LATIN AMERICA. Chapter 23

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "LATIN AMERICA. Chapter 23"

Transcription

1 LATIN AMERICA Chapter 23

2 Overview! Once we look at the commonalities of the region we will look at four countries: Mexico, Brazil, the largest; Argentina, the most European, and Cuba, the most radical.! These countries are similar to other countries that fought for their independence and have struggled economically and technologically.

3 Diversity Today! There are 33 countries in Latin America with about half a billion people. 1 of 3 is Brazilian. 1 of 5 is Mexican.! Most speak Spanish, Brazil speaks Portuguese. There are some native Indian languages still spoken in various parts of Latin America.! Most of Latin America is Catholic, close to 90%! There is a push/pull movement with the population.

4 Diversity Today! The population is being pulled to the cities for the lure of jobs.! They are being pushed out of the county side as agriculture work is diminishing.! By 2000, close to 3 of 4 people lived in the cities.! Brazil opened up large tract of land in the Amazon Basin to bring in people. This has created several problems.

5 Diversity Today! Life expectancy is 69 years. US is 77! Literacy rate for females is 85%. US is 99%! GNP per capita is $3,940. US is $29,080.! Latin American countries are in the middle. Lower than Western Europe and the United States, but higher than Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.! Latin America compares with Eastern Europe.

6 Technology, Industrialization, Elites! In the late 19 th century Latin America began to industrialize with investments from overseas. Britain was first, then after WWI the United States was the main investor in the region.! These investments paid for railways, mining, agriculture and ocean shipping to name a few.! One example was the closing of the pampas and turning the gauchos into hired hands.

7 Technology, Industrialization, Elites! The investments were made with profits in mind.! Most of the investments were in primary production. This is farming and mining. They were not looking for finished goods.! The Creole elites treated their countries for their own benefit. Control and patronage mattered. Money was not the main factor.! Some people felt that democracy was barbaric and that way of the elites was better.

8 Technology, Industrialization, Elites! Two groups were in conflict of the caudillos rule and that was businessmen and the army.! The businessmen wanted a stable government that would allow for growth, industrialization, better education and more independence from foreign investors.! Immigrants from Italy brought the idea of labor unions to Latin America and industrial development.

9 Technology, Industrialization, Elites! The other group was the army, most notable the junior officers. They were from middle-class urban families that have been exposed to modern technology, stable government. They also saw the importance of education.! In many areas these groups worked together to create reforms and were successful to a point. They failed in one area-land reform.

10 Technology, Industrialization, Elites! The reformers were urban people with no sympathy to the rural peasants.! In 1896 the revolt in Brazil raised the question can the changes that are happening in the economics and industry reach the peasants?

11 The Mexican Revolution ! 1910 saw an uprising against the dictator Porfirio Diaz. Under Diaz, Mexico had shown signs of advancement. They had mining, oil drilling, railways, and an increase in raw agricultural products.! The middle class elites had prospered. The urban working class and the rural peasant fared worse.! 95% of rural peasants owned no land.! 50% of Mexico was owned by foreign investors and 200 families.

12 The Mexican Revolution ! Several haciendas were over 11 million acres and sat idle. This was not well received.! Voting was limited. There was no plan of succession. Diaz continued to run for president. He jailed the challenger. Diaz wins but the rebellion had begun.! Diaz resigns and flees to Paris. Mexico enters into a civil war. Regional leaders fighting for control.! Many of the leaders were mestizos (people of mixed race and culture).

13 The Mexican Revolution ! The two most radical meszito leaders were Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. They advocated significant land reform. They attracted mixed groups of followers.! 1911, Zapata launched his Plan of Ayala, which called for the return of land to Indian pueblos.! His view was it was better to die on one s feet than to live on one s knees.! The revolution was becoming more radical and agrarian.

14 The Mexican Revolution ! With Diaz gone, Madero became president. He was later removed and assassinated. Next up was General Huerta. He tried to re-create the government of Diaz.! General Huerta was opposed by all the other leaders including the United States. Huerta was forced out in Carranza installed himself as provisional president, forcing out Villa and Zapata.

15 The Mexican Revolution ! Carranza convened a constituent assembly in 1917 to write a constitution. The constitution was to promise land reform and impose restrictions on foreign economic control.! The new constitution offered many protections for the Mexican worker and placed severe restrictions on the church. The constitution was also against foreigners.

16 The Mexican Revolution ! Carranza did not last long. He was deposed by Obregon, his military leader in 1920.! Obregon s first act was to distribute 3 million acres of land to the peasants. The act was seen as a good will gesture. Unfortunately there was no technical assistance offered, so productivity did not increase.! Obregon did include new groups in the government. This was good.

17 The Mexican Revolution ! Obregon was a patron of the arts. There were several artists that showed the struggle for all Mexicans.! Warfare did continue. Mostly between the factions and between the state and church.! Obregon was assassinated in Calles became president. Calles and the rest of the caudillos viewed the church as a rival for power.

18 The Mexican Revolution ! In the 1920 s the clericals went on strike, not performing services. The peasants sided with the church. The War of the Cristeros was the result and the government backed down. Calles and the government became more sensitive to the church.! 1928 saw the creation of the National Revolutionary Party which later became the Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI). This was a comprehensive party.

19 The Mexican Revolution ! Under President Cardenas, the PRI redistributed 45 million acres of land. He started a process that would redistribute 253 million acres by 1984.! Cardenas nationalized the oil industry in 1938.! Cardenas did offer compensation to the foreign investors. The United States did not intervene.! 1940 Cardenas retired from presidential politics. This helped stabilize the structure.

20 The Mexican Revolution ! The PRI envisioned a one party system that would include all major interest groups. The contest for power would take place within the group.! Can one party be the answer to everyone?

21 Post-Revolutionary Mexico! The Cardenas presidency was the last to attempt reforms on a nationwide scale.! 1946 saw Aleman become president and large business and agricultural groups have been in power ever since. By 1997 the PRI did lose control of the legislature.! 1958 women were given the right to vote.! Mexican economy was growing nicely due to oil. The price drops, the economy suffers.

22 Post-Revolutionary Mexico! Mexico turned to the US and the IMF for loans.! In 1994, NAFTA was enacted that was designed to create a free trade zone between Mexico, United States and Canada.! Mexico was left to compete against the industrialization of the US. The US was to compete against the low wages of the Mexican worker.! The growth has been from maquiladoras (assembly plants) The material is shipped to Mexico, assembled and then sent back to the US and elsewhere.

23 Ethnic Culture and Power! Maya Indians rose in armed conflict in 1994 leaving 45 dead. This incident questioned how the revolution united all people.! The Indians were very poor and were left out of the riches that the area produces. These Indians had resisted the Spanish. This was not the first time the Indians started to protest. The Indian Congress was organized in The Forces of National Liberation were clandestine.

24 Ethnic Culture and Power! The leader of the revolt in 1994 was Marcos.! The Maya s called themselves Zapatistas in honor of Zapata.! This revolt has created many tensions thorougout Mexico.

25 Markets, Military and Democracy! During the 1920 s the foreign exchange earnings of most countries was based on the export of raw materials. Usually, it was just one or two products.! The depression caused the market to drop 80%.! Argentina started a new economic policy called import substituting industrialization. ISI was a policy to diversify productivity and become more internally self-sufficient.

26 Markets, Military and Democracy! After WWII, some economies grew very well. Brazil s industry was at 9% and agriculture was at 4%. Venezuela had oil at 8.5% and agriculture at 4%.! The ISI was not working. Latin America was not becoming self-sufficient. The profits were not reaching the rural workers.! Workers and peasants protested. Governments responded with violence.

27 Markets, Military and Democracy! The military was used to intervene and restore order. By their social background and training, the military favored technological modernization and social order.! When interest groups sought modernization they did not think about the needs of the workers and peasants. The workers and peasants did not think about the costs associated with their demands.

28 Brazil! 1930 saw a military revolution were Getulio Vargas came into power.! The economy suffered with the crash of the coffee market. Vargas strengthened the economy at the states expense. There were several revolts that Vargas stopped.! Estado Novo, the new state was the slogan for Vargas.

29 Brazil! Vargas had Brazil move into other industries. He started developing mining, oil, steel, chemicals, electricity, cars and airplanes.! Vargas was getting money from both the US and Germany when they were ready for WWII.! Business leaders and the military supported Vargas. He knew that he needed the urban labor behind him. He created the Ministry of Labor.

30 Brazil! Vargas organized the Brazilian Labor Party. Created a minimum wage, 48 hr work week, vacations, child care among others. The problem was that the reforms did not reach the peasants.! The army was afraid of Vargas and had him deposed in New constitution enacted, elections every five years. Literacy test required for voting. Literacy increases.! Women suffrage in 1932.

31 Brazil! In 1950 Vargas was re-elected with the support of many different interest groups. This was the problem. He could not make them all happy. Some wanted ties with the US others did not. Some wanted higher wages, others wanted them capped. In 1954, Vargas was unable to deal with the issues and killed himself.! 1961 saw a former Vargas man, Goulart take over. He tried to play the game, but it was not working.

32 Brazil! Goulart moved to the left. He nationalized the oil industry, allowed the Communist party.! The army deposed him and remained in power for the next 20 years.! By 1968 Brazil was in the midst of recovery. Oil was the key to the economic increase.! The rich did very well and the poor not so well.! Debt and inflation skyrocketed.

33 Brazil! Brazil returned to civilian rule and it do provide the results. Corruption was widespread. Cardoso tried globalization and it worked to some degree. Inflation and unemployment dropped, but in 1999 the currency was devalued and the economy fell. The gap between wealthy and poor was large. Cardoso said we are not underdeveloped, we are unjust.

34 Argentina! % of Buenos Aires population was foreign born. Wheat and beef dominated the economy. Industry was small and growing.! The depression hit Argentina hard. With food exports falling, Argentina felt the depression more than any other Latin America country.! Politics had been split between the urban industrialists and the rich landlords.

35 Argentina! A military coup in 1930 brought forth the ICI plan. Industry was on the rise. During the war, industry grew. Each time industry grew the estate owners became more suspect.! 1943 saw another coup with Juan Peron taking office. He based his power on the urban working class. Peron was jailed and workers in Argentina united for his release.! Peron campaigned with the descamisados.

36 Argentina! With Peron in office he set forth to bring the country together. He promoted populism and nationalism. He also asked the nation to serve the worker.! Peron nationalized foreign owned companies. Paid off debts, gave concessions to the workers and crushed independent labor unions.! His wife, Evita was just as controversial. She related to the masses. Won equal rights for women, including the vote in 1947.

37 Argentina! Evita s death in 1952 from cancer hurt Peron. The clashes of interest groups grew and forced Peron out of office in He remained very popular and won election in 1973.! Peron died in 1974, his new wife took over till she was ousted in a military coup in 1976.! The military government was supported by the United States.

38 Argentina! People began disappearing. Some 10,000. In the Plaza de Mayo, mothers would gather with pictures of their missing family members. US President Carter ended military funding and the disappearances dropped off. Reagan brought back the funding and the disappearances rose.! 1983 the military fell. Economy was in the tank. Mass protests, defeated by the British in the Falklands, they are still in recovery.

39 US Policies in Latin America! Latin America has kept the US policies for the region on the front burner. The Monroe Doctrine in 1832 declared the Americas off limits for the militaries of Europe. Britain agreed.! It was not the Europeans that intervened in Latin America, it was the United States.! The Texas war of independence, Mexican-American war, Spanish-American war. The US was busy in the region.

40 US Policies in Latin America! 1903, had Panama secede from Columbia and then built the Panama Canal.! The US spent close to 40% of all foreign investment in Latin America.! Between 1898 and 1934 the US sent troops to Latin America more than 30 times.! T. Roosevelt proclaimed that the US was a police power in the internal affairs of Latin America.

41 US Policies in Latin America! The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify military intervention to collect debts.! Good neighbor policy in This limited US intervention in Latin America. Put to the test in 1938 with Mexican president Cardenas.! After WWII, the US and Latin America began to normalize relations. Organization of American States was the first step.

42 Nicaragua! In 1909, the US urged revolt in the country and sent Marines that stayed till 1933.! One Nicaraguan officer, Sandino, rejected American hegemony and fought a guerilla war.! Sandino was deceived and killed by officers under Somoza Garcia.! Garcia took over the government with the backing of the US.

43 Nicaragua! Conditions under Somoza were horrible, a movement led by students started. The movement called themselves the Sandinista Front for National Liberation named after Sandino.! In 1979 the Sandinistas gained control. When all was said and done some 50,000 were killed.! Reagan overturned the policies put in place by Carter. The US backed a group called the contras.

44 Nicaragua! The contras were supplied and trained by the CIA. The CIA had funds cut by Congress but then funneled money to the contras by selling arms to Iran.! From 1981 to 1990 some 60,000 were killed. Since 1990 the country has had democratically elected governments and relations with the US has normalized.

45 Guatemala! If a Latin American country was against the US they were labeled communists.! A free, open election elected Colonel Arbenz in One of his first acts was to nationalize 400,000 acres of the United Fruit Company. UFC was owned by US citizens.! Arbenz wanted to free his country from reliance on others. This did not go over to well. He sought military assistance from the US, they said no.

46 Guatemala! Arbenz went to Poland, then being supplied by the Russians.! An armed group outfitted by the US toppled the Arbenz government. Carlos Armas took over.! Armas undid the nationalization that Arbenz did. Armas jailed and oppressed those who disagreed with him. Armas was assassinated in 57.! Civil war followed. 100,000 died. Resolution was reached in the 90 s. US apologized for their support of certain groups during the civil war.

47 Chile! Eduardo Frei lead Chile from 1964 to He had good relations with the US, offered compensation to nationalized companies.! In 1970 the moved to a more radical stance and elected Salvador Allende, this was opposed by the US and other transnational companies.! Allende nationalized mining interests, increased salaries and other social programs.

48 Chile! Allende found this difficult. To increase the programs, one must find a way to pay for it. The US sharply cut their aid to the country.! The CIA wanted to overthrow Allende. They supported the opposition.! The middle class and women urged the military to act. They did and killed Allende in 1973.! General Pinochet headed the new government and killed or detained the supporters of Allende.

49 Chile! Pinochet was feared and hated but did restore the economy. In 1988, the opposition won and the country returned to democracy.! Pinochet was tried for crimes and was ordered to Spain. Pinochet was in Britain at the time and Britain would not send him to Spain due to health but did send him back to Chile.

50 Panama! 1878 a French company with the agreement of Colombia, began to build a canal across Panama. The US agreed to pay the fee but Colombia refused. In 1903 the US urged a revolt for Panama independence and used warships to block the Colombian army from reaching the battle. 12 days later the US had an agreement for the canal.

51 Panama! In 1989, President General Noriega suspended an election and was charged with drug trafficking by the US. Four days of fighting resulted in several hundred deaths and property damage, democracy was resulted.! In 1977, President Carter reached an agreement to give back the canal in The canal is operated by the Panamanians.

52 Cuba! In 1952 Fidel Castro sued that Batista s government was unconstitutional. His case was tossed out and he headed to the mountains.! July 26, 1953 Castro attacked the Moncada and was defeated. While in prison, he created a six point plan.! Castro claimed that funding was available by ending graft and scaling military expenditures.

53 Cuba! 1959 Castro captured Havana and declared a new government for Cuba.! Castro reached out the US first but then turned to the Soviet Union.! In 1961 Castro announced his allegiance to Marxism-Leninism. From that time forward Cuba was reliant upon the Soviets.! He devoted money and energies to health, education and cultural activities.

54 Cuba! Life expectancy increased, doctors increased, nurses increased, literacy rates increased, books published increased. Living conditions increased. One problem is the elites fled for the US.! Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis happened between Cuba and the US.! Cuba did send troops overseas in conflicts in Ethiopia and Angola.

55 Cuba! Many extol the achievements of the revolution, others argue that it did not reach the goals that were set forth.! The US trade embargo hurt Cuba more than they would like to admit. The collapse of the Soviet Union cost Cuba billions of dollars in aid. Production has dropped but by the late 1990 s there are signs of recovery.

56 Current Issues and Trends! By 2000 most countries in Latin America were democratic.! Most countries are increasing industry using oil has the base. They are suspect to the World Bank and the IMF. The institutions loan money with strings attached.! NAFTA was created in CAFTA was created in 2004.! Drugs are problem for many countries in the region.

57 Current Issues and Trends! Another problem for cities in the region is pollution, pesticide, insectidice use.! Trans-Amazon highway opened up the Amazon rainforest. Soil is unsuitable for agriculture. People stayed in the area.! People have criticized Brazil for cutting the forest, they respond that the US cut down their forests for development. Brazil asks for assistance to stop the cutting.

58 Current Issues and Trends! The conflict with the Amerindians and the Europeans has been going on for a long time.! Rigoberta Menchu wrote a book about the plight of Amerindians in Guatemala. An anthropologist named David Stoll challenged her reports.! The church has played a large role in the lives of many Archbishop Romero was assassinated. He stated that the church can be justified in insurrection.

59 Current Issues and Trends! Church focused on the poor.! 1970 s saw liberation theology took hold. This identified with the teachings of Jesus and his work with the poor. The church would challenge local leaders to make changes.! Evangelical Protestantism is gaining ground in Latin America.

60 Current Issues and Trends! Exploding growth in cities has created slums. The people squat and build homes out of whatever they can find.! Finding jobs has become a do-it-yourself project.

The Mexican Revolution TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT)

The Mexican Revolution TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) The Mexican Revolution TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) Unlike much of Africa & India that had to wait until after WWII for independence, most of Latin America became independent in the early 1800s.

More information

OAS is formed. Castro wins Cuba. Argentina gets democracy

OAS is formed. Castro wins Cuba. Argentina gets democracy Chapter 37 Latin America. (1945-Present). (1) Forces Shaping Modern Latin America. (2) Latin America: the United States, and the World. (3) Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. (4) Focus on Argentina

More information

23 LATIN AMERICA s THE SEARCH FOR AN INTERNATIONAL POLICY ON ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY AND A DOMESTIC POLICY ON ETHNICITY AND CULTURE

23 LATIN AMERICA s THE SEARCH FOR AN INTERNATIONAL POLICY ON ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY AND A DOMESTIC POLICY ON ETHNICITY AND CULTURE 23 LATIN AMERICA 1870 1990s COMMENTARY THE SEARCH FOR AN INTERNATIONAL POLICY ON ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY AND A DOMESTIC POLICY ON ETHNICITY AND CULTURE The final chapter focuses on the nations of Latin

More information

MEXICO. Part 1: The Making of the Modern State

MEXICO. Part 1: The Making of the Modern State MEXICO Part 1: The Making of the Modern State Why Study Mexico? History of Revolution, One-Party Dominance, Authoritarianism But has ended one-party rule, democratized, and is now considered a newly industrializing

More information

Revolutions in Latin America (19c - Early 20c) Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Ms. Lisbeth Rath Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Revolutions in Latin America (19c - Early 20c) Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Ms. Lisbeth Rath Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Revolutions in Latin America (19c - Early 20c) Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Ms. Lisbeth Rath Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY European Empires: 1660s 16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe 4. Preoccupation of Spain

More information

The Industrial Revolution and Latin America

The Industrial Revolution and Latin America The Industrial Revolution and Latin America AP WORLD HISTORY NOTES CHAPTER 17 (1750-1914) After Independence in Latin America Decimated populations Flooded or closed silver mines Diminished herds of livestock

More information

New American Diplomacy. Chapter 5 Section 3 US History (EOC)

New American Diplomacy. Chapter 5 Section 3 US History (EOC) New American Diplomacy Chapter 5 Section 3 US History (EOC) Roxanna Ford 2014 What s the Main Idea? The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution added to America s military and

More information

10 year civil war ( ), U.S. concerns owned 20% of the nation s territory. individual rights), and also influenced by the outbreak of WWI

10 year civil war ( ), U.S. concerns owned 20% of the nation s territory. individual rights), and also influenced by the outbreak of WWI MEXICAN REVOLUTION 10 year civil war (1910-1920), U.S. concerns owned 20% of the nation s territory. Caused primarily by internal forces (growing nationalist resentment and individual rights), and also

More information

Pre-Revolutionary & Revolutionary Mexico

Pre-Revolutionary & Revolutionary Mexico Pre-Revolutionary & Revolutionary Mexico Colonial Mexico For millenia (since 1200 B.C.E. at the latest) Mesoamerica, and what we now call Mexico, was populated by a mix of Mayan peoples, Toltecs, and Aztecs

More information

SS6 Unit 1: Latin America. Summative Assessment Review

SS6 Unit 1: Latin America. Summative Assessment Review SS6 Unit 1: Latin America Summative Assessment Review 1. Which is found near the 1 on the map? a. Panama Canal b. Atacama Desert c. Andes Mountains d. Sierra Madre Mountains 2. Which number on the map

More information

MEXICO. Government and Political Culture

MEXICO. Government and Political Culture MEXICO Government and Political Culture Historical Background Spanish Colony Hernan Cortes effects on culture, religion, ethnic cleavages, economy, demographics,mestizos Independence Movement led by Father

More information

Unit 11 Part 1-Spanish American War

Unit 11 Part 1-Spanish American War Unit 11 Part 1-Spanish American War 1 Imperialism & Expansion CH 14-1 Imperialism & War Name Reasons why the United States becomes an imperialist nation. 1-New Markets 2-Anglo-Saxonism 3-Modern Navy 4-Into

More information

The Mexican Revolution. Civil War

The Mexican Revolution. Civil War The Mexican Revolution Civil War The War of North American Intervention (Mexican-American War) Antonio Lopez Santa Ana was President of 11 different governments Kept central government weak and taxes low

More information

Work Period: Latin America and China Foreign policies Notes President Chart Activity

Work Period: Latin America and China Foreign policies Notes President Chart Activity USHC 5.0 DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEVELOPMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER IN THE 20 TH CENTURY Opening: Complete pages 185-188 in

More information

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present World History (Survey) Chapter 33: Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Section 1: Two Superpowers Face Off The United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II. In February

More information

Latin America in the 19th and 20th Centuries

Latin America in the 19th and 20th Centuries Latin America in the 19th and 20th Centuries Prior to the 20th Century In the 1700s Spanish power was starting to decline. Creoles(criollos) began to question the policies of Spain and Portugal. However,

More information

Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez

Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez 1 Topics Review: Positivism Participation Assignment #3 U.S. Foreign Policy In Latin America Early 20 th Century Revolutions in Latin America

More information

Chapter 28 Transformations Around the Globe

Chapter 28 Transformations Around the Globe Chapter 28 Transformations Around the Globe 28-1 28-1 China Tea-Opium addiction Opium War 1839 Hong Kong Outlet to the world! Over Population Taiping Rebellion 1850s Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace Civil

More information

throughout the US? Around the world? Why or why not.

throughout the US? Around the world? Why or why not. 1. Tell what at least three of the symbols you see on this flag represent. 2. Do you think these three symbols would be recognized throughout the US? Around the world? Why or why not. 3. Why would this

More information

Notes on Central America to Seeking Justice Program Pete Bohmer, 10/3/02

Notes on Central America to Seeking Justice Program Pete Bohmer, 10/3/02 Notes on Central America to Seeking Justice Program Pete Bohmer, 10/3/02 Central America I. Demographics of Central America (approximate) for 1998 to 2000 Population (millions) Area 000 s sq. miles Economy

More information

Chapter 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction Into the 21 st Century

Chapter 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction Into the 21 st Century Chapter 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction Into the 21 st Century I. Introduction a. General Augusto Pinochet 1. Former commander of Chilean army brought up on crimes against humanity a. Seized

More information

China Resists Outside Influence

China Resists Outside Influence Name CHAPTER 28 Section 1 (pages 805 809) China Resists Outside Influence BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about imperialism in Asia. In this section, you will see how China dealt with foreign

More information

Chapter 25. Revolution and Independence in Latin America

Chapter 25. Revolution and Independence in Latin America Chapter 25 Revolution and Independence in Latin America Goals of Revolutionary Movements Develop representative governments Gain economic freedom (individual and National) Establish individual rights

More information

MEXICO. Part 1: The Making of the Modern State

MEXICO. Part 1: The Making of the Modern State MEXICO Part 1: The Making of the Modern State Why Study Mexico? History of Revolution, One-Party Dominance, Authoritarianism But has ended one-party rule, democratized, and is now considered a newly industrializing

More information

Chapter 12: Transformations Around the Globe,

Chapter 12: Transformations Around the Globe, Chapter 12: Transformations Around the Globe, 1800 1914 China and Japan respond differently to the European powers. The United States influences Latin America, and Mexico undergoes a revolution. Theodore

More information

Argentina, & Brazil TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT)

Argentina, & Brazil TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) Argentina, & Brazil TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) ARGENTINA Amongst the all the nations of Latin America Argentina perhaps came closest to resembling the United States at the start of the 20

More information

MEXICO. Government and Political Culture

MEXICO. Government and Political Culture MEXICO Government and Political Culture How did Colonialism affect the cultural and political development of Mexico? Hernan Cortes Culture Religion Demographics Mestizos Economics Ethnic cleavages Historical

More information

Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez

Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez 1 Topics Review: Early 20 th Century Revolutions in Latin America Quiz 3 The Great Depression World War II 2 The Downfall of Diaz 1900 Regeneracion,

More information

Mexican Revolution Notes

Mexican Revolution Notes Mexican Revolution Notes Monday, April 23, 2012 11:07 AM Rebellion Against Madera The Zapatista's led revolts calling for restoration of lands to rural villages Revolts spread through Morelos, Guerrero,

More information

Growing Pains in the Americas THE EUROPEAN MOMENT ( )

Growing Pains in the Americas THE EUROPEAN MOMENT ( ) Growing Pains in the Americas THE EUROPEAN MOMENT (1750 1900) Or we could call today s notes: The history of the Western Hemisphere in the 19 th century as they face problems keeping order and confront

More information

4. Analyse the effects of the Mexican American War ( ) on the region.

4. Analyse the effects of the Mexican American War ( ) on the region. Listed below are actual test questions from IB exams past. You should strongly consider using one of these questions as the basis for your IA. Feel free to tweak the question to better allow you to focus

More information

STRIVING FOR INDEPENDENCE: MEXICO, ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL A P W O R L D H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 2 8 C

STRIVING FOR INDEPENDENCE: MEXICO, ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL A P W O R L D H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 2 8 C STRIVING FOR INDEPENDENCE: MEXICO, ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL 1900-1949 A P W O R L D H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 2 8 C THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION, 1910 1940 MEXICO IN 1910 Mexico s geographical location made it

More information

Roosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Clayton- Bulwer Treaty Westward Expansion.

Roosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Clayton- Bulwer Treaty Westward Expansion. Origins Westward Expansion Monroe Doctrine 1820 Clayton- Bulwer Treaty 1850 Roosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 1904 Manifest Destiny U.S. Independence & Westward Expansion Monroe Doctrine 1820

More information

LATIN AMERICA POST-INDEPENDENCE ( )

LATIN AMERICA POST-INDEPENDENCE ( ) LATIN AMERICA POST-INDEPENDENCE (1820-1920) Socially, not much changed w/ independencelarge gap between wealthy landowners & poor laborers Politically unstable- military dictators called caudillos often

More information

Modern World History

Modern World History Modern World History Chapter 19: Struggles for Democracy, 1945 Present Section 1: Patterns of Change: Democracy For democracy to work, there must be free and fair elections. There must be more than one

More information

Difficult choice. Republican ideals? Imperial power?

Difficult choice. Republican ideals? Imperial power? Difficult choice Republican ideals? Imperial power? Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders. Campaigned against

More information

1. Base your answer to question on the partial outline below and on your knowledge of social studies.

1. Base your answer to question on the partial outline below and on your knowledge of social studies. Frederick Douglass Academy Global Studies 1. Base your answer to question on the partial outline below and on your knowledge of social studies. I. A. Ideas from the American Revolution spread. B. Enslaved

More information

Unit 2: Imperialism and Isolationism ( )

Unit 2: Imperialism and Isolationism ( ) Unit 2: Imperialism and Isolationism (1890-1930) What is an empire? Is imperialism the same as colonization? Why would the U.S. get involved in this practice? What is the difference between acquiring and

More information

New Global Patterns. Imperialism II

New Global Patterns. Imperialism II New Global Patterns Imperialism II 1800-1914 本は近代化 Japan Modernizes Japan isolated itself from the world from 1600-1853 Japan s reaction to western imperialism was to become imperialist herself. Japan

More information

Preparing a Multimedia Presentation: The Legacy of Imperialism and the Impact of the Cold War

Preparing a Multimedia Presentation: The Legacy of Imperialism and the Impact of the Cold War STUDENT HANDOUT A Preparing a Multimedia Presentation: The Legacy of Imperialism and the Impact of the Cold War Work with your group to create a memorable, five-minute presentation that uses multimedia

More information

European Empires: 1660s

European Empires: 1660s European Empires: 1660s 16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe Causes of Latin American Revolutions 1. Enlightenment Ideas writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine.

More information

World History (Survey) Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe,

World History (Survey) Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe, World History (Survey) Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe, 1800 1914 Section 1: China Responds to Pressure from the West In the late 1700s, China was self-sufficient. It had a strong farming

More information

Transformations Around the Globe. Ch

Transformations Around the Globe. Ch Transformations Around the Globe Ch 28 1800-1914 China + the West China looked down on foreigners China was self-sufficient Strong agricultural economy Extensive mining + industry China wasn t interested

More information

Paper Three Review Questions

Paper Three Review Questions Tracy High School History of the Americas II Paper Three Review Questions 1. Discuss the political organization of one pre-columbian society. 2. Discuss the scientific and artistic developments that took

More information

Chapter 7 America as a World Power Notes 7.1 The United States Gains Overseas Territories The Big Idea

Chapter 7 America as a World Power Notes 7.1 The United States Gains Overseas Territories The Big Idea Chapter 7 America as a World Power Notes 7.1 The United States Gains Overseas Territories The Big Idea In the last half of the 1800s, the United States joined the race for control of overseas territories.

More information

Striving for Independence: Africa, India, and Latin America, Chapter 30

Striving for Independence: Africa, India, and Latin America, Chapter 30 Striving for Independence: Africa, India, and Latin America, 1900-1949 Chapter 30 Sub-Saharan Africa, 1900-1945 Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes Very few Europeans Algeria, Kenya, S. Africa

More information

U.S. Imperialism s Impact on Other Nations

U.S. Imperialism s Impact on Other Nations U.S. Imperialism s Impact on Other Nations U.S.-Japanese Relations Japan had closed itself to outsiders in the late 1400s; held a strong mistrust of Western cultures In mid-1800s, US businesses began to

More information

Paper Three Review Questions

Paper Three Review Questions Tracy High School History of the Americas II Paper Three Review Questions 1. Discuss the political organization of one pre-columbian society. 2. Discuss the scientific and artistic developments that took

More information

Chapter Summary. Section 1: The Challenges of Development. Section 2: Africa Seeks a Better Future

Chapter Summary. Section 1: The Challenges of Development. Section 2: Africa Seeks a Better Future Chapter Review Chapter Summary Section 1: The Challenges of Development The nations of Latin America, Asia, and Africa faced several challenges to development in the second half of the twentieth century,

More information

netw rks Reading Essentials and Study Guide The Resurgence of Conservatism, Lesson 2 The Reagan Years

netw rks Reading Essentials and Study Guide The Resurgence of Conservatism, Lesson 2 The Reagan Years and Study Guide Lesson 2 The Reagan Years ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do you think the resurgence of conservative ideas has changed society? Reading HELPDESK Content Vocabulary supply-side economics economic

More information

World History Chapter 23 Page Reading Outline

World History Chapter 23 Page Reading Outline World History Chapter 23 Page 601-632 Reading Outline The Cold War Era: Iron Curtain: a phrased coined by Winston Churchill at the end of World War I when her foresaw of the impending danger Russia would

More information

Zapatista Women. And the mobilization of women s guerrilla forces in Latin America during the 20 th century

Zapatista Women. And the mobilization of women s guerrilla forces in Latin America during the 20 th century Zapatista Women And the mobilization of women s guerrilla forces in Latin America during the 20 th century Twentieth Century Latin America The Guerrilla Hero Over the course of the century, new revolutionary

More information

Name: Date: Period: 2. What economic and political reasons did the United States employ as rationale for intervening militarily in the above nations?

Name: Date: Period: 2. What economic and political reasons did the United States employ as rationale for intervening militarily in the above nations? Name: Date: Period: Chapter 32 Reading Guide Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21 st Century p.782-801 1. Locate the following places on the map. a. Panama b. El Salvador c. Dominican Republic

More information

Latin America and the Cold War. Kiana Frederick

Latin America and the Cold War. Kiana Frederick Latin America and the Cold War Kiana Frederick Post WWII Adjustments Post WWII Adjustments Sharp differences arose between the United States and Latin America after WWII. Latin American leaders felt they

More information

Teachers. Ideas for Use:

Teachers. Ideas for Use: Ideas for Use: Teachers Begin each class period with 1 (or more questions). Have students keep a section of their Interactive Notebooks reserved specifically for Warm-ups. (My students flip their notebooks

More information

CASE STUDY: Latin American Democracies WHY IT MATTERS NOW

CASE STUDY: Latin American Democracies WHY IT MATTERS NOW 1 Democracy CASE STUDY: Latin American Democracies MAIN IDEA Democracy is not easy to achieve. In Latin America, economic problems and authoritarian rule delayed democracy. WHY IT MATTERS NOW By the mid-1990s,

More information

Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez

Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez Topics What is Positivism? Why does Latin American adopt positivism? U.S. Foreign Policy In Latin America Early 20 th Century Revolutions

More information

American Foreign Policy, : The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly.

American Foreign Policy, : The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly. American Foreign Policy, 1880-1920: The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly. Each group will become experts on their assigned country. Create poster showing how U.S. policy toward your respective country was good,

More information

Chapter 21 Foreign Influences and Revolutions 1. Introduction

Chapter 21 Foreign Influences and Revolutions 1. Introduction 1. Introduction It was still dark that morning of September 16, 1810, when Father Miguel Hidalgo rang the bells of his church in the rural village of Dolores to summon his Indian and mestizo, or mixed-race,

More information

A Place of Three Cultures

A Place of Three Cultures A Place of Three Cultures A Place of Three Cultures A broad square in Mexico City stands as a symbol of the complexity of Mexican culture. The Plaza de lastresculturas The Three Cultures is located on

More information

The Great Depression in Latin America. Import Substitution Industrialization. IB History of the Americas

The Great Depression in Latin America. Import Substitution Industrialization. IB History of the Americas The Great Depression in Latin America Import Substitution Industrialization IB History of the Americas Guiding Questions What is ISI? How where the economies of the United States and the many Latin America

More information

Name Class Date Score

Name Class Date Score Name Class Date Score APWH CHAPTER 29 Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War WK 29 Directions: Write a comprehensive, summarizing paragraph for each of the following major concepts.

More information

Roosevelt Taft Wilson. Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy

Roosevelt Taft Wilson. Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Roosevelt Taft Wilson Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Definition: The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements.

More information

Handbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and the Caribbean

Handbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and the Caribbean A Handbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and the Caribbean G. Pope Atkins V University of Texas at Austin and United States Naval Academy 'estyiew pun» A Member of the Perseus

More information

Mexican History and Systems of Empire

Mexican History and Systems of Empire Mexican History and Systems of Empire Day 1: The Conquest of Mexico 1. I can explain the systems the Spaniards put in place in New Spain and how they impacted Mexico over the long term. 2. I can use OPVL

More information

BELLRINGER. Read the abridged platform of the American Anti- Imperialist League. What is the main argument presented against imperialist policies?

BELLRINGER. Read the abridged platform of the American Anti- Imperialist League. What is the main argument presented against imperialist policies? BELLRINGER Read the abridged platform of the American Anti- Imperialist League. What is the main argument presented against imperialist policies? U.S. INTERVENTION ABROAD Ms. Luco IB Hist Americas LEARNING

More information

Letter from President Fillmore asking Japan. American ships to stop for supplies safety reasons

Letter from President Fillmore asking Japan. American ships to stop for supplies safety reasons Chapter 19-21 Introduction Japan 1853 Not open to trading with other countries Commodore Matthew Perry went to Japan with a small fleet of warships (Gunboat Diplomacy) Letter from President Fillmore asking

More information

Chapter 7, Section 3. New American Diplomacy

Chapter 7, Section 3. New American Diplomacy Chapter 7, Section 3 New American Diplomacy Roosevelt s Diplomacy Big Ideas: Presidents Roosevelt and Taft used a mixture of military and financial tools to expand American hegemony in Asia and Latin America.

More information

Geography- Physical and Political Locations

Geography- Physical and Political Locations CRCT Social Studies Review- 6th Grade Physical Features: Geography- Physical and Political Locations 1. The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia. It is located in Russia. 2. The mountain range

More information

Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad. Chapter 29

Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad. Chapter 29 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Chapter 29 Election of 1912 Taft was elected President in 1908 as Republican with the support of Teddy Roosevelt Roosevelt did not think Taft s presidency was

More information

IB HL History of the Americas

IB HL History of the Americas Essay Questions Arranged by Topics 2014 1985-2014 Political developments in the Americas after the Second World War 1945 1979 1. Compare and explain the outcomes of two revolutions in Latin America, one

More information

AMERICA AND THE WORLD. Chapter 13 Section 1 US History

AMERICA AND THE WORLD. Chapter 13 Section 1 US History AMERICA AND THE WORLD Chapter 13 Section 1 US History AMERICA AND THE WORLD THE RISE OF DICTATORS MAIN IDEA Dictators took control of the governments of Italy, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Japan End

More information

18 America Claims an Empire QUIT

18 America Claims an Empire QUIT 18 America Claims an Empire QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE SECTION 1 Imperialism and America GRAPH MAP SECTION 2 The Spanish-American War SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands SECTION 4

More information

The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the

The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America.

More information

SUB Hamburg A/ Talons of the Eagle. Latin America, the United States, and the World. PETER H.^MITH University of California, San Diego

SUB Hamburg A/ Talons of the Eagle. Latin America, the United States, and the World. PETER H.^MITH University of California, San Diego SUB Hamburg A/591327 Talons of the Eagle Latin America, the United States, and the World PETER H.^MITH University of California, San Diego FOURTH EDITION New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS BRIEF CONTENTS

More information

TE&IP Chapter 30 QAE

TE&IP Chapter 30 QAE TE&IP Chapter 30 QAE 1. In 1912, the African National Congress was founded by a) Western-educated lawyers and journalist. b) Tribal kings and prince. c) Haile Selassie. d) disgruntled ex-military officers

More information

The History of Latin America. European Conquest Present Day. Name: KEY Section:

The History of Latin America. European Conquest Present Day. Name: KEY Section: The History of Latin America European Conquest Present Day Name: KEY Section: Key Terms 1. conquistador: one of the conquerors who claimed and ruled land in America for the Spanish. 2. Moctezuma: ruler

More information

Unit 5, SSWH 14 b Parliament & the English Monarchy

Unit 5, SSWH 14 b Parliament & the English Monarchy Unit 5, SSWH 14 b Parliament & the English Monarchy What effect did the Age of Revolution have on Global Society? SSWH 14 b Identify the causes and results of the revolutions in England (1689), United

More information

Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere.

Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere. Summary The Beginnings of Industrialization KEY IDEA The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and soon spread elsewhere. In the early 1700s, large landowners in Britain bought much of the land

More information

Energy Reform in Mexico

Energy Reform in Mexico Energy Reform in Mexico From independence in 1821 to current reform May 6, 2014 1 Mexico Eagle Ford Shale 1519 1521 Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes conquers Central Mexico. The war mainly benefited the

More information

4. In what ways did cultural life for Western women change in the 1930s?

4. In what ways did cultural life for Western women change in the 1930s? Name: Date: Period: Chapter 29 Reading Guide The World Between the Wars: Revolution, Depression, and Authoritarian Response p. 686-718 1. Draw in and label the nations formed out of Russia, in whole or

More information

Professor Robert F. Alegre, Ph.D. Department of History University of New England

Professor Robert F. Alegre, Ph.D. Department of History University of New England Professor Robert F. Alegre, Ph.D. Department of History University of New England e-mail: ralegre_2000@une.edu Rebellion and Revolution in Twentieth-Century Latin America This course examines the major

More information

World History Unit 7 Vocabulary Era of Imperialism ( C.E.)

World History Unit 7 Vocabulary Era of Imperialism ( C.E.) World History Unit 7 Vocabulary Era of Imperialism (1800-1914 C.E.) NAME: PERIOD: DATE: For each word: write the definition, create a sentence that displays the meaning of the word, and draw a picture

More information

Chapter 17 Lesson 1: Two Superpowers Face Off. Essential Question: Why did tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R increase after WWII?

Chapter 17 Lesson 1: Two Superpowers Face Off. Essential Question: Why did tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R increase after WWII? Chapter 17 Lesson 1: Two Superpowers Face Off Essential Question: Why did tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R increase after WWII? Post WWII Big Three meet in Yalta Divide Germany into 4 zones (U.S.,

More information

President Ronald Reagan: Trickle Down Economics and Cold War Defense Spending

President Ronald Reagan: Trickle Down Economics and Cold War Defense Spending President Ronald Reagan: Trickle Down Economics and Cold War Defense Spending E. America Enters World War II (1945-Present) g. Analyze the origins of the Cold War, foreign policy developments, and major

More information

The Colonies after WW1

The Colonies after WW1 The Colonies after WW1 Africa - Summary Wanted to be independent Learned new ideas about freedom and nationalism New leaders were educated in Europe and the United States Africa Important People Harry

More information

Toussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo

Toussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo Toussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo Spain conquered most of the lands in the Americas (while Portugal conquered Brazil0. It divided its empire into provinces. The two most important

More information

Paper 03 Essays In Chronological Order

Paper 03 Essays In Chronological Order Paper 03 Essays 1985-2012 In Chronological Order 1. Examine the view that the role of the mestizo during and after the Wars for Independence brought about significant changes in cultural, social and political

More information

IB HL History Paper 03 History of the Americas Essays Organized by HL History Details Revised 2007

IB HL History Paper 03 History of the Americas Essays Organized by HL History Details Revised 2007 Paper 03 History of the Americas Essays Organized by HL History Details Revised 2007 Topic 1 The Colonial Period political and economic relationship with the colonial lpowers: Britain, France, Spain, Portugal

More information

Warm ups *How would you describe the physical geography of Central America? *How would you describe the ethnic breakdown of the region?

Warm ups *How would you describe the physical geography of Central America? *How would you describe the ethnic breakdown of the region? Warm ups 10.21.2016 *How would you describe the physical geography of Central America? *How would you describe the ethnic breakdown of the region? Lesson Objective: *describe the distribution of wealth

More information

Sub-SaharanSaharan Africa,

Sub-SaharanSaharan Africa, Chapter 32 Striving for Independence: Africa, India, and Latin America 1900 19491949 Sub-SaharanSaharan Africa, 1900 19451945 Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes Outside of Algeria, Kenya, and

More information

Imperialism. U.S. Foreign Policy. U.S. Foreign Policy 10/30/13. Chapter 10. Monroe Doctrine. Many Spanish colonies revolting

Imperialism. U.S. Foreign Policy. U.S. Foreign Policy 10/30/13. Chapter 10. Monroe Doctrine. Many Spanish colonies revolting Imperialism Chapter 10 U.S. Foreign Policy Monroe Doctrine No new colonization by Europe in western hemisphere U.S. stays out of European affairs If Europe attempts to colonize in the west, U.S. would

More information

The Age of Anxiety. Chapter 35

The Age of Anxiety. Chapter 35 The Age of Anxiety Chapter 35 Adolf Hitler Originally he wanted to be an artist, and traveled to Vienna to study at their famous schools. A native of Austria, however he was not willing to fight for the

More information

Unit 7: The Cold War

Unit 7: The Cold War Unit 7: The Cold War Standard 7-5 Goal: The student will demonstrate an understanding of international developments during the Cold War era. Vocabulary 7-5.1 OCCUPIED 7-5.2 UNITED NATIONS NORTH ATLANTIC

More information

Presidents of the United States

Presidents of the United States Presidents of the United States Match each fact card to the correct president. Known as the father of our country he established many precedents for presidents. Signed the Alien and Sedition Acts and engaged

More information

HIST 2372 Latin American History Since 1820 University of Houston

HIST 2372 Latin American History Since 1820 University of Houston HIST 2372 Latin American History Since 1820 Prof. Natalia Milanesio 1 HIST 2372 Latin American History Since 1820 University of Houston Emiliano Zapata Frida Kahlo Che Guevara and Fidel Castro Evo Morales

More information

The Cold War Begins. After WWII

The Cold War Begins. After WWII The Cold War Begins After WWII After WWII the US and the USSR emerged as the world s two. Although allies during WWII distrust between the communist USSR and the democratic US led to the. Cold War tension

More information

1945 Present. California Standards CHAPTER. Argentina s dirty war 566 CHAPTER 18

1945 Present. California Standards CHAPTER. Argentina s dirty war 566 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 1945 Present Latin America has experienced many political and economic shifts since 1945. Revolutions and repressive governments have coincided with shifts toward government-controlled economies

More information

Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Twenty-one: America and the Great War

Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Twenty-one: America and the Great War Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e America and the Great War Introduction Total War The Big Stick : America and the World, 1901-1917 Roosevelt and Civilization Racial and Economic Basis of Roosevelt

More information

3. Which region had not yet industrialized in any significant way by the end of the nineteenth century? a. b) Japan Incorrect. The answer is c. By c.

3. Which region had not yet industrialized in any significant way by the end of the nineteenth century? a. b) Japan Incorrect. The answer is c. By c. 1. Although social inequality was common throughout Latin America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a nationwide revolution only broke out in which country? a. b) Guatemala Incorrect.

More information