Spain s Political System

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Moris Stuart Norman
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Spain s Political System There are about 200 countries in the world, including Spain. Like other countries, Spain has got: _ a territory with stable borders.

Como outros países, España conseguiu: Un territorio con fronteiras estables. Símbolos nacionais ( bandeira, himno ). Institucións oficiais que garanten a independencia de España doutros países.

_ There are many political parties, each with its own ideology. This is called political pluralism. España é un estado democrático.

1 Spain s Political System There are about 200 countries in the world, including Spain. Like other countries, Spain has got: _ a territory with stable borders. _ national symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem). _ official institutions that guarantee Spain s independence from other countries. Hai aproximadamente 200 países no mundo, incluíndo España. Como outros países, España conseguiu: Un territorio con fronteiras estables. Símbolos nacionais ( bandeira, himno ). Institucións oficiais que garanten a independencia de España doutros países. Spain is a democratic state. _ All Spanish people who are at least 18 years old have the right to vote in free elections. They can also run for public office. _ There are many political parties, each with its own ideology. This is called political pluralism. España é un estado democrático. _ Toda a xente española que ten polo menos 18 anos teñen o dereito a votar en libres eleccións. Poden tamén traballar para a oficina pública. _ hai moitos partidos políticos, cada un coa súa propia ideoloxía. Isto é chamado pluralismo político. Spain has got a constitution. It is a set of basic principles that organises the Spanish state. The Spanish Constitution was approved in 1978.

España ten unha constitución. É un conxunto de principios básicos que organiza o estado español.

The main institutions of the Spanish state are the Parliament, the government and the judicial system.

The Parliament In the Spanish political system, there are two Houses of Parliament.

2 España ten unha constitución. É un conxunto de principios básicos que organiza o estado español. A Constitución Española foi aprobada en The main institutions of the Spanish state are the Parliament, the government and the judicial system. As institucións principais do estado español son o Parlamento, o goberno e o sistema xudicial. The Parliament In the Spanish political system, there are two Houses of Parliament. _ The Congress (Congreso de los Diputados) is formed by 350 Members of Parliament that Spanish citizens choose during elections. _ The Senate (Senado) is formed by approximately 260 senators who represent Spain s provinces and autonomous communities and cities. No sistema político español, hai dúas Casas do Parlamento. _ O Congreso (Congreso dos Diputados) é formado por 350 Deputados que os cidadáns españois elixen durante eleccións. _ O Senado (Senado) é formado por aproximadamente 260 senadores que representan as provincias e comunidades autónomas e cidades de España.

The government The Spanish government enforces the laws that the Parliament passes. It also makes decisions to organise and direct the state.

En España, o gobernó inclúe ao presidente, ós vicepresidentes e ós ministros. The judicial system In the Spanish judicial system, judges and magistrates work in courts and tribunals.

No sistema xudicial español, xuíces e maxistrados incorporan as cortes de xustiza e os tribunais. Interpretan as leis que o Parlamento aproba, e deciden se a xente está a obedecer ou romper a lei.

3 The government The Spanish government enforces the laws that the Parliament passes. It also makes decisions to organise and direct the state. In Spain, the government includes the president, the vice-presidents and the ministers O goberno español impón as leis que o Parlamento aproba. Tamén toma decisións organiza e dirixe o estado. En España, o gobernó inclúe ao presidente, ós vicepresidentes e ós ministros. The judicial system In the Spanish judicial system, judges and magistrates work in courts and tribunals. They interpret the laws that the Parliament passes, and decide if people are obeying or breaking the law. No sistema xudicial español, xuíces e maxistrados incorporan as cortes de xustiza e os tribunais. Interpretan as leis que o Parlamento aproba, e deciden se a xente está a obedecer ou romper a lei. According to the Constitution of 1978 the Spanish state is composed of autonomous communities and cities. The Spanish state has got 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities: Ceuta and Melilla. Each autonomous community is formed by one or more provinces. Each autonomous community has its own Parliament and government. Segundo a Constitución de 1978 do estado español componse comunidades autónomas e cidades. O estado español conseguiu 17 comunidades autónomas e 2 cidades autónomas: Ceuta e Melilla. Cada comunidade autónoma é formada por un ou máis provincias. Cada comunidade autónoma ten o seu propio Parlamento e goberno.

cada comunidade autónoma conseguiu o seu propio Estatuto de Autonomía - a lei básica que establece como funciona a comunidade.

4 Statute of Autonomy Each autonomous community has got its own Statute of Autonomy the basic law that establishes how the community functions.cada comunidade autónoma conseguiu o seu propio Estatuto de Autonomía - a lei básica que establece como funciona a comunidade. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was passed by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948 A Declaración Universal de Dereitos Humanos foi aprobada pola Asemblea General das Nacións Unidas en 1948 Fonte: Oxford University Press España

Efficiency as a descriptive variable of autonomous electoral systems in Spain

ISSN: 2036-5438 Efficiency as a descriptive variable of autonomous electoral systems in Spain by Jaume Magre Ferran Perspectives on Federalism, Vol. 4, issue 1, 2012 Except where otherwise noted content