CONTENTS. I: Introduction. II: Survey design. III: Details of survey team IV: ANNEXURES

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1 CONTENTS I: Introduction Table-1: The Background of the Assembly Election Table-2: Election Result Table-3: Survey Frame Table-4: Sample Profile: Census of India vs. Survey II: Survey design Selection of assembly constituency Selection of Polling Stations Selection of respondent Table-5: Questionnaire Design Table-6: Details of Training Workshop of Investigator Table-7: Data Collecting and Processing Details III: Details of survey team IV: ANNEXURES Annexure-1: Details of Survey Profile Annexure-2: Marginal of All the Questions Annexure-3: Vote Share by voters wrt gender, age, education, locality, religion and caste Annexure-4: Questionnaire Annexure-5: Code Book

2 I: INTRODUCTION The Mizoram state assembly elections were held in the 2 nd December The elections were conducted for 40 seats. The findings of CSDS survey reported here are based on a post-poll survey conducted in10 out of 40 assembly constituencies in Mizoram. The aim of the present post poll was to understand a disposition of the electorates which laid them to cast vote to particular party. Apart from that, it also helps to find and analyze the gap in electorates opinion after pre poll survey which usually provides a vague picture of the electorates frame of mind. Besides this, due to large sample size and wide coverage, it was decided to collect information on aspects linked with governance like development, socio-cultural, religious, and economic aspects, health, performance of the government and expectation from the next government. Table -1: Background of the Assembly election in Mizoram, 2008 Number of Assembly Constituencies(AC) 40 Number of seats for General Category 1 Number of seats reserved for Scheduled Caste -- Number of seats reserved for Scheduled Tribe 39 Number of Voters Voter turn out (%) 82 Source: Indian election statistics are available at the Election Commission of India s website: Table-2: Election Results Party Seats Contested Seats won Votes Share (percent) Indian National Conference (INC) Mizo National Front (MNF) Zoram Nationalist Party (ZNP) Mizoram People s Conference 16 2 (MZPC) Maraland Democratic Front Others * SourceIndian election statistics are available at the Election Commission of India s website: * Other party includes Janta Dal (United), Samajwadi Party, Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India (CPI (M)), Bahujan Samja Party(BSP), JNP, KRRS, KNDP, KCVP, USYP, Janta Dal United, Independent and Other. Table-3: Survey Frame Number of assembly constituencies surveyed 10 Number of polling station survey 39 Number of Respondents 668 Type of Survey Post poll Survey

3 Table-4: Sample Profile: Census of India vs. Survey Variables Mizoram* (percent) Survey (percent) Rural Urban Women Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Hindu 4 2 Christian Buddhist 8 5 Other** 1 2 *Census 2001, Mizoram ** Muslims, Jains and Sikhs

4 II: SURVEY DESIGN Selection of Assembly Constituency (AC): For the post poll survey, it was decided to cover almost one-fourth of the total assembly constituencies, that is, 10 assembly constituencies. Assembly constituencies were selected randomly using the probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. PPS method assures the same probability of larger as well as smaller sites. Probability Proportionate To Size (PPS) A list of all assembly constituencies were arranged in ascending order along with total number of electorates per assembly constituency then cumulative population of electorates was calculated. It was decided to conduct a survey in 10 assembly constituencies in the state out of the 40ACs. Thus, to arrive at sampling interval (SI) (or sampling constant), total population of electorates divided by10 (suppose total electorates of the state was 10, 00000, divided by 10 sampling interval becomes ). After that, a number less than calculated sampling interval is selected randomly i.e. between one and SI, in the column of cumulative population of electorates (suppose, randomly selected number was 10,000). This number is Random Start (RS). Random start is the first Assembly constituency. Calculate the following series: RS; RS+SI, RS+2SI; RS+3SI, and these numbers of calculated series were matched in the column cumulative population of electorates and thus, lead to random selection of the ACs. Selection of Polling Stations (PS): It was predefined to interview respondent from randomly selected four polling stations of each assembly constituency. In order to select the polling station from each AC, a comprehensive list of PS in each AC was prepared and the total number of polling stations were divided by four (a pre determined number from each AC) to arrive at the sampling constant or sampling interval. First Polling station was selected randomly which ought to be less than sampling constant thereafter, sampling constant was added to the randomly selected PS to arrive at the second PS. This process was repeated for the selection of next polling stations in an assembly constituency. It is how; different polling stations were selected in each assembly constituency. Selection of respondent: Thirty respondents were randomly selected from the voter list of each polling station. The reason for sample size was to circumvent clustering and it also has logistic and methodological concerns. For this, a list of voters at each polling station was obtained and the total number of voters (at each PS) was divided by thirty to arrive at sampling

5 constant 1.Sampling constant was added to the first respondent number to get next respondent and so on till selection of 30 respondent has completed. For the present household survey a structured interview schedule was used and fieldworkers were cautiously selected. Only those who have acquaintance with the region were selected and given training thereafter as it facilitate in improving interviewer performance and subsequently, of the whole survey. Table-5: Questionnaire Design 1. Language Designed English 2. Language Translated Mizo 3. Language Administered Mizo 4. Number of Variables Themes Respondent s Background Comparison on performance of previous and present government Performance of the MLAs Public opinion about the politics in the state. Religious belief Table-6 Details of Training Workshop of Investigator: 1. Date 30 th November- 1 st December, Venue Department of Political Science, Mizoram University 3. Number of Investigator Resource person(s) Dr. Lallian Chhunga, Political Science, Mizoram University Table-7: Data Collection and Processing Details 1. Date of Field work 3-7, December, Date of Data checking 8 December, Venue of Checking Centre for Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) 4. Date of Data Entry 9 December, Venue of Data Entry Centre for Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) 1 If there are 3000 respondents of a polling station, divide 3000 by 30 that will be equal to 100. Thus 100 is the sampling constant for sampling respondents for the survey. The first respondent should be less than 100 drawn from random number table. Thus, if 89 th voter is the first respondent selected then keep on adding 100, that is =189(second respondent), =289(third respondent) and so on till select 30 respondent

6 III: DETAILS OF SURVEY TEAM III. Details of Survey Team Sanjay Kumar of Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi directed the survey. The fieldwork for the survey was coordinated by Lallian Chhunga Lecturer, Political Science, and Mizoram University. The central team which designed, coordinated and analyzed the survey comprised, Yogendra Yadav, Praveen Rai, Dhananjai Joshi K.A.Q.A Hilal, Himanshu Bhattacharya, Kamchan Malhotra.

7 I: ANNEXURE-1 DETAILS OF SURVEY PROFILE Assembly Constituency Ac. No PS No No. of respondent Mamit Chalfilh Aizawl North-II Aizawl West-I Aizawl South-II Champhai North Tuikum Lunglei West Tuichawng Saiha

8 Source: CSDS Data Unit

9 II. ANNEXURE-2 MARGINAL OF ALL QUESTIONS Q1: While taking to people about the just concluded assembly elections, we find that some people were not able to vote. How about you, Were you able to vote or not? 1: Not able to vote 2: Able to vote Cumulativ Q1a: (If voted) whom did you vote for? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 96: Independent 97: Others 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ Q1b: (If voted) When did you finally make up your mind about who to vote for? 1: On the day of polling 2: A day or two before polling 3: During the campaign 4: After the campaign started 5: Before the campaign started 8: Can't say 9: NA Cumulativ

10 Q1c: (If voted) Did the election officer correctly put the mark on your finger? 1: Mark not found 2: Mark found 8: Could not check the mark 9: NA Cumulativ Q1d: (If voted) At the time of voting did the electoral officer ask any proof of your identity? 1: No 2: Yes 9: NA Cumulativ Q1e: (If yes in Q1d) What did you show for your proof? 1: Voters I card 2: Ration Card 5: Passport 6: Others 9: NA Cumulativ Q1f: (If voted) Would you say that the candidate you voted for was from the party you really wanted to vote, or would you say you voted for a party other than your first choice? 1: Voted for party first choice 2: Voted for party other than first choice 8: Can't say/no opinion 9: N.A. Frequency Percent Percent Cumulativ e Percent

11 Q1g: (If voted for party other than first choice) Which then was the party you would have voted for? 01: Congress (INC) 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 97: Others 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ Q1h: (If voted fpr party other than 1st choice) Some say that Party did'nt put a candidate in their constituency, Some say Party's candidate not of their liking and others say Did not vote for candidate as she/he would not win.which one applies for you? 1: Party did'nt put a candidate in their constituency 2: Party's candidate not of their liking 3: Did not vote for candidate as she/he would not win 8: Can't say/dk Frequency Percent Percent Cumulativ e Percent

12 Q1i: (If not Voted) What was the main reason due to which you could not vote in this election? 1: Out of station 2: Not well 3: Did not know I was a voter 4: No interest/did not feel like voting 5: Returned, for lack of identity proof 6: Somebody had already voted before I went to vote 7: did not vote out of fear 8: DK 9: NA Cumulativ Q2: Who would you prefer as the Chief Minister of Mizoram? 01: Pu Zoramthanga 02: La Thanhwala 03: Lalduhoma 04: Brig T Sailo 97: Others 98: Can't say/don't know 99: Refused to answer/blank Cumulativ Q3: Now I will ask you about the last Assembly Elections held in 2003? Were you able to cast your vote or not? 1: No 2: Yes 8: Don't remember 9: Not a voter then Cumulativ

13 Q3a: (If yes) Whom did you vote for in the Assembly Elections held in 2003? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 86: ZNP 87: ZKP 96: Independent 97: Others 98: Don't know 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ Q4: In deciding whom to vote, were you guided by any one? No Yes No opinion Cumulativ Q4a: (If yes) Whose advice did you value most? 1: Husband/Wife 2: Other family members 3: Members of caste-community 4: Religious leader 5: Friend/Neighbour 6: Colleague 8: No opinion 9: NA Cumulativ

14 Q5: Is your family attach with any political party? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ Q5a: (If yes) Which party? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 86: ZNP 96: Independent 97: Others 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ Q6: Now let us talk about the election campaign during this election. How much interested were you in the election campaign this time-a great deal, somewhat or not at all? 1: Not at all 2: Somewhat 3: Great deal 8: Can't say/d.k Cumulativ Q7(a): Did you attend election meetings? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ

15 Q7(b): Did you participate in processions/rallies? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ Q7(c): Did you participate in door-to-door canvassing? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ Q7(d): Did you contribute or collect money? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ Q7(e): Did you distribute election leaflets 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ Q8: During the election campaign was any candidate, party worker or party campaigner come to your house to ask for vote? 1: No 2: Yes 8: Don't remember Cumulativ

16 Q9a: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-party or candidate? 1: Party 2: Candidate 8: Can't say Cumulativ Q9b: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-party or leader? 1: Party 2: Leader 8: Can't say Cumulativ Q9c: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-work done by State govt. or Central Govt.? 1: State government 2: Central Government 8: Can't say Cumulativ Q9d: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-caste-community or Other issues? 1: Caste 2: Other 8: Can't say Cumulativ

17 Q10: What is your assessment of the work done by the MNF govt. in Mizoram during its last 5 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ Q11: What is your assessment of the work done by the UPA govt. led by Congress in Centre during its 4 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ Q12: What is your assessment of the work done by the MLA of your constituency during its last 5 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ Q13a: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule Development of Mizoram has improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ

18 Q13b: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule Supply of electricity has improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q13c: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the condition of roads have improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q13d: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of BJP government rule the Peace among common people have improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q14a: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the price rise has increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ

19 Q14b: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the corruption has increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q14c: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the employment opportunities have increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q14d: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the security of common people have increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q15: What is your assessment of the work done by the chief minister Zoramthanga during its last 5 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ

20 Q16: Hve you heard about the Mizo Accord of 1987? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ Q17: (If yes) Do you think it was wise decision, a mistake or a sellout? 1: Wise decision 2: Mistake 3: Sellout 8: No opinion 9: N.A. Cumulativ Q18a: The government of Mizoram should pursuade the Brus to leave the refugee camps of Tripura and return to Mizoram. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q18b: There should be a law banning the settiling of people from outside in Mizoram. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ

21 Q18c: Regional parities are much better than national parties for solving the problems of Mizoram. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q18d: The church should not play a role in the political affairs of the state. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ Q19: Whom did you vote for Lok Sabha Election 2004? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 84: MPC 96: Independent 97: Others 98: Don't know 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ

22 Q20: Some people say that the inner line permit for Non-Mizos should remain to protect the ethinic identity of the Mizos, while others say that itshould be lifted. What is your opinion? 1: Should remain 2: Should be lifted 8: D.K. Cumulativ Q22a: How often do you pray (puja,namaz)? 1: Never 2: Only festivals 3: Once in a week 4: Daily Cumulativ Q22b: How often do you visiting temple,mosque etc.? 1: Never 2: Only festivals 3: Once in a week 4: Daily Cumulativ Q23a: How often do you particapte in kathas, sangats etc... 1: Never 2: Once in a while 3: Occassionally 4: Regularly Cumulativ

23 Q23b: How often do you give donations for religious activities 1: Never 2: Once in a while 3: Occassionally 4: Regularly Cumulativ Q23c: How often do you keep fasts, rozas etc.. 1: Never 2: Once in a while 3: Occassionally 4: Regularly Cumulativ Q24: In an ordinary week, how regularly do you read newspaper-daily, 5-6 times in a week, 2-4 times a week, once or twice or never? 1: Daily 2: 5-6 times in a week 3: 2-4 times in a week 4: 1-2 days 5: Never 8: Can't say Cumulativ Q25: In an ordinary week, how regularly do you listen to news on radio-more than once a day, once a day, 5-6 times a week, 2-4 times a week, once or twice or never? 1: Daily 2: 5-6 times in a week 3: 2-4 times in a week 4: 1-2 days 5: Never 8: Can't say Cumulativ

24 Q26: In an ordinary week, how regularly do you watch news on TV-more than once a day, once a day, 5-6 times a week, 2-4 times a week, once or twice or never? 1: Daily 2: 5-6 times in a week 3: 2-4 times in a week 4: 1-2 days 5: Never 8: Can't say Cumulativ Q27: If the Lok Sabha/MP election will be held tomorrow, whom will you vote for? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 82: HPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 96: Independent 97: Others 98: Don't know 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ Q28: Do you think that the present MNF government in the state should be given another chance? No Yes No opinion Cumulativ

25 B1: Do you have voter identity card? 1: Yes I have 2: Photographed but did not get it 3: Have, but it has mistake 4: Do not have Had but lost it 9: No information Cumulativ : No 2: Yes B2: Do you have Ration card? Cumulativ B2a: (If yes) Which Ration card do you have? 1: A.P.L. (Black card) 2: B.P.L.(Red/Pink card) 3: Antodaya 4: White card 9: NA Cumulativ B3: Age Upto 25 yrs 26 to 35 yrs 36 to 45 yrs 46 to 55 yrs Above 55 yrs System Cumulativ

26 1: Male 2: Female B4: Gender Cumulativ B5: What is your marital status? 1: Married 2: Unmarried 3: Living with someone, but unmarried 4: Divorced/Separated 5: Widowed 9: NA Cumulativ B6: Label of Education (Respondent) 0: Non literate 1: Below Primary 2: Primary pass/middle fail 3: Middle pass/matric fail 4: Matric 5: College no-degree 6: Graduate 7: Post Graduate 8: Professional degrees 9: NA Cumulativ

27 B6a: Label of Education (Father) 0: Non literate 1: Below Primary 2: Primary pass/middle fail 3: Middle pass/matric fail 4: Matric 5: College no-degree 6: Graduate 7: Post Graduate 8: Professional degrees 9: NA Cumulativ B6a: Label of Education (Mother) 0: Non literate 1: Below Primary 2: Primary pass/middle fail 3: Middle pass/matric fail 4: Matric 5: College no-degree 6: Graduate 7: Post Graduate 8: Professional degrees 9: NA Cumulativ B7: Occupation(Respondent) Frequency Percent Percent Cumulative Percent 02: Engineers : Doctors : Lawyers : Accountants(with degree and working in good firm) 06: College/University teachers 07: Writers : Modern Artist : Other higher professional

28 10: Science and engineering technician 13: Medical Technician : School teachers : Nursery teachers : Other lower professionals 21: Elected officials (District) 22: Managers : Officials Class-I : Class-III Employee (Clerical) 27: Traditional clerks : Class IV employee : Other administrative, managerial and clerical workers 31: Medium businessmen : Small businessmen : Petty shopkeeper : Sales Executives : Salespersons : Shop Assistants : Other businessmen : Waiters : Barbers, beauticians : Chowkidars, caretakers : Sweepers, scavengers : Other service workers : Mechanics, machine tool operators, drivers 52: Jewellers : Tailors : Weavers : Carpenters : Other skilled workers : Potters : Rickshaw-pullars : Unskilled labourers : Other semi-skilled and unskilled workers 70: Owner-cultivators Acres 71: Owner-cultivators Acres 72: Owner-cultivators Acres 73: Owner-cultivators Acres 74: Owner-cultivators Acre 75: Tenant Cultivators acres Tenant Cultivators 0-5 acres

29 77: Plantation workers : Agricultural labourers : Other Agricultural Workers : House-wife/husband : Students not seeking employment 92: Employee seekers : Unemployed workers, non-workers 95: Other occupation : N.A B7a: Occupation(Main earner) Frequency Percent Percent Cumulativ e Percent 02: Engineers : Doctors : Lawyers : Accountants(with degree and working in good firm) 06: College/University teachers : Writers : Modern Artist : Other higher professional : Science and engineering technician 13: Medical Technician : School teachers : Nursery teachers : Folk and commercial artist : Other lower professionals : Elected officials (Central/State) 21: Elected officials (District) : Managers : Officials Class-I : Class-III Employee (Clerical) : Traditional clerks : Class IV employee : Other administrative, managerial and clerical workers 30: Big businessmen : Medium businessmen : Small businessmen : Petty shopkeeper : Sales Executives : Salespersons : Shop Assistants : Other businessmen : Barbers, beauticians : Chowkidars, caretakers : Sweepers, scavengers

30 49: Other service workers : Mechanics, machine tool operators, drivers 53: Tailors : Shoemakers : Blacksmiths : Carpenters : Other skilled workers : Potters : Stone-cutter and carvers : Rickshaw-pullars : Unskilled labourers : Other semi-skilled and unskilled workers 70: Owner-cultivators 20+ Acres : Owner-cultivators Acres 72: Owner-cultivators Acres 73: Owner-cultivators 1-5 Acres : Owner-cultivators 0-1 Acre : Tenant Cultivators. 5+ acres Tenant Cultivators 0-5 acres : Plantation workers : Agricultural labourers : Other Agricultural Workers : House-wife/husband : Employee seekers : Unemployed workers, nonworkers : Other occupation : N.A B8: Caste/Jati-biradari/Tribe name Frequency Percent Percent Cumulative Percent 02: Bhumihar : Sunar (Gold smith) 39: Other OBC : Other SCs : Mizo : Hmar : Pawi : Lakher : Paite : Chakma : Bru : Ralte : Mara : Othet STs : Other

31 Muslims 80: Sikhs : Upper Christians 89: Other christians 92: Buddhists : Other minorities 95: Hindu no caste 99: NA B8a: Caste group 1: Scheduled Caste(SC) 2: Scheduled Tribe(ST) 3: Other Backward Caste (OBC) 4: Others 9: N.A. Cumulativ B9: Religion 1: Hindu 2: Muslim 3: Christian 4: Sikh 5: Buddhist 8: Others Cumulativ B10: Area/Locality 1: Village 2: Town(Below 1 Lakh) 3: City (above 1 Lakh) Cumulativ

32 B11a: (If Town/City) Type of house 0: NA 1: House/Flat with 4 or more bedrooms 2: House/Flat with 3 or 4 Bedrooms 3: House/Flat with 3 bedrooms 4: House/flats with 2 pucca rooms (with kitchen) 5: House/Flat with 2 pucca rooms(without kitchen 6: House with 1 pucca rooms(with kitchen) 7: House with 1 pucca rooms(without kitchen 8: Mainly Kutcha house 9: Slum/JJ/Fully Kutcha Cumulativ B11b: (If Village), Type of House 0: NA 1: Pucca 2: Pucca-Kutcha 3: Kutcha 4: Hut Cumulativ

33 B12: Number of rooms in use in the household 1: One 2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five 6: Six 7: Seven 8: Eight 9: Nine and above Cumulativ B13: number of family member(adult) 0: Blank/NA 1: One 2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five 6: Six 7: Seven 8: Eight 9: Nine and above Cumulativ B13: number of family member(children) 0: Blank/NA 1: One 2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five 6: Six 7: Seven 9: Nine and above Cumulativ

34 0: No 1: Yes B14a: Car/Jeep/Van/Tractor Cumulativ : No 1: B/W 2: Colour B14b: Colour or B/W Television Cumulativ : No 1: Yes B14c: Scooter/Motorcycle/Mopet Cumulativ : No 1: Yes B14e: Electric fan/cooler Cumulativ : No 1: Yes B14f: Bicycle Cumulativ : No 1: Yes B14g: Radio/Transistor Cumulativ

35 0: No 1: Yes B14h: Pumping set Cumulativ : No 1: Yes B14i: Fridge Cumulativ B14j: Cow/Buffalow 0: Blank/NA 1: One 5: Five 9: Nine and above Cumulativ B15: monthly household income? Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent Percent

36

37 III: ANNEXURE-3: Vote Casted to different parties with respect to gender, age, education, locality, religion and caste in Mizoram assembly election, Post-poll Survey, 2008 Gender INC MNF ZNP MZPC Others* All Male Female Age Groups Upto 25 yrs yrs yrs yrs Above 55 yrs Education (Respondent) Non Literate Upto Primary Upto Matric College and above Locality Rural Urban Religion Christian Buddhist Others** Caste/Community Upper Castes Other Backward Castes Scheduled Castes Mizo Chakma Scheduled Tribes Others Source: CSDS Data Unit, Mizoram, Election Study, Post-poll 2008 Note: All figures in percent, Sample Size: 668 *Others includes, MDF, MPC, Independent Note: Those who did not cast vote and hold no opinion are excluded ** Others includes Hindu, Muslims, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Other Rural¹ includes village, having minimum 5000 population Urban² includes town (below one lakh), city (above one lakh) and Metropolitan (above 10 lakh)

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