1992 Election. Vigorous campaign to stimulate the economy. Reform Welfare system Overhaul Health Care. President Bush along with Dan Quayle

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2 1992 Election Clinton nominated for the Democrat Party running mate Al Gore. Vigorous campaign to stimulate the economy. Reform Welfare system Overhaul Health Care President Bush along with Dan Quayle Emphasis on Family Values Leadership on Persian Gulf War

3 1992 Election 3 rd Party Ross Perot Billionaire Critical of the Federal deficit. Largest 3 rd party vote since Teddy Roosevelt with the Bull Moose Party Large voter turnout of about 55% of eligible voters Clinton Victory Janet Reno 1 st Female Attorney General Cabinet that resembles more of America in ethnicity

4 A False Start for Reform Overestimated his election to make liberal reform Looked to end a ban on Gays in the Military Don t Ask Don t Tell policy instead Health Care reform Appointed Wife Hillary Clinton to lead the way. Complicated plan never got going in Congress Deficit-reduction Bill had more success 1993 By 1998 was facing a federal budget surplus

5 Gun Violence Brady Bill- Gun control bill named after James Brady who was wounded in Reagan assassination attempt $30 Billion Anti-crime bill; ban on several assault weapons. Violence groups a concern (Militia Groups) Waco, Texas-Branch Davidian fundamentalist 1993 Oklahoma City bombing Lives Columbine High School in 1999 Killing 12 students and 1 teacher. Bowling for Columbine Michael Moore 2002 Million Mom March in 2000 on Washington D.C.

6 Politics of Distrust Newt Gengrich led the Republican Party offering voters a Contract for America All out assault on budget deficits Radical reduction in Welfare programs 1994 mid elections proved to be very successful for Republicans Every incumbent governor plus 11 new governors Senate seat plus 8 new seats Congressional Candidate plus 53 seats added

7 Republicans were able to restrict unfunded mandates. Welfare Reform Bill made cuts in welfare grants and required able bodied welfare recipients to find employment. Tight restrictions on welfare benefits for legal and illegal immigrants alike. Reflects tide of anti-immigration sentiment. Clinton reluctantly signed the bill. Some administration resigned over the move. Part of a move to accommodate the conservative mood in America.

8 Republicans may push too far Gengrich advocate idea of sending children of welfare families to live in orphanages. Federal Government shut down for several days over the budget plan in Tactics led to backlash to help Clinton Rebound for next election.

9 1996 Election Bob Dole for the Republican Party. Kansas senator with record during WWII. Clinton wins easily Healthy economy Balancing the Conservative issues Republicans would still control Congress

10 Clinton s 2 nd Term 1 st Democrat since FDR to be reelected Proposed modest legislative goals Affirmative Action- mend it, not end it. Would criticize attacks on Affirmative action but stopped short of reversing them Hopwood v. Texas NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement Free trade zone with Canada and Mexico Labor leaders concerned about loss of jobs to low wage Mexican workers.

11 WTO- World Trade Organization 1994, goal of free trade advocates since end of WWII. Concern over cost of human and environmental cost for globalization of trade. Protests in Seattle in Clinton taking much of blame. Concern of receiving improper funds from improper sources. Few would take issue because of big need for funding T.V. ads. McCain would be one who would 2000.

12 Problems Abroad Clinton seemed uncertain early when it came to foreign policy Somalia peacekeeping mission but more than a dozen U.S. military killed By 1994, left with accomplishing any clear goal Rwanda 1995 Ethnic violence between Hutu & Tutsi resulted in ½ million deaths. No intervention after Somalia fiasco. Haiti 1991; elected president is ousted by a military coup Refugees sought asylum in the U.S. finally respond with 20,000 troops to return Aristide in 1994.

13 China Policy Critical of Bush and how he handled China demonstrations in 1989 for not imposing sanctions. Clinton learned China s economic importance was too great. Began to seek improved trade relations. By 2000 China trade bill was passed making China a full fledged trading partner of the United States

14 Balkans-Ethnic conflict raged through Bosnia Finally committed troops to NATO in Milosevic unleashed new ethnic cleansing in 1999 in the region. U.S. launched an air war against the Serbia Milosevic was arrested in Middle East- Clinton meets with Israelis Prime Minister Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization leader Arafat. Agree in Principle to self rule Rabin assassinated and permanent settlement futile

15 Scandal & Impeachment Whitewater Real estate scandal in Arkansas before becoming President. Lewinsky Case Jan revealed that Clinton had a sexual affair with intern Monica Lewinsky. Lied under oath in another woman s lawsuit about the Lewinsky affair. Clinton eventually forced to admit to the affair Special Prosecutor Kenneth Star presented the House with charges of 11 possible grounds for impeachment related to Lewinsky.

16 Issue becomes is this a reason for impeachments. Some argue does not fit high crimes and misdemeanors Others argued perjury and obstruction were grave public issues and the rule of the law was at stake House Republicans had a reduced majority signaling that most did not view it as scandalous enough

17 Clinton Legacy Seeking to be a moderate reformer Patients bill of rights in health care improvement Protection of Wilderness Hiring additional 100,000 more teachers and 50,000 more police officers with budget surplus. Sought economic growth with sound appointments although most by global expansion. Seemed to consolidate Reagan-Bush revolution Good communicator pushing for social justice and racial harmony.

18 Bush vs. Gore Al Gore won nomination for the democratic party. Stiff personality was a turn off How to associate with Clinton s success in economy and distance himself from his scandals? George W. Bush won nomination for the Republican Party. Son of George H.W. Bush Restore dignity to the White House. Chose Dick Cheney as his VP, brings experience secretary of Defense.

19 Election of 2000 Narrow margin came down to Florida Required a recount by state law. 2 nd tally confirm Bush by slim margin Controversy where some ballots may not have been counted in some counties. Florida Supreme court ordered them to be hand counted. Case went to Supreme Court giving Bush the victory even then liberal minority of the supreme court ripped decision of majority. Fiasco although proves ability of Constitution to work through issue rather than military or force.

20 Bush Begins Withdrew support from international health programs where abortion was supported. Limited government research on Stem cell research that some scientist believed held keys to diseases such as Alzheimer s and Parkinson s. Repudiate Kyoto Treaty limiting Greenhouse gas emissions. Advocated new oil exploration in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Energy policies worked out with Several Giant oil companies behind closed doors.

21 Called for a 1.3 Trillion dollar tax cut. Budget surplus became the deficit reaching more than 400 billion in Polarizing policies reflect a deepened cultural chasm between Red and Blue politics.

22 Terrorism comes to America Sept. 11, planes crash into the World Trade Center 1 Plane into the Pentagon and another in a Pennsylvania field Attack blamed on terrorist Osama bin Laden and group called Al Qaeda. Associated with attacks on U.S navy vessel in Yemen And attacks on U.S. embassies in East Africa Was to be hidden in Afghanistan by the Taliban government.

23 Taliban refuses to hand over Osama Bin Laden Bush orders a massive military campaign against the Taliban. 3 months Taliban is overthrown but Bin Laden is not found. Also had the outset of a recession. Americans shunned air travel and vacations Anthrax fear in envelops shortly after without knowing who had done it. Fear of biological warfare

24 Congress passed the USA Patriot Act Permitted extensive telephone and surveillance Authorized the detention and deportation of immigrants suspected of terrorism Created Homeland Security, new Cabinet position. Justice Department rounded up hundred of immigrants and held them without habeas corpus Called for military tribunals where usual rules of evidence don t apply. Legal limbo in Guantanamo Cuba: Public Sharp division.

25 Offensive against Iraq In Jan Bush claimed Iraq, Iran, North Korea as the axis of evil. Menace to U.S. security. Bush accuses Iraq of wrongdoing with Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), oppressing own people, and supporting terrorist groups. Suggested a liberated Iraq might be a beacon of hope for democracy in the Middle East. Many skeptical including his Sec. of Defense Colin Powell. You break it you own it

26 Heavy majority in both houses passed resolution in Oct authorizing employment of armed forces. March 19, 2003 invasion of Iraq is launched. Iraq collapses immediately and in less than a month Baghdad falls. Saddam is discovered 9 months later, and eventually killed May 1, 2003 Mission Accomplished Bush announces major combat operations in Iraq have ended

27 Owning Iraq Iraq became an endless violent situation Iraqi factions jockeyed murderously for political position in post Saddam era. U.S troops repeatedly attacked More troops killed in occupation than invasion 15,000 Iraqi civilians. Abuses discovered in Abu Ghraib prison further inflamed anti American resentment June 28 th days early U.S. handed over political power yet limited sovereignty.

28 Country in Conflict Civil Liberties over USA Patriot Act and its administrator John Ashcroft. Anti war skeptics feeling misled by Iraq and WMD. Revelations in Corporations like Enron and Worldcom fed the disillusion of business communities. Affirmative action continued to agitate people as supreme court seemed split on positions

29 Bush Reelected Bush nominated again for Republicans Claim tax cuts into pockets of citizens No child left behind act in 2002 Passed a costly drug benefit for senior citizens Cast himself as a War President-decisive staring down terrorist threats John Kerry for Democrats Counted on his decorated Vietnam record His record with anti-vietnam campaign in the 1960 s prompt some attack from veteran groups Challenged to defend contradictory positions

30 Bush won a majority Won a majority of Democratic Catholic vote 43% of Latino vote Heavy majorities among evangelical Christian vote especially in the Bible belt. Election was a mandate for the conservative cause. Social Security changes Tax reforms Right leaning judges

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