Chapter 12. Chapter 12 Section 1 China Resist Outside Influence. Transformations Around The Globe Confucianism. Confucius (K'ung-tzu)

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1 Chapter 12 Transformations Around The Globe Chapter 12 Section 1 China Resist Outside Influence Confucius (K'ung-tzu) Kong" 551 BC 479 BC Chinese and social philosopher. emphasized and governmental Mandate of Right to Rule Chaos Tried to bring order Confucianism NOT a, to interactions 5 Relationships Lord Husband Father Older Brother Brother Friend Mencious - Follower Confucius Say Man who stand on toilet, high on pot Man who run in front of car, get tired War does not determine who is right, it determines who is left Man who jumps off cliff, jumps to conclusion If you want pretty nurse, must be patient Chinese Superiority of Chinese looked down on foreigners Chinese had they needed no need for 16 th C trade is starting Market for Chinese tea, silk, Mercantilism $ & commodities treated different - balance of trade, 1

2 Qing (Ching) Dynasty Dynasty Great Wall uprising Wu Sangui Choose people or culture Tea Opium Connection West only to at 1 port Guangzhou (Canton) (S China) Trade west must find product China wants used in China 100 s of years medicine GB brings non-medicinal opium by mil Chinese addicted Chinese goes to opium British transfers it to British Agent seizes opium, Great Britain China refuses, War starts 1 st Opium War 1 st Opium War Treaty of beginning of treaties More open ports More Trade British citizens are not subject to Chinese laws Fine for war Britain gets long term lease on the city Rebellion Hong Xiuquan civil service exam, Jesus younger Taiping All of China should live in peace. Primitive 1840 s begin recruiting members, mil followers attack Confucianism 1853 takes capital Nanjing Foreign Influence Grows 2 nd War GB helps Hunan army put down Taiping Rebellion Self Movement attempt to modernize Eastern, Western Keep Confucian principles, but also learn W tech. 2

3 Problems Can you borrow just an idea Steamship Co. Need Coal Need Coal Mine Need RR Need Govt Control or Corp. Laws????? One thing leads to another Wars -French War (Vietnam) Fr want in Asia Indochina of China Chinese fight lose war lose Sino- War Control of (Jap fear China will lose grip on Korea) Chinese fight lose war lose Taiwan, pay indemnity, & prove self-strengthen failure Chinese Nationality Guangzu tries more reforms Qing ups feel threatened Call back former empress Cixi arrests Emperor undoes reforms People rebel Rebellion Boxer Rebellion unhappy w/reforms fuel rebellion Boxers into arts, religion, & anything anti-western. Society of & Harmonious Begin attacking, Empress Cixi supports, declares war on them. allied countries come in defense of citizens Pay another huge indemnity Chinese Republic More are attempted Wu Chong Yuan Shikai & SunYat-Sen vie for power. Deal made Yuan becomes President of 3

4 Chapter 12 Section 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism Latin America After Independence The life didn t improve Still working for rich instability military leaders ( ) take control By mid 1800 s most countries controlled by Caudillos Economies Grow Under Foreign Influence still depend on Trade, but now with other countries Many have loans from Euro countries leads to economic control The Monroe Doctrine 1823 Pres James to congress Any interference in Latin America by countries, seen as hostile act to US Cuba Declares Independence for Indep - give up til 1895 By mid 1890 s US has interest in Cuba 1898 USS blows up in Havana We blame it on Spain Spanish-American War Spanish-American War We get, Philippines, & Teddy gains fame takes him to Presidency US keeps of Cuba through installed govt angers Cubans 4

5 Connecting the Oceans After gaining in Latin Amer looked at way to shorten land Offers big $ to to build canal Columbia controls - want more $ 1903 US encourages in Panama US Navy helps Panama gives land for canal Canal opens 1914 Roosevelt Corollary To interest in Latin America TR issued an (corollary) to the Monroe Doctrine Claimed US has the right to be an international police power in the West Hemisphere Main Idea Chapter 8 Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West Section 2 pgs Nationalism Section 3 Nationalism Unification of Germany and Italy Nationalism contributed to the formation of two new nations and a new political order in Europe. Why It Matters Now Nationalism is the basis of world politics today and has often caused conflicts and wars. 5

6 Nationalism and Nation-States loyalty to nation of with common culture, history nation with its own independent government In 1815, only France, England, and Spain are nation-states -Three different types of nationalist movements: - merges culturally similar lands - splits off culturally distinct groups - binds separate cultures into one The Breakup of the Austrian Empire includes people from many ethnic groups defeat, forces emperor to empire into Austria and Hungary - still ruled by emperor The Russian Empire Crumbles After 370 years, czars begin losing over empire forcing other peoples to adopt Russian culture - policy further disunites Russia, strengthens ethnic nationalism 6

7 The Ottoman Empire Weakens tensions among ethnic groups empire Rulers grant to all groups, outraging Turks Cavour Leads Italian Unification Camillo di Cavour of kingdom of Sardinia in 1852 Gets help to win control of Austriancontrolled Italian land Garibaldi Brings Unity Giuseppe Garibaldi leads who conquer southern Cavour convinces Garibaldi to southern Italy and Sardinia Garibaldi steps aside, allowing king of Sardinia to rule Prussia Leads German Unification has advantages that help it unify : - mostly German - powerful army - creation of liberal constitution Bismarck Takes Control - conservative wealthy landowners Junker realpolitik master Otto von becomes prime minister Realpolitik power politics without room for idealism Bismarck Prussian parliament Prussia Expands and Austria fight, gain two provinces Quick makes other German nations respect Prussia 7

8 War creates border dispute with to provoke war Prussia seizes Austrian territory in northern Eastern and western parts of kingdom joined for first time The Franco-Prussian War Bismarck provokes war with to unite all Germans is crowned emperor of a united Germany at Versailles Bismarck creates a united under Prussian dominance In 1815 the of Vienna established five powers in : - Austria, Prussia, Britain, France, and Russia By 1871, and (now ) have gained much power Austria and Russia are weaker militarily and economically Balance Is Lost 8