Great Powers. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and British prime minister Winston

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Great Powers. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and British prime minister Winston"

Transcription

1

2 Great Powers I INTRODUCTION Big Three, Tehrān, Iran Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and British prime minister Winston Churchill, seated left to right, meet in Tehrān, Iran, in 1943 to discuss their military strategy and post-world War II policy for Europe. The leaders decided to invade France in 1944, against Churchill s recommendations. The meeting marked the apex of the East-West wartime alliance. Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill, the leaders of the three major Allied powers, came to be known as the Big Three. UPI/THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE Great Powers, the most powerful nations. Political scientists often refer to nations as states that is, territories controlled by a single government and inhabited by a distinct population. At any given time, about half a dozen states possess the majority of the world s power resources. Generally, a great power can be defeated militarily only by another great power. Great powers also tend to share a global outlook, based on a need to protect national economic, political, and security interests that may extend throughout the world. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in an

3 international structure. For instance, in the Concert of Europe that prevailed throughout much of the 19th century, the great powers of Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia agreed to meet regularly to promote and preserve peace in Europe. After World War II ended in 1945, the United Nations Security Council provided a forum for coordinated action by the great powers in the second half of the 20th century the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China. II SOURCES OF POWER Political scientists define power in the international political system as the potential to influence other states. Such potential derives from a mix of elements, both tangible and intangible. These elements include natural resources, industrial capacity, military forces, population size, and popular support for the government. Economic capability determines the military potential of individual states. For this reason, the best single indicator of a state s great-power potential may be its total gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the total value of goods and services produced in a given time period. The GDP provides a rough indicator of an economy s size, technological level, and wealth. Because power derives from enduring characteristics of states, the status of great powers changes very slowly. Britain and France have been great powers for 500 years, Russia and Germany for over 250 years, the United States and Japan for about 100 years, and China for 50 years. Rarely does a great power even one defeated in a massive war lose its status as a great power. Since the 16th century, only six other states have possessed great-power status: Italy, Austria (Austria-Hungary), Spain, the Ottoman Empire, Sweden, and The Netherlands. III IMPERIAL OVERSTRETCH AND THE DECLINE OF GREAT POWERS The network of relations between powerful states that constitute a great-power system first emerged in Europe during the 16th century and solidified during the Thirty Years War ( ). At the conclusion of this war, the Peace of Westphalia established the principles that have shaped modern international relations. Foremost among these principles is sovereignty, the respect for the political

4 independence and territorial integrity of states. Since the Peace of Westphalia, the great powers have maintained a balance of power preserved through shifting alliances and recurrent wars that generally prevents one state from conquering the others. The great powers of 16th-century Europe were England, France, Spain, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire. The Habsburg family ruled Austria and Spain. Habsburg power peaked in the late 16th century when Spain conquered Portugal. But the Thirty Years War resulted in the defeat of the Habsburgs by a coalition of nations, including France, Sweden, and the German principalities. At the end of the war, The Netherlands assumed dominance of international trading routes and joined the ranks of the great powers, displacing Spain. Spain s decline as a great power dated from the beginning of the 16th century, when it experienced a string of costly wars against France and a failed attempt to invade England. The collapse of Spanish power offers an example of imperial overstretch, the fate that befalls great powers when they extend their influence beyond what their size and capabilities can sustain. The Netherlands declined in power in the 18th century when its commercial and maritime rivalry with Britain led it into a series of debilitating wars. In the 20th century, Britain and France declined as great powers when they held onto their far-flung colonial empires for too long. IV THE GREAT POWERS SINCE WORLD WAR II The United States and the Soviet Union, World War II allies against Germany, became opposing superpowers after These two nations dominated great-power relations for 40 years during the Cold War. During this period, Europe split into rival power blocs, composed of nations with membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and those affiliated through the Warsaw Pact. Regional tensions in Europe mirrored the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The superpowers also sought to acquire influence throughout the rest of the world, often by supporting local factions and armies in regional or civil wars. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 upset the balance among great powers by leaving the United States as the lone superpower, significantly stronger than the world s remaining great powers.

5 Today s great powers the United States, Britain, France, Russia, and China all have large military forces and substantial nuclear weapons capabilities. Japan and Germany with huge economies and relatively large military forces but no nuclear weapons also qualify as great powers. These seven states control over half of the world s economy, 68 percent of world military spending, 27 percent of its soldiers, 95 percent of arms exports, and 99 percent of nuclear weapons. The only other states of comparable economic size are Italy and perhaps India, neither of which has the global outlook or military strength to qualify as a great power. India, which now has nuclear weapons capability, and Brazil are regional giants that have the potential to become great powers in the 21st century. The United States dominates great-power relations as the world s only superpower. Its economy equals that of the next three largest states combined Japan, China, and Germany. Its military spending exceeds that of the other six great powers combined by more than $100 billion. The influence of the United States in the international political system is commensurate with its dominant status in the world. For example, international involvement in post-cold War conflicts such as the Persian Gulf War in 1991 and the civil war in Bosnia that began in 1992 largely depended on U.S. leadership and demonstrated the profound gap in military capabilities between the United States and other great powers. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States became more assertive of its superpower status. As part of the government s war on terror, President George W. Bush committed the United States to a policy of preemptive war the use of force to attack potential threats before they are able to fully threaten the United States. This policy became known as the Bush Doctrine. Thus, the United States launched an invasion of Iraq in 2003 despite the opposition of great powers such as France, Russia, China, and Germany. See U.S.-Iraq War. As U.S. power has grown, however, smaller states have gained the ability to challenge great powers in international affairs. The growth of nuclear proliferation and the potential spread of nuclear weapons to new states has provided the opportunity for a second-tier power, India, to claim great power status, and has allowed a small state, North Korea, to resist the will of the great powers. Globalization has provided opportunities for lesser powers and even for nonstate organizations, such as terrorist

6 groups, to challenge great powers. Nevertheless, the size and significance of the great powers assures that they will remain the central actors in international relations. Reviewed By: Peter Howard

Balance of Power. Balance of Power, theory and policy of international relations that asserts that the most effective

Balance of Power. Balance of Power, theory and policy of international relations that asserts that the most effective Balance of Power I INTRODUCTION Balance of Power, theory and policy of international relations that asserts that the most effective check on the power of a state is the power of other states. In international

More information

Domestic policy WWI. Foreign Policy. Balance of Power

Domestic policy WWI. Foreign Policy. Balance of Power Domestic policy WWI The decisions made by a government regarding issues that occur within the country. Healthcare, education, Social Security are examples of domestic policy issues. Foreign Policy Caused

More information

Europe and North America Section 1

Europe and North America Section 1 Europe and North America Section 1 Europe and North America Section 1 Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps. Europe and North America Section

More information

America after WWII. The 1946 through the 1950 s

America after WWII. The 1946 through the 1950 s America after WWII The 1946 through the 1950 s The United Nations In 1944 President Roosevelt began to think about what the world would be like after WWII He especially wanted to be sure that there would

More information

What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years?

What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years? What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years? LESSON 2 SECTION 29.2 Text pp. 527 531 Read What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years? (pp. 527-531).

More information

Beginnings of the Cold War

Beginnings of the Cold War Beginnings of the Cold War Chapter 15 Section 1 Problems of Peace At the end of World War II, Germany was in ruins and had no government. Much of Europe was also in ruins. Problems of Peace Occupied Germany

More information

The Cold War Notes

The Cold War Notes The Cold War Notes 1945-1991 The Cold War was a time after WW2 when the USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence. First World capitalistic-democracies Second World authoritarian-communist

More information

THE IRON CURTAIN. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent. - Winston Churchill

THE IRON CURTAIN. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent. - Winston Churchill COLD WAR 1945-1991 1. The Soviet Union drove the Germans back across Eastern Europe. 2. They occupied several countries along it s western border and considered them a necessary buffer or wall of protection

More information

The Cold War Part I ( ) US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs.

The Cold War Part I ( ) US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. The Cold War 1945-1990 Part I (1945-1960) US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism Ideas/Questions What was the cold war? Are we still seeing its echoes

More information

The Cold War. Origins - Korean War

The Cold War. Origins - Korean War The Cold War Origins - Korean War What is a Cold War? WW II left two nations of almost equal strength but differing goals Cold War A struggle over political differences carried on by means short of direct

More information

Wartime Conferences T H E E A R L Y C O L D W A R

Wartime Conferences T H E E A R L Y C O L D W A R Wartime Conferences T H E E A R L Y C O L D W A R Wartime Conferences Allies anxious to avoid mistakes of Versailles Treaty Did not want peace settlement s of WWII to cause another war Allied leaders had

More information

Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled.

Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled. Objectives Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled. Explain how President Truman responded to Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. Describe

More information

The Cold War Begins. After WWII

The Cold War Begins. After WWII The Cold War Begins After WWII After WWII the US and the USSR emerged as the world s two. Although allies during WWII distrust between the communist USSR and the democratic US led to the. Cold War tension

More information

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War A Difference In Opinion 1945 was the beginning of a long period of distrust & misunderstanding between the Soviet Union and its former allies in the West (particularly the US) Soviet

More information

Modern World History Spring Final Exam 09

Modern World History Spring Final Exam 09 1. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan? A. to provide aid to European countries damaged by World War II B. to protect member nations against Soviet Union aggression C. to protect the United States economically

More information

Aftermath of WWII: The Iron Curtain/Cold War

Aftermath of WWII: The Iron Curtain/Cold War Aftermath of WWII: The Iron Curtain/Cold War Essential Question How did WWII change Europe? After the death of Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union s new communist leader was Joseph Stalin. Stalin and the

More information

Ch 25-1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe

Ch 25-1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe Ch 25-1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe The Main Idea WWIII??? At the end of World War II, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States deepened, leading to an era known as the Cold War. Cold

More information

Chapter Two Superpowers Face Off

Chapter Two Superpowers Face Off Chapter 17-1 Two Superpowers Face Off I) Former Allies Diverge II) The Soviet Union Corrals Eastern Europe III) United States Counters Soviet Expansion IV) The Cold War and a Divided World I) Former Allies

More information

Write 3 words you think of when you hear Cold War? THE COLD WAR ( )

Write 3 words you think of when you hear Cold War? THE COLD WAR ( ) THE Write 3 words you think of when you hear Cold War? COLD WAR (1948-1989) ORIGINS of the Cold War: (1945-1948) Tension or rivalry but NO FIGHTING between the United States and the Soviet Union This rivalry

More information

Results of World War II Crossword

Results of World War II Crossword Name Date Period Chapter 27 Results of World War II Crossword Workbook 107 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Across 1) country that became a superpower after World War II 3) these people were killed

More information

THE COLD WAR ( )

THE COLD WAR ( ) THE COLD WAR (1948-1989) ORIGINS of the Cold War: (1945-1948) Tension or rivalry but NO FIGHTING between the United States and the Soviet Union This rivalry divided the world into two teams (capitalism

More information

Cold War. Unit EQ: How did social, economic, and political events influence the US during the Cold War era?

Cold War. Unit EQ: How did social, economic, and political events influence the US during the Cold War era? Cold War Unit EQ: How did social, economic, and political events influence the US during the Cold War era? Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference was held towards the end of World War II. During this time

More information

Unit 7: The Cold War

Unit 7: The Cold War Unit 7: The Cold War Standard 7-5 Goal: The student will demonstrate an understanding of international developments during the Cold War era. Vocabulary 7-5.1 OCCUPIED 7-5.2 UNITED NATIONS NORTH ATLANTIC

More information

1918?? US fails to recognize Bolshevik regime and the USSR April 12, 1945?? FDR dies Stalin had immense respect for FDR which did not carry through

1918?? US fails to recognize Bolshevik regime and the USSR April 12, 1945?? FDR dies Stalin had immense respect for FDR which did not carry through 1918?? US fails to recognize Bolshevik regime and the USSR April 12, 1945?? FDR dies Stalin had immense respect for FDR which did not carry through to Truman 1946?? Kennan Telegram urging the US gov t

More information

Introduction to the Cold War

Introduction to the Cold War Introduction to the Cold War What is the Cold War? The Cold War is the conflict that existed between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It is called cold because the two sides never

More information

THE COLD WAR Learning Goal 1:

THE COLD WAR Learning Goal 1: THE COLD WAR Learning Goal 1: Describe the causes and effects of the Cold War and explain how the Korean War, Vietnam War and the arms race were associated with the Cold War. RESULTS OF WWII RESULTS VE

More information

Propose solutions to challenges brought on by modern industrialization and globalization.

Propose solutions to challenges brought on by modern industrialization and globalization. Core Content for Assessment: SS-HS-5.3.1 Title / Topic: Classical and Medieval Review, Renaissance and Reformation DOK 2 Define democracy, republic, empire, secular, humanism, theocracy, Protestant Reformation,

More information

End of WWI and Early Cold War

End of WWI and Early Cold War End of WWI and Early Cold War Why So Scary, Communism? It posed a direct threat to democracy and capitalism Struggle between US and USSR was political but battle between good and evil Democracy A system

More information

Overview: The World Community from

Overview: The World Community from Overview: The World Community from 1945 1990 By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.15.17 Word Count 874 Level 1050L During the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Czechoslovakians

More information

the Cold War The Cold War would dominate global affairs from 1945 until the breakup of the USSR in 1991

the Cold War The Cold War would dominate global affairs from 1945 until the breakup of the USSR in 1991 U.S vs. U.S.S.R. ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR After being Allies during WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. soon viewed each other with increasing suspicion Their political differences created a climate of icy tension

More information

Jeopardy Chapter 26. Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200

Jeopardy Chapter 26. Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Jeopardy Chapter 26 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Sec. 3 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400

More information

Early Cold War

Early Cold War Early Cold War 1945-1972 Capitalism vs. Communism Capitalism Communism Free-Market Economy Upper, Middle and Working Class North Atlantic Treaty Organization Government Controlled Economy Classless Society

More information

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present World History (Survey) Chapter 33: Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Section 1: Two Superpowers Face Off The United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II. In February

More information

The Legacies of WWII

The Legacies of WWII The Cold War The Legacies of WWII WWI might have been the war to end all wars but it was WWII that shifted the psyche of humanity. The costs of total war were simply too high 55 million dead worldwide

More information

Origins of the Cold War. A Chilly Power Point Presentation Brought to You by Ms. Shen

Origins of the Cold War. A Chilly Power Point Presentation Brought to You by Ms. Shen Origins of the Cold War A Chilly Power Point Presentation Brought to You by Ms. Shen What was the Cold War? The Cold War was a 40+ year long conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that started

More information

Harry S. Truman Library & Museum Teacher Lessons

Harry S. Truman Library & Museum Teacher Lessons Title: Lesson Plans for Conference at Yalta Activity Author: Derek Frieling Course: American History Time Frame: Part of one class period for introduction and one full class period for the debate. Subjects:

More information

Chapter 28, Section 1: The Cold War Begins. Main Idea: After WWII, distrust between the US & USSR led to the Cold War.

Chapter 28, Section 1: The Cold War Begins. Main Idea: After WWII, distrust between the US & USSR led to the Cold War. Chapter 28, Section 1: The Cold War Begins Main Idea: After WWII, distrust between the US & USSR led to the Cold War. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle US & the Western Democracies GOAL

More information

Name Period Cold War Germany Divided into zones of occupation; also

Name Period Cold War Germany Divided into zones of occupation; also Name Period Cold War 1945-1989 Germany Divided into zones of occupation; also Japan by U.S. troops Industries re-built with modern Korea into zones of occupation (USSR and US) Boundary is parallel (38

More information

THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS. US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2

THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS. US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2 THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2 THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS CONTAINING COMMUNISM MAIN IDEA The Truman Doctrine offered aid to any nation resisting communism; The Marshal Plan aided

More information

Today we will identify and examine the legislation, policies and events that begin the rivalry known as the Cold War

Today we will identify and examine the legislation, policies and events that begin the rivalry known as the Cold War Today we will identify and examine the legislation, policies and events that begin the rivalry known as the Cold War Thought for the day: Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also

More information

nations united with another for some common purpose such as assistance and protection

nations united with another for some common purpose such as assistance and protection SS.7.C.4.1 Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Students will recognize the difference between domestic and foreign policy. Students will identify issues that relate to U.S.

More information

2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior.

2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior. 1. The Americans become increasingly impatient with the Soviets. 2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior. 3. On February 22, 1946, George Kennan an American

More information

Former Allies Diverge

Former Allies Diverge Chapter 17-1 Two Superpowers Face Off Former Allies Diverge The Soviet Union Corrals Eastern Europe United States Counters Soviet Expansion The Cold War and a Divided World Former Allies Diverge Before

More information

The statistical regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations as: Northern, Western,

The statistical regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations as: Northern, Western, Regional Economy Paper: Geography The statistical regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations as: Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern Europe. Western Europe has a long history of trade, free

More information

1. Which of the following leaders transformed the Soviet Union from a rural nation into an industrial power? A. Stalin B. Hitler C. Lenin D.

1. Which of the following leaders transformed the Soviet Union from a rural nation into an industrial power? A. Stalin B. Hitler C. Lenin D. Name: Date: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following leaders transformed the Soviet Union from a rural nation into an industrial power? A. Stalin B. Hitler C. Lenin D. Mussolini

More information

COLD WAR ORIGINS. U.S vs. U.S.S.R. Democ./Cap vs Comm.

COLD WAR ORIGINS. U.S vs. U.S.S.R. Democ./Cap vs Comm. COLD WAR ORIGINS U.S vs. U.S.S.R. Democ./Cap vs Comm. Section One: Objectives By the end, I will be able to: 1. Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World

More information

World History II Final Exam Study Guide. Mr. Rarrick. Name:

World History II Final Exam Study Guide. Mr. Rarrick. Name: Mr. Rarrick Name: I. World War I 1. What effort did Alfred Nobel make toward peace? 2. Who had the largest standing army in 1914? 3. Where did the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand take place?

More information

Warm ups *What is a key cultural difference between Ireland and Northern Ireland? *What is a key political difference between the two?

Warm ups *What is a key cultural difference between Ireland and Northern Ireland? *What is a key political difference between the two? Warm ups 11.28.2016 *What is a key cultural difference between Ireland and Northern Ireland? *What is a key political difference between the two? Lesson Objective: *describe what NATO is *describe key

More information

The Historical Evolution of International Relations

The Historical Evolution of International Relations The Historical Evolution of International Relations Chapter 2 Zhongqi Pan 1 Ø Greece and the City-State System p The classical Greek city-state system provides one antecedent for the new Westphalian order.

More information

CPWH Agenda for Unit 12.3: Clicker Review Questions World War II: notes Today s HW: 31.4 Unit 12 Test: Wed, April 13

CPWH Agenda for Unit 12.3: Clicker Review Questions World War II: notes Today s HW: 31.4 Unit 12 Test: Wed, April 13 Essential Question: What caused World War II? What were the major events during World War II from 1939 to 1942? CPWH Agenda for Unit 12.3: Clicker Review Questions World War II: 1939-1942 notes Today s

More information

The Cold War US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism

The Cold War US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism The Cold War 1945-1991 US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism US/USSR Relationship during WWII 1939: Stalin (USSR) makes a deal with Hitler (Germany).

More information

LESSON 1: YALTA, 1945 Student Handout 2: Soviet View

LESSON 1: YALTA, 1945 Student Handout 2: Soviet View LESSON 1: YALTA, 1945 Student Handout 2: Soviet View 1940 1950 1'5 Yalta Conference 1955 1960 - ~ - -- :? - -. You are Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union. t is February 1945, and you are meeting

More information

Economics, Government, & the Cold War. Why do states cooperate with each other?

Economics, Government, & the Cold War. Why do states cooperate with each other? Economics, Government, & the Cold War Why do states cooperate with each other? ECONOMIC TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH POLITICS a. CAPITALISM Economic system where citizens own property & private businesses control

More information

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold War CHAPTER GUIDED READING Origins of the Cold War A. As you read this section, complete the cause-and-effect diagram with the specific U.S. actions made in response to the Soviet actions listed. Use the following

More information

The Differences Between the 2 Sides Under Soviet communism, the state controlled all property & economic activity In capitalistic America, private

The Differences Between the 2 Sides Under Soviet communism, the state controlled all property & economic activity In capitalistic America, private Although the US and Soviet Union had been allies in WWII, they emerged as rival superpowers They had very different ambitions for the future These differences created an icy tension that plunged the 2

More information

TRUMAN BECOMES PRESIDENT Hopes for world peace were high at the end of the war

TRUMAN BECOMES PRESIDENT Hopes for world peace were high at the end of the war Name: Origins of the Cold War Period: FORMER ALLIES CLASH The US and Soviet Union had very different ambitions for the future Soviet Communism v. American Capitalism Joseph Stalin totalitarian, leader

More information

EOC Preparation: WWII and the Early Cold War Era

EOC Preparation: WWII and the Early Cold War Era EOC Preparation: WWII and the Early Cold War Era WWII Begins Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party were elected to power and took over the German government Hitler held a strict rule over Germany and set his sights

More information

Cold War Containment Policies

Cold War Containment Policies VUS.13b Cold War Containment Policies How did the U.S. respond to the threat of communist expansion? "Flags courtesy of www.theodora.com/flags used with permission" Origins of the Cold War The Cold War

More information

Russian History. Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s

Russian History. Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s Russian History Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s Outline Russia Lecture #1 Ancient Russia Settlement of Russia Yaroslav the Wise Mongol Invasion of Russia Retaking Russia Ivan the Great Ivan the

More information

Citizenship Just the Facts.Civics Learning Goals for the 4th Nine Weeks.

Citizenship Just the Facts.Civics Learning Goals for the 4th Nine Weeks. .Civics Learning Goals for the 4th Nine Weeks. C.4.1 Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Recognize the difference between domestic and foreign policy - Identify issues

More information

United States Foreign Policy

United States Foreign Policy United States Foreign Policy Contemporary US F.P. Timeline In the early 20th century, U.S. isolates and remains neutral ahead of 1 st and 2 nd World Wars, US has to intervene to help end them, after 2

More information

Preface to Cold War. Preface

Preface to Cold War. Preface Preface to Cold War Preface I have had the pleasure of teaching IB history for over 20 years, mainly at Malmö Borgarskola in Sweden but also on revision courses in England and in the United States. It

More information

BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? What was the Soviet View? What was the Western view? What is a Cold War?

BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? What was the Soviet View? What was the Western view? What is a Cold War? BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? The 2 sides were enemies long before they were allies in WWII. Relations had been bad since 1917 as Russia had become communist and the

More information

The Americans (Survey)

The Americans (Survey) The Americans (Survey) Chapter 26: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Cold War Conflicts CHAPTER OVERVIEW After World War II, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union lead to a war without direct military

More information

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying Chapter 20, you should be able to: 1. Identify the many actors involved in making and shaping American foreign policy and discuss the roles they play. 2. Describe how

More information

$100 People. WWII and Cold War. The man who made demands at Yalta who led to the dropping of the "iron curtain" around the eastern European countries.

$100 People. WWII and Cold War. The man who made demands at Yalta who led to the dropping of the iron curtain around the eastern European countries. People WWII and Cold War Jeopardy Between the Geography Treaties and Battles of Wars WWII Hot Spots of the Cold War $100 People WWII and Cold War $100 People WWII and Cold War Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100

More information

The Cold War TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT)

The Cold War TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) The Cold War TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) Throughout WWII the U.S. and the Soviet Union began to view each other with increasing suspicion. He s a commie, and once made an alliance with Hitler...

More information

Grade 9 Social Studies. Chapter 8 Canada in the World

Grade 9 Social Studies. Chapter 8 Canada in the World Grade 9 Social Studies Chapter 8 Canada in the World The Cold War The Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States was a half century of military build-up, political manoeuvring for international

More information

LESSON 1: YALTA, 1945 Student Handout 1: Problems

LESSON 1: YALTA, 1945 Student Handout 1: Problems i: ; i,.,... Ị....,., LESSON 1: YALTA, 1945 Student Handout 1: Problems - 1940 1~5 1950 1~5 1~0 Yalta Conference t is February 1945, and you are President Franklin D. Roosevelt. You have come to the Russian

More information

Write the letter of the description that does NOT match the name or term.

Write the letter of the description that does NOT match the name or term. Page 1 Write the letter of the description that does NOT match the name or term. 1. Joseph Stalin a. totalitarian b. Communist c. launched a massive drive to collectivize agriculture d. entered into a

More information

1. Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

1. Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. 3. Base your answer on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. In the cartoon,

More information

Unit 1: La Belle Époque and World War I ( )

Unit 1: La Belle Époque and World War I ( ) Unit 1: La Belle Époque and World War I (1900-1919) Application Question 1.2.3a Explain how trench warfare contributed to a stalemate on the Western Front. 1.1.4a Analyze the origins of World War I with

More information

World History Unit 08a and 08b: Global Conflicts & Issues _Edited

World History Unit 08a and 08b: Global Conflicts & Issues _Edited Name: Period: Date: Teacher: World History Unit 08a and 08b: Global Conflicts & Issues 2012-2013_Edited Test Date: April 25, 2013 Suggested Duration: 1 class period This test is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE

More information

United Nations General Assembly 1st

United Nations General Assembly 1st ASMUN CONFERENCE 2018 "New problems create new opportunities: 7.6 billion people together towards a better future" United Nations General Assembly 1st "Paving the way to a world without a nuclear threat"!

More information

The Spanish American-War 4 Causes of the War: Important Events 1/7/2018. Effects of the Spanish American War

The Spanish American-War 4 Causes of the War: Important Events 1/7/2018. Effects of the Spanish American War The Spanish American-War 4 Causes of the War: Sugar (Economic) Spanish Cruelties (Humanitarian) The Sinking of the USS Maine (Self-Defense/National Pride) Spanish Brutalities and Yellow Journalism (Political

More information

5. Base your answer on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

5. Base your answer on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Name: 1. To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the 1) money borrowed from foreign governments 2) sale of war bonds 3) sale of United States manufactured goods to

More information

GRADE 10 5/31/02 WHEN THIS WAS TAUGHT: MAIN/GENERAL TOPIC: WHAT THE STUDENTS WILL KNOW OR BE ABLE TO DO: COMMENTS:

GRADE 10 5/31/02 WHEN THIS WAS TAUGHT: MAIN/GENERAL TOPIC: WHAT THE STUDENTS WILL KNOW OR BE ABLE TO DO: COMMENTS: 1 SUB- Age of Revolutions (1750-1914) Continued from Global I Economic and Social Revolutions: Agrarian and Industrial Revolutions Responses to industrialism (Karl Marx) Socialism Explain why the Industrial

More information

Investigating the Geology and Geography of Oil

Investigating the Geology and Geography of Oil S t u d e n t H a n d o u t a Investigating the Geology and Geography of Oil Land Area of Oil Countries of Southwest Asia Examine the map at right. It shows the locations of 10 oil countries in Southwest

More information

TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS SINCE 1945

TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS SINCE 1945 TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS SINCE 1945 Facing the First Challenges: the Transatlantic Partnership during the 1950s Today s outline The development of institutional frameworks to implement the West s policy

More information

Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided

Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided Cold War 1945-1989 Germany Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided Japan Occupied by U.S. troops Demilitarized Industries re-built with modern machinery Divided into 2 zones of occupation

More information

Chapter 17 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School

Chapter 17 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School Name: Class: _ Date: _ Chapter 17 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School Matching IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each name with his or her description below. You will not use all the names. a.

More information

Chapter 15 Section 1 Notes: Beginnings of the Cold War

Chapter 15 Section 1 Notes: Beginnings of the Cold War Name: Chapter 15 Section 1 Notes: Beginnings of the Cold War Problems of Peace At the end of World War II, government Much of was also in ruins was in ruins and had no At the, the Allies (Great Britain,

More information

Example Student Essays for: Assess the reasons for the Breakdown of the Grand Alliance

Example Student Essays for: Assess the reasons for the Breakdown of the Grand Alliance Example Student Essays for: Assess the reasons for the Breakdown of the Grand Alliance Table of Contents 1. Student Essay 1.2 2. Student Essay 2.5 3. Student Essay 3.8 Rubric 1 History Essay Access the

More information

World War II Causes of World War II

World War II Causes of World War II Name World War II Causes of World War II U.S. History: Cold War & World War II Treaty of Versailles Caused Germany to: Admit war guilt Give up overseas colonies Lose land to France (Alsace Loraine) Give

More information

Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present

Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Map Activity Define the following on a separate sheet of paper: Cold War, Brinkmanship, Détente, Containment, Communism, Capitalism, Democracy, Command Economy,

More information

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2012

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2012 Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2012 [Since 1998, the pattern is: two subject specific questions, two questions allowing a choice of examples, and one question

More information

America s Global Involvement and the Emergence of the Cold War

America s Global Involvement and the Emergence of the Cold War CHAPTER 2 America s Global Involvement and the Emergence of the Cold War MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to the text, key reasons for abandoning isolationism by the United States after World War II included

More information

WINNING the WAR / PLANNING the PEACE The Allies: US, England, USSR, and China Feb 1945 Yalta Conference: US-USSR-England GERMANY must agree to

WINNING the WAR / PLANNING the PEACE The Allies: US, England, USSR, and China Feb 1945 Yalta Conference: US-USSR-England GERMANY must agree to WINNING the WAR / PLANNING the PEACE The Allies: US, England, USSR, and China Feb 1945 Yalta Conference: US-USSR-England GERMANY must agree to UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER Germany will be divided into 4 parts

More information

First Nine Weeks-August 20-October 23, 2014

First Nine Weeks-August 20-October 23, 2014 Middle School Map-at-a-Glance Guide-7th Grade Social Studies At-a-Glance 2014-2015 Please note: It is very important to follow the order of this pacing guide. As students move from one school to another

More information

D-Day Gives the Allies a Foothold in Europe

D-Day Gives the Allies a Foothold in Europe D-Day Gives the Allies a Foothold in Europe On June 6, 1944, Allied forces under U.S. general Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the Normandy beaches in history s greatest naval invasion: D-Day. Within three

More information

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Yesterday Objectives, Today Strategies

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Yesterday Objectives, Today Strategies European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2015; www.european-science.com Vol.4, No.1 Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management ISSN 1805-3602 North Atlantic Treaty

More information

Hitler did not keep his word and six months later demanded that the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia be handed over to Germany.

Hitler did not keep his word and six months later demanded that the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia be handed over to Germany. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Almost immediately he began secretly building up Germany s army and weapons. In 1934 he increased the size of the army, began building warships

More information

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2014

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2014 Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2014 [Since 1998, the pattern is: two subject specific questions, two questions allowing a choice of examples, and one question

More information

What was the significance of the WW2 conferences?

What was the significance of the WW2 conferences? What was the significance of the WW2 conferences? Look at the this photograph carefully and analyse the following: Body Language Facial expressions Mood of the conference A New World Order: Following WW2,

More information

Unit 7.4: World War II

Unit 7.4: World War II Unit 7.4: World War II 1942-1945 Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to dominate Eastern & Western Europe England was wounded from German attacks in the Battle of Britain Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression

More information

Chapter 8: Political Geography. Unit 4

Chapter 8: Political Geography. Unit 4 Chapter 8: Political Geography Unit 4 Where Are States Distributed? Introducing political geography State an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control

More information

Journal # 11 04/30/15 Objective: Students will utilize various

Journal # 11 04/30/15 Objective: Students will utilize various Journal # 11 04/30/15 Objective: Students will utilize various resources to identify, compare/contrast, and evaluate the origins, development and effects of the Cold War. Agenda: Journal Cold War PPT Guided

More information

International Influence

International Influence What is influence? Influence is how a thing or person affects another thing or person. When someone has influence over you, he or she has the power to change the decisions you make. You can think about

More information

WORLD HISTORY Curriculum Map

WORLD HISTORY Curriculum Map WORLD HISTORY Curriculum Map (1 st Semester) WEEK 1- ANCIENT HISTORY Suggested Chapters 1 SS Standards LA.910.1.6.1-3 LA.910.2.2.1-3 SS.912.G.1-3 SS.912.G.2.1-3 SS.912.G.4.1-9 SS.912.H.1.3 SS.912.H.3.1

More information