODEL ANSWER PAPER Time : hr. A.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Karl Marx was a German Philosopher. (ii) In February 97, a workers strike started in Petrograd. (iii) Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on 5th March 97. (iv) The philosophy of communism found its first concrete shape in the Russian Revolution of 97. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Karl Marx along with Fredrick Engels published the famous pamphlet The Communist Manifesto in 88. ) The communist Philosophy was opposed to inequality and exploitation. It assumes that, at a given time there are two classes in the society the haves and the have-nots. 3) The former class monopolises all means of production, while the members of the latter class have none at all. This latter class mainly consists of workers and peasants. Karl Marx calls them as the Proletariate. ) The struggle between these two classes ultimately leads to the capture of power by the Proletariate. (ii) ) A group of thinkers in Russia called the Nihilists stood for absolute individualism. ) All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage, ethics etc. were the targets of Nihilist criticism. 3) They naturally incurred the wrath of the authorities. ) So many of the Nihilist either fled the country or began to work secretly. A.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Leaders like Lenin criticised the reactionary policies of the Tsarist regime. ) Their writings were marked by liberalism and humanism.

4 Paper - I 3) These very ideals invited the displeasure of the Tsarist regime. ) As the Tsarist regime was intolerant to criticism, leaders like Lenin were exiled. (ii) ) A persistant demand for a democratic administration finally led to formation of Duma (Russian parliament). ) The opening session of the first Duma was held on 0th of May 906. The first Duma lasted hardly for months and nothing significant came out of it. 3) The second Duma also met a similar fate. ) The third and longest Duma (907-9) too could not achieve anything substantial. So the democratic experiment in Russia failed. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) ) A number of workers led by Father Gapon tried to march to the royal palace in St.Petersberg on nd January, 905. ) They wanted to place their grievances before emperor. 3) However, the Tsar s soldiers attacked them. ) There was a bloodshed. 5) This event took place on Sunday the nd January, 905. So it is known as the Bloody Sunday. 6) Similar disturbances became common feature throughout the country. (ii) ) Kerensky s government was not acceptable to Russian masses. ) Russian workers formed their own Soviets and started agitation against the new government. 3) The Bolshevik leader, Lenin returned from his exile in Switzerland and used the opportunity. ) He began to reorganize the Soviets activities with the help of like minded leaders like Trotsky. 5) A struggle ensued between the two factions of the socialists viz. Mensheviks (moderates) under Kerensky and Bolsheviks (extremists) under Lenin. 6) On 7th November, 97, Lenin declared that provisional government led by Kerensky had been overthrown. A.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) The American War of Independence ended in the year 78. The issues involved in the war were settled by the Treaty of Paris in

5 Paper - I (ii) Thus, United States of America (U.S.A) came into existence. Following were the consequences of the war, ) Federal Structure : i) George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the 3 United States ii) A federal form of democratic government was introduced for the first time in the world. iii) In the course of time, 37 new states were added and today, the U.S.A. comprises of total 50 states. iv) This new political experiment has inspired many countries of the world. ) Establishment of set of rights : i) The American War of Independence also established a right to revolt against injustice and a right to freedom. ii) At many places, movements were launched to fight for the fundamental rights. 3) Written Constitution : i) An experiment of written constitution was immitated by many countries of the world. Lenin, the Bolshevik leader contributed greatly to Russian revolution. ) On his return from exile, he began to reorganize the activities of the Soviets with the help of Trotsky and other like minded leaders. ) With the support of Trotsky and like minded people he overthrew Kerensky s government in 97. 3) He signed an armistice with Germany ) He gave a slogan, a Bread for breadless, land for landless and peace for all 5) He strove hard to raise the standard of living, to bring prosperity and to establish social equality in Russia. 6) His government nationalised all means of production in order to quicken the pace of industrialization. 7) He introduced War Communism which had features like state control over Labour, state distribution of goods and moving away from money economy. 8) Later on, he launched the New Economic Policy (NEP) which was a partial return to market and monetary economy. It was a temporary compromise between capitalism and communism.

6 Paper - I Thus, Lenin dominated the second phase of Russian revolution. His death in January 9 paved the way for Stalin to become the Supreme leader of the communist Party. A.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) At the apex of the judicial system in India is the Supreme Court. (ii) The maximum number of other judges in the Supreme Court is 5. A.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) Following qualifications are prescribed for Supreme Court Judges : ) She/He must be a citizen of India. ) She/He should have been a High Court Judge for at least 5 years. OR She/He should have been a High Court advocate for 0 years. 3) She/He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President of India. (ii) ) The supreme court is the guardian of the constitution ) It does not allow the parliament or the executive to make any law that violates the provisions of the constitution. 3) Laws or actions against the constitution are declared unconstitutional by the supreme court ) The power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of laws and actions is known as judicial review. (iii) ) The High Court consists of one Chief Justice and other judges. ) The number of other judges differ from state. 3) There are at present 6 Judges in the High Court of Mumbai. (006) ) It has three benches at Aurangabad, Nagpur and Panaji.

7 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - II Test - II Batch : SB Marks : 30 Date : HISTORY & CIVICS History : Ch. :,, 6 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. Q.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Lenin s policies are collectively termed as.... (War Communism, NEP, Collective farming) (ii) Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on... (5th March 97, 7th November 97, 7th November 97) (iii)... was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. (Industrialistion, collective farming, capitalism) (iv) Russia was defeated by small Asian country... (Japan, Myanmar, Malaya) Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) Explain the principle of the communist philosophy. (ii) Why did Nihilists become strong critics of the society in Russia? Q.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) Workers unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. (ii) The democratic experiment in Russia failed. Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) How did the rise of Stalin take place in Russian Revolution? (ii) Write a short note about the programme of Bolsheviks. 6

8 Paper - II Q.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) Give an account of the American declaration of Independence. (ii) What was the contribution of the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks to the Russian revolution? Q.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) The chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by.... (President, Governor, Vice-President) (ii) Supreme Court judges retire at the age of.... (60, 65, 6) Q.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) Why are the decisions of the Supreme Court binding on all the other courts? (ii) Describe the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. (iii) Explain the Composition of the High Court. 6 Best of Luck

9 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - II Test - II Batch : SB HISTORY & CIVICS Marks : 30 Date : History : Ch. :,, 6 ; Civics : Ch. 3 MODEL ANSWER PAPER Time : hr. A.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Lenin s policies are collectively termed as War Communism. (ii) Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on 5th March 97. (iii) Collective farming was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. (iv) Russia was defeated by small Asian country Japan. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Karl Marx along with Fredrick Engels published the famous pamphlet The Communist Manifesto in 88. ) The communist philosophy was opposed to inequality and exploitation. It assumes that, at a given time there are two classes in the society the haves and the have-nots. 3) The former class monopolises all means of production, while the members of the latter class have none at all. This latter class mainly consists of workers and peasants. Karl Marx calls them as the Proletariate. ) The struggle between these two classes ultimately leads to the capture of power by the Proletariate. (ii) ) The Russian Emperors or Tsar were autocratic in nature. ) Popular demand for freedom of expression and a share in state administration was promptly put down. 3) These reactionary policies of the Tsarist regime led to feeling of bitterness in society. ) As the Nihilists stood for absolute individualism they became strong critics of society in Russia. A.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Industrial workers in Russia suffered from evils such as inadequate wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standards of living.

10 Paper - II ) The organised efforts of the workers to get their conditions improved always met with opposition by the Tsarist regime. 3) Worker s union therefore worked secretly. ) Such unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic Labour party in 898. (ii) ) A persistant demand for a democratic administration finally led to formation of Duma (Russian parliament). ) The opening session of the first Duma was held on 0th of May 906. The first Duma lasted hardly for months and nothing significant came out of it. 3) The second Duma also met a similar fate. ) The third and longest Duma (907-9) too could not achieve anything substantial. So the democratic experiment in Russia failed. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) ) Lenin died in January 9. Joseph Stalin was Lenin s early follower. ) He became the supreme leader of the communist party. 3) He was a man of action rather than a theorist. ) He realised that the prospects of world communism were fading so he tried to perpetuate socialism at least in one country (i.e in Russia) with great determination and ruthlessness. 5) Collective farming was a novel feature of his first Five Year Plan. 6) He used coercive method and millions of peasants were forced into Collective farming. In this way Stalin rose to power and strengthened Russia at the cost of liberty of the people. (ii) ) The programme of the Bolsheviks was as follows :- a) To end the war and make immediate peace. b) Confiscation of landed estates and giving power to the Soviets ) The Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky s provisional government. 3) Lenin gave a Slogan Bread for breadless, land for landless and peace for all. ) The Bolshevik government signed an armistice with Germany. 5) The work of national reconstruction was taken up in right earnest. 3 3

11 Paper - II A.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) Thomas Jefferson was the architect of the draft of the American Declaration of Independence. This declaration was drafted by him to unite the colonist people and agitate: The opening paragraphs of the declaration read : We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and pursuit of Happiness. To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it and to institute a new Government. These words mentioned by Thomas Jefferson united the people and encouraged them to fight against injustice. (ii) The Mensheviks (moderates) and the Bolsheviks (extremists) both played on important role in Russian revolution of 97. () Contribution of Mensheviks : i) Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne on 5th March 97 and a provisional government of the moderates under the leadership of Kerensky was formed. ii) This government consisted of landowners, capitalists, manufacturing and professional classes. iii) This government continued the war against Germany but heavily suffered at the hands of the enemy iv) The Menshevik government was unacceptable to the common people of Russia v) Workers all over the country formed their own Soviets on the model of Petrograd and started agitation against the new government. () Contribution of the Bolsheviks : i) The Bolshevik leader Lenin returned from exile in Switzerland to Russia in 97. ii) He began to reorganize the activities of the Soviets with the help of Trotsky and other like minded leaders. iii) The Bolsheviks overthrew the unpopular Kerensky s government on 7th November, 97. iv) The programme of the Bolsheviks was to end war, confiscation of landed estates and giving power to the Soviets.

12 Paper - II v) Lenin gave a Slogan, Bread for breadless, land for landless and peace for all. vi) The Bolshevik government signed an armistice with Germany. The work of national reconstruction was taken up in right earnest. Thus the contribution of Bolshevik was greater as compared to that of the Mensheviks. A.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) The chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by President. (ii) Supreme Court judges retire at the age of 65. A.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) ) Supreme Court of India is the apex court of Indian Judiciary. ) The Supreme Court of India is the highest Court of Record. 3) Its decisions are recorded and preserved. ) They assume the character of law. 5) The decisions of the Supreme Court cannot be challenged in any court. 6) Its decisions are final and binding on all other courts. (ii) Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is mainly concerned with the disputes between : ) the Union and one or more states. ) the Union and any state or states on one hand and one or more states on the other. 3) between states. (iii) The High Court consists of : ) One Chief Judge and other judges. ) The number of other judges differ from state to state. 3) There are at present 6 Judges in the High Court of Mumbai.

13 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - III Test - II Batch : SB Marks : 30 Date : HISTORY & CIVICS History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. Q.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i)... was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. (Industrialistion, collective farming, capitalism) (ii) The concept of... also has gained currency all over the world. (Welfare state, Industrialisation, Capitalism) (iii) Russia was ruled by... dynasty for over three centuries. (Romanov, Bourbon, Hanoverian) (iv) The provisional Government in Russia was led by... (Kerensky, Lenin, Trotsky) Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) Explain the principle of the communist philosophy. (ii) Why did the Nihilists flee from the country? Q.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian monarch and the worker and the peasants. (ii) Leaders like Lenin were exiled by the Russian government. Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) Why is nd January 905 known the Bloody Sunday? (ii) How did the rise of Stalin take place in Russian Revolution? 6

14 Paper - III Q.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) Give the causes of Russian Revolution. (ii) Give an account about the conditions in France before the revolution with the help of the points given below : (a) Social Conditions (b) The tax system (c) Third Estate. Q.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Supreme Court judges retire at the age of... (60, 65, 6) (ii) The jurisdiction of... High Court extends to Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai) Q.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) When is a Public Interest Litigation filed in court? (ii) Explain the ground for the removal of judges. (iii) What are the qualifications prescribed for Supreme Court Judges? 6 Best of Luck

15 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - III Test - II Batch : SB HISTORY & CIVICS Marks : 30 Date : History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. MODEL ANSWER PAPER A.. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : Collective farming was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. The concept of Welfare state also has gained currency all over the world. Russia was ruled by Romanov dynasty for over three centuries. The provisional Government in Russia was led by Kerensky. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Karl Marx along with Fredrick Engels published the famous pamphlet The Communist Manifesto in 88. ) The communist philosophy was opposed to inequality and exploitation. It assumes that, at a given time there are two classes in the society the haves and the have-nots. 3) The former class monopolises all means of production, while the members of the latter class have none at all. This latter class mainly consists of workers and peasants. Karl Marx calls them as the Proletariate. ) The struggle between these two classes ultimately leads to the capture of power by the Proletariate. (ii) ) A group of thinkers in Russia called the Nihilists stood for absolute individualism. ) All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage, ethics etc. were the targets of Nihilist criticism. 3) They naturally incurred the wrath of the authorities. ) So many of the Nihilist either fled the country or began to work secretly. A.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian monarch and the workers and the peasants. ) The autocratic Tsars generally followed an imperialist policy and were averse to encourage liberal ideas. Popular demands for freedom of expression and for a share in the state administration was promptly put down.

16 Paper - III ) Agriculture was backbone of the Russian economy which was in bad shape. The peasants clamoured for more lands, but the Tsar neglected. 3) The industrial workers in Russia suffered from evils such as inadequate wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standards of living. ) This simmering discontent led to a worker s strike in Petrograd in February 97 and established a popular government of representatives of workers and peasants in November 97. (ii) ) Leaders like Lenin criticised the reactionary policies of the Tsarist regime. ) Their writings were marked by liberalism and humanism. 3) These very ideals invited the displeasure of the Tsarist regime. ) As the Tsarist regime was intolerant to criticism, leaders like Lenin were exiled. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) ) A number of workers led by Father Gapon tried to march to the royal palace in St.Petersberg on nd January, 905. ) They wanted to place their grievances before emperor. 3) However, the Tsar s soldiers attacked them. ) There was a bloodshed. 5) This event took place on Sunday the nd January, 905. So it is known as the Bloody Sunday. 6) Similar disturbances became common feature throughout the country. (ii) ) Lenin died in January 9. Joseph Stalin was Lenin s early follower. ) He became the supreme leader of the communist party. 3) He was a man of action rather than a theorist. ) He realised that the prospects of world communism were fading so he tried to perpetuate socialism at least in one country (i.e in Russia) with great determination and ruthlessness. 5) Collective farming was a novel feature of his first Five Year Plan. 6) He used coercive method and millions of peasants were forced into Collective farming. In this way Stalin rose to power and strengthened Russia at the cost of liberty of the people. A.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) The communist philosophy of Karl Marx found its concrete shape in the Russian Revolution of 97. It was a struggle between the 3 3

17 Paper - III Russian emperor (Tsar) and his supporters on one side and the poor Russian workers and peasants on the other. Following were the main causes of Russian Revolution : () The Despotic rule in Russia : i) Russia was ruled by the Romanov dynasty for over three centuries. ii) The Emperor or the Tsars as they were called in Russia, were autocratic and followed an imperialist policy. iii) Being despotic in nature the Tsars were averse to encourage iv) liberal ideas. Popular demand for freedom of expression and for a share in the state administration was promptly put down. () The Rasputin factor : i) Tsar Nicholas II was inefficient. The Tsarina (queen) had full control on him. ii) Tsarina was under the spell of Rasputin, an impostor and a corrupt man. iii) All important appointments were subject to his approval which created anarchy in administration. (3) Nihilists and other intellectuals : i) A group of thinkers called Nihilists in Russia stood for absolute individualism. All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage ethics etc. were the targets of the Nihilist criticism. ii) Thinkers like Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Pushkin and Maxim Gorky upheld liberalism and humanism in their writings. () The condition of workers and other social classes : i) Agriculture was the backbone of Russian economy but was in a bad shape. The peasants clamoured for more land. ii) Industrial workers suffered from evils such as inadequate wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standard of living. iii) Russian soldiers were unhappy due to unsatisfactory iv) working conditions and corruption in military. The Jews, the Poles, the Finns and other minority communities in Russia were agitated with the Tsarist regime. (5) Military setbacks : i) Russia was defeated by a small Asian nation Japan in the Russo-Japanese war of 90. ii) This defeat was considered as a national insult by the Russians. iii) Defeat of Russian armies on the eastern front during the first Wolrd War also proved to be significant from the point of view of the Russian Revolution.

18 Paper - III (ii) (6) The Bloody Sunday : i) A number of workers led by Father Gapen tried to march to the royal palace in St.Petersberg. ii) They wanted to place their grievances before the emperor (Tsar). iii) However the Tsar s soldiers attacked them and there was a bloodshed. iv) This event took place on Sunday, the nd January, 905. Thus increasing discontent among the Russian masses against the age old dynasty led to outbreak of a historical revolution in Russia. The French revolution is regarded as the starting point of the history of the modern world. The conditions before the revolution can be explained under the following points : () Social conditions : i) French Society was divided into three classes the first, the second and the third estate in descending order. ii) The first estate consisted of higher order of priests and clergy. iii) Nobles and landlords were included in second estate. iv) These two classes together accounted for only % of the French population. v) The rest 96 % constituted the third estate. vi) The first two estates enjoyed political and economic privileges. vii) All political and military offices were also reserved for them on hereditary basis. viii) The judicial system was based on inequality. The codes of law differed from province to province. The principles of jurisprudence also differed from one social class to another. () Tax system in France : i) In France, the priests and nobles were exempted from payment of taxes. ii) Naturally the burden of taxes squarely fell on members of the third estate. iii) The common man had to suffer from forced labour, compulsory work of building roads for the feudal lords and payment of salt tax and tithe. (/0th of income paid to church.) (3) Third Estate : i) The third estate included merchants, lawyers, doctors, teachers, craftsmen, farmers and peasants. ii) They were the real architects of France s prosperity. iii) They were responsible for intellectual and cultural glory of France.

19 Paper - III iv) The food production of the country largely depended on them and yet they were treated insignificant. v) The French revolution was engineered by the members of the third estate. Due to the above reasons, discontent grew among the masses which expressed itself in the form of a powerful revolt in 789. A.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Supreme Court judges retire at the age of 65. (ii) The jurisdiction of Kolkata High Court extends to Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) ) Public Interest Litigation is a device available to the common masses to seek courts intervention in public matters. ) Poverty disability or socio-economic disadvantage need not become a barrier for people to move the court for justice. 3) A Public Interest Litigation can be filed in the Supreme Court or the High Court on various public issues ranging from environmental protection to child labour. ) Courts have been supporting the under privileged, the disabled and the powerless people, thereby, strengthening democracy in India. (ii) ) The President can remove a judge on the grounds of proved Misbehavior or Incapacity. ) The Parliament must pass a resolution to that effect with special majority. (iii) Following qualifications are prescribed for Supreme Court Judges : ) She/He must be a citizen of India. ) She/He should have been a High Court Judge for at least 5 years. OR She/He should have been a High Court advocate for 0 years. 3) She/He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President of India.

20 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - IV Test - II Batch : SB Marks : 30 Date : HISTORY & CIVICS History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. Q.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Karl Marx was a... Philosopher. (Russian, German, Polish) (ii) A number of workers led by Father Gapen tried to March to the royal palace in... (Moscow, Petrograd, St. Petersberg) (iii) Lenin with the help of... and others like minded leaders began to reorganize the Soviets activities. (Trotsky, Tolstoy, Gorky) (iv)... was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. (Industrialistion, collective farming, capitalism) Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) Explain the principle of the communist philosophy. (ii) Why did the Nihilists flee from the country? Q.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) Workers unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. (ii) The democratic experiment in Russia failed. Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) Why is nd January 905 known the Bloody Sunday? (ii) Write a short note about the programme of Bolsheviks. 6

21 Paper - IV Q.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) Give an account of the first and the second phase of Russian Revolution. (ii) What were the consequences of the American War of Independence? Q.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) The maximum number of other judges in the Supreme Court is... (5, 7, 9) (ii) The chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by... (President, Governor, Vice-President) Q.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) Describe the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. (ii) Where is the High court of Maharashtra situated and Where are its benches? (iii) When is a Public Interest Litigation filed in court? 6 Best of Luck

22 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - IV Test - II Batch : SB HISTORY & CIVICS Marks : 30 Date : History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. MODEL ANSWER PAPER A.. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : Karl Marx was a German Philosopher. A number of workers led by Father Gapen tried to March to the royal palace in St. Petersberg. Lenin with the help of Trotsky and others like minded leaders began to reorganize the Soviets activities. Collective farming was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Karl Marx along with Fredrick Engels published the famous pamphlet The Communist Manifesto in 88. ) The communist philosophy was opposed to inequality and exploitation. It assumes that, at a given time there are two classes in the society the haves and the have-nots. 3) The former class monopolises all means of production, while the members of the latter class have none at all. This latter class mainly consists of workers and peasants. Karl Marx calls them as the Proletariate. ) The struggle between these two classes ultimately leads to the capture of power by the Proletariate. (ii) ) A group of thinkers in Russia called the Nihilists stood for absolute individualism. ) All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage, ethics etc. were the targets of Nihilist criticism. 3) They naturally incurred the wrath of the authorities. ) So many of the Nihilist either fled the country or began to work secretly. A.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) Industrial workers in Russia suffered from evils such as inadequate wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standards of living.

23 Paper - IV ) The organised efforts of the workers to get their conditions improved always met with opposition by the Tsarist regime. 3) Worker s union therefore worked secretly. ) Such unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic Labour party in 898. (ii) ) A persistant demand for a democratic administration finally led to formation of Duma (Russian parliament). ) The opening session of the first Duma was held on 0th of May 906. The first Duma lasted hardly for months and nothing significant came out of it. 3) The second Duma also met a similar fate. ) The third and longest Duma (907-9) too could not achieve anything substantial. So the democratic experiment in Russia failed. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) ) A number of workers led by Father Gapon tried to march to the royal palace in St.Petersberg on nd January, 905. ) They wanted to place their grievances before emperor. 3) However, the Tsar s soldiers attacked them. ) There was a bloodshed. 5) This event took place on Sunday the nd January, 905. So it is known as the Bloody Sunday. 6) Similar disturbances became common feature throughout the country. (ii) ) The programme of the Bolsheviks was as follows : a) To end the war and make immediate peace. b) Confiscation of landed estates and giving power to the Soviets ) The Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky s provisional government. 3) Lenin gave a Slogan Bread for breadless, land for landless and peace for all. ) The Bolshevik government signed an armistice with Germany. 5) The work of national reconstruction was taken up in right earnest. A.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) The Russian Revolution was a struggle between the Russian emperor (Tsar) and his supporters on one side and the poor peasants and workers on the other. With the failure of democratic experiment in Russia began the historical Revolution. 3 3

24 Paper - IV (ii) () First phase of Revolution : i) The worker s strike in Petrograd was supported by the Tsarist soldiers. ii) This was a clear warning to the Tsar to give up resistance. iii) He abdicated the throne on 5 th March 97. This led to the formation of a provisional government headed by Menshevik leader Kerensky. This government comprised of land owners, capitalists, manufacturing and professional classes. iv) Kersensky s government continued war against Germany and suffered heavy defeat. v) The Russian masses found Kerensky s government unacceptable. Workers formed their own Soviets on the model of Petrograd and started agitation against the new government. () Second phase of Revolution : i) In April 97 the Bolshevik leader Lenin made his way from exile in Switzerland to Russia. Lenin s return was facilitated by the co-operation of the Germans so as to promote confusion and disorder in Russia. ii) Lenin, with the help of Trotsky and the other like minded leaders began to reorganize the activities of the Soviets on his arrival in Russia. iii) This led to struggle between the Menshevik (moderates) led by Kerensky and the Bolsheviks (communist) or the extremists led by Lenin. iv) The Bolsheviks declared, on 7th November97, that the provisional government led by Kerensky had been overthrown. v) The Bolshevik government then signed an armistice with Germany and took up the work of national reconstruction. Thus the Russian revolution was significant. The American War of Independence ended in the year 78. The issues involved in the war were settled by the Treaty of Paris in 783. Thus, United States of America (U.S.A) came into existence. Following were the consequences of the war, ) Federal Structure : i) George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the 3 United States ii) A federal form of democratic government was introduced for the first time in the world.

25 Paper - IV iii) In the course of time, 37 new states were added and today, the U.S.A. comprises of total 50 states. iv) This new political experiment has inspired many countries of the world. ) Establishment of set of rights : i) The American War of Independence also established a right to revolt against injustice and a right to freedom. ii) At many places, movements were launched to fight for the fundamental rights. 3) Written Constitution : i) An experiment of written constitution was immitated by many countries of the world. A.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) The maximum number of other judges in the Supreme Court is 5. (ii) The chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by President. A.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is mainly concerned with the disputes between : ) the Union and one or more states. ) the Union and any state or states on one hand and one or more states on the other. 3) between states. (ii) ) The High court of Maharashtra is at Mumbai. ) It has three benches at Nagpur, Aurangabad and Panaji (Goa). (iii) ) Public Interest Litigation is a device available to the common masses to seek courts intervention in public matters. ) Poverty disability or socio-economic disadvantage need not become a barrier for people to move the court for justice. 3) A Public Interest Litigation can be filed in the Supreme Court or the High Court on various public issues ranging from environmental protection to child labour. ) Courts have been supporting the under privileged, the disabled and the powerless people, thereby, strengthening democracy in India.

26 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - V Test - II Batch : SB Marks : 30 Date : HISTORY & CIVICS History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. Q.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Karl Marx was a... Philosopher.(Russian, German, Polish) (ii) Russia was ruled by... dynasty for over three centuries. (Romanov, Bourbon, Hanoverian) (iii) The... Duma was the longest Duma in Russia. (first, second, third) (iv)... was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. (Industrialistion, collective farming, capitalism) Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) Why did the Nihilists flee from the country? (ii) Which thinkers were responsible for the awakening in Russia? Q.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian monarch and the worker and the peasants. (ii) Leaders like Lenin were exiled by the Russian government. Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) Why did Bolsheviks declare that the provisional government led by Kerensky had been overthrown? (ii) How did the rise of Stalin take place in Russian Revolution? 6

27 Paper - V Q.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) Give the causes of Russian Revolution. (ii) What were the effects of the French revolution? Q.6. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) At the apex of the judicial system in India is the.... (High Court, Supreme Court, Subordinate Court) (ii) The chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by... (President, Governor, Vice-President) Q.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) What is the original jurisdiction? (ii) Explain the ground for the removal of judges. (iii) What is Judicial review? 6 Best of Luck

28 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - V Test - II Batch : SB HISTORY & CIVICS Marks : 30 Date : History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. MODEL ANSWER PAPER A.. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : Karl Marx was a German Philosopher. Russia was ruled by Romanov dynasty for over three centuries. The third Duma was the longest Duma in Russia. Collective farming was a novel feature of first Five Year Plan of Stalin. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) ) A group of thinkers in Russia called the Nihilists stood for absolute individualism. ) All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage, ethics etc. were the targets of Nihilist criticism. 3) They naturally incurred the wrath of the authorities. ) So many of the Nihilist either fled the country or began to work secretly. (ii) ) The thinkers responsible for awakening in Russia were Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Pushkin, Maxim Gorky and Lenin. ) These intellectuals became the strong critics of all kinds of restrictions imposed on the people by the Tsar. 3) Their writings were marked by liberalism and humanism. ) These very ideals invited the displeasure of the Tsarist regine. A.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian monarch and the workers and the peasants. ) The autocratic Tsars generally followed an imperialist policy and were averse to encourage liberal ideas. Popular demands for freedom of expression and for a share in the state administration was promptly put down. ) Agriculture was backbone of the Russian economy which was in bad shape. The peasants clamoured for more lands, but the Tsar neglected.

29 Paper - V 3) The industrial workers in Russia suffered from evils such as inadequate wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standards of living. ) This simmering discontent led to a worker s strike in Petrograd in February 97 and established a popular government of representatives of workers and peasants in November 97. (ii) ) Leaders like Lenin criticised the reactionary policies of the Tsarist regime. ) Their writings were marked by liberalism and humanism. 3) These very ideals invited the displeasure of the Tsarist regime. ) As the Tsarist regime was intolerant to criticism, leaders like Lenin were exiled. A.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) ) Kerensky s government was not acceptable to Russian masses. ) Russian workers formed their own Soviets and started agitation against the new government. 3) The Bolshevik leader, Lenin returned from his exile in Switzerland and used the opportunity. ) He began to reorganize the Soviets activities with the help of like minded leaders like Trotsky. 5) A struggle ensued between the two factions of the socialists viz. Mensheviks (moderates) under Kerensky and Bolsheviks (extremists) under Lenin. 6) On 7th November, 97, Lenin declared that provisional government led by Kerensky had been overthrown. (ii) ) Lenin died in January 9. Joseph Stalin was Lenin s early follower. ) He became the supreme leader of the communist party. 3) He was a man of action rather than a theorist. ) He realised that the prospects of world communism were fading so he tried to perpetuate socialism at least in one country (i.e in Russia) with great determination and ruthlessness. 5) Collective farming was a novel feature of his first Five Year Plan. 6) He used coercive method and millions of peasants were forced into Collective farming. In this way Stalin rose to power and strengthened Russia at the cost of liberty of the people. 3 3

30 Paper - V A.5. Answer the following questions in 80 to 00 words : (Any ) (i) The communist philosophy of Karl Marx found its concrete shape in the Russian Revolution of 97. It was a struggle between the Russian emperor (Tsar) and his supporters on one side and the poor Russian workers and peasants on the other. Following were the main causes of Russian Revolution : () The Despotic rule in Russia : i) Russia was ruled by the Romanov dynasty for over three centuries. ii) The Emperor or the Tsars as they were called in Russia, were autocratic and followed an imperialist policy. iii) Being despotic in nature the Tsars were averse to encourage liberal ideas. iv) Popular demand for freedom of expression and for a share in the state administration was promptly put down. () The Rasputin factor : i) Tsar Nicholas II was inefficient. The Tsarina (queen) had full control on him. ii) Tsarina was under the spell of Rasputin, an impostor and a corrupt man. iii) All important appointments were subject to his approval which created anarchy in administration. (3) Nihilists and other intellectuals : i) A group of thinkers called Nihilists in Russia stood for absolute individualism. All social institutions such as government, religion, marriage ethics etc. were the targets of the Nihilist criticism. ii) Thinkers like Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Pushkin and Maxim Gorky upheld liberalism and humanism in their writings. () The condition of workers and other social classes : i) Agriculture was the backbone of Russian economy but was in a bad shape. The peasants clamoured for more land. ii) Industrial workers suffered from evils such as inadequate wages, long hours of work, insecurity and low standard of living. iii) Russian soldiers were unhappy due to unsatisfactory working conditions and corruption in military. iv) The Jews, the Poles, the Finns and other minority communities in Russia were agitated with the Tsarist regime. (5) Military setbacks : i) Russia was defeated by a small Asian nation Japan in the Russo-Japanese war of 90.

31 Paper - V (ii) A.6. (i) (ii) ii) This defeat was considered as a national insult by the Russians. iii) Defeat of Russian armies on the eastern front during the first Wolrd War also proved to be significant from the point of view of the Russian Revolution. (6) The Bloody Sunday : i) A number of workers led by Father Gapen tried to march to the royal palace in St.Petersberg. ii) They wanted to place their grievances before the emperor (Tsar). iii) However the Tsar s soldiers attacked them and there was a bloodshed. iv) This event took place on Sunday, the nd January, 905. Thus increasing discontent among the Russian masses against the age old dynasty led to outbreak of a historical revolution in Russia. Apparently, it may seem that French revolution failed to achieve its objectives. It may be so as far as the short term objectives are concerned. () End of monarchy. i) The revolution ended the absolute monarchy in France. ii) Feudalism disappeared forever. iii) The principles of republicanism took roots in France. () People s revolt. i) The French revolution will always be remembered as a successful revolt of the people. ii) The principle of sovereignty of people as enshrined in it has become the foundation stone of social life in modern world. (3) Value structure for social life. i) It has established the axiom that a despotic rule is unethical. ii) The revolution has given the value structure of liberty, equality, fraternity, constitutionalism and democracy. () Inspiration to nations and societies. i) This revolution also inspired the nations held in servility and the societies in various chains. ii) The revolution had radically changed world psyche. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : At the apex of the judicial system in India is the Supreme Court. The chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by President.

32 Paper - V A.7. Answer the following questions in 5 to 30 words : (i) ) Original jurisdiction means the power of the court to hear and determine a dispute at the first instance. ) The Supreme Court has been given exclusive original jurisdiction to settle disputes between (a) the Union and one or more states. (b) the Union and any state or states on one hand and one or more states on the other. (c) between states. 3) Even the High Court has original jurisdiction, by which it can hear certain cases directly. For instance (a) Violation of Fundamental Rights. (b) Election petitions challenging the election of a Member of Parliament or State Legislature. (c) Cases involving important questions of interpretation of the constitution. (ii) ) The President can remove a judge on the grounds of proved Misbehavior or Incapacity. ) The Parliament must pass a resolution to that effect with special majority. (iii) ) The supreme court is the guardian of the constitution ) It does not allow the parliament or the executive to make any law that violates the provisions of the constitution. 3) Laws or actions against the constitution are declared unconstitutional by the supreme court ) The power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of laws and actions is known as judicial review.

33 S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Paper - VI Test - II Batch : SB Marks : 30 Date : HISTORY & CIVICS History : Ch. :,, 3 ; Civics : Ch. 3 Time : hr. Q.. Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets : (i) Russia was ruled by... dynasty for over three centuries. (Romanov, Bourbon, Hanoverian) (ii) The... experiment failed in Russia (Monarchial, militaristic, Democratic) (iii) Leaders like... were exiled by Russian government. (Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky) (iv) The concept of... also has gained currency all over the world. (Welfare state, Industrialisation, Capitalism) Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words : (i) Which thinkers were responsible for the awakening in Russia? (ii) Whom did Karl Marx call as the proletariate? Why? Q.3. Give reasons in 0 to 5 words : (i) The Russian Revolution presents a struggle between the Russian monarch and the worker and the peasants. (ii) Workers unions came together to form the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 50 words : (i) Write a short note about the programme of Bolsheviks. (ii) How did the rise of Stalin take place in Russian Revolution? 6