LIMITATIONS OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA CASE
|
|
- Noah Norman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2018, pp , Article ID: IJMET_09_08_093 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed LIMITATIONS OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA CASE A.A.A. Ngr. Sri Rahayu Gorda Universitas Pendidikan Nasional Ni Nyoman Juwita Arsawati Universitas Pendidikan Nasional Putu Eva Ditayani Antari Universitas Pendidikan Nasional ABSTRACT Law and democracy state is a concept that is implemented by almost every country in the world, including Indonesia. As a legal state, Indonesia guarantees the enforcement and protection of human rights to every citizen, including in the use of political rights in order to realize democracy. Although the recognition of human rights is guaranteed in the constitution, there are also restrictions imposed by the government, especially on political rights (such as the right of association, assembly, and speech). One of the restrictions imposed by the government on political rights exists in the application of the right to freedom of speech. Moreover, in this digital era, freedom of speech can be applied both orally and in writing, through printed media or social media, so its restriction can be found in many legislation, among others in the Criminal Code, Law 11 of 2008 on Information, especially in the Circular Letter of Police Chief on Hate Speech Handling. The purpose of such restrictions is that the freedom of speech be accountable and in accordance with the rules of law. In relation to the above topics, a review was conducted to understand the restrictions on freedom-of-speech right by the government based on human right perspective, and the relevance to Indonesia's democratic implementation. Based on the study through normative legal research, presented in descriptive analysis, it is showed that restrictions on freedom of speech can be implemented by government with some requirements as contained in the ICCPR. Limitations on freedom of speech should be carried out responsibly, not ignore the implementation of democratic principles. Keywords: law state, democracy, freedom of speech, restriction editor@iaeme.com
2 Limitations of Freedom of Speech in a Democratic Government: A Contemporary Analysis in Indonesia Case Cite this Article: A.A.A. Ngr. Sri Rahayu Gorda, Ni Nyoman Juwita Arsawati and Putu Eva Ditayani Antari, Limitations of Freedom of Speech in a Democratic Government: A Contemporary Analysis in Indonesia Case, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(8), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION State of law doctrine and democracy system has adopted by Indonesia since the beginning of Independence. Juridically, the application of state of law doctrine is stated explicitly in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter abbreviated as the 1945 Constitution) (Prayogo, 2018). Thus, Indonesia should ensure the implementation of government based on the rule of law, separation the state power, and providing human rights protection for citizens. Meanwhile, democratic is an existing consequence in the state of people s souverignty that require the society participation, in accordance with the term democracy which means rule of people (Arif, 2018; Mulyawan, 2018). According to Munir Fuady (2009), to establish the democratic state with the widespread public participation is hard, especially for large-area country with the high population and public problems. United States is a suceed country in applicating democracy, since it provides a political stability for the society resulting in wide public participation. That political stability actually be obtained by the existence of a dark and prolonged civil war at the end of the 19 th century. Therefore, people's participation in the implementation of democracy is in fact contrary to the political stability of the country, as it is actually related to a totalitarian state. Thus the implementation of democracy in a country, associated with the participation of the people, should be followed by the awareness of the importance of political stability in order to maintain the integrity of the state (Wicaksono, 2018; Rokhmad & Susilo, 2017). Thus the implementation of democracy must be supported with the awareness of political stability existance in order to maintain the integrity of the state (Susilowati, 2018; Lisdiyono, 2017). Indonesia, as a democracy state (based on popular sovereignty), also gives people the opportunity to participate and oversee the government by ensuring the society right in the freedom of speech (primarily after the amendment of 1945 Constitution) (Lisdiyono & Suatmiati, 2017; Siallagan et al., 2018). The right for freedom of speech allows people to be able to oversee the government through the political infrastructure of the state which is demonstrated by the existence of political parties, community organizations (NGOs), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), interested groups and mass media (Wirawan, 2018; Din et al., 2018; Munawarah et al., 2018). These institutions have a role to oversee the running of government institutions because they are free to voice public opinion. In Indonesia, guarantee protection for freedom of expression are contained in the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, although there are other restrictive provisions that limit the implementation of it. This restriction is in contrast to the existence of state guarantees to enforce the human rights, thus in this study the enforcement of freedom of speech from a human rights perspective are the main study. Based on the above backrounds, the research problems are what is the reason of freedom of speech restrictions in Indonesia, and does the restriction of freedom of speech impede the establishment of democratic government? 2. SCOPE OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS The discussion in this article includes the description as to describe about right of freedom of speech as part of human rights, the regulation of freedom of speech, the regulations of freedom of speech in Indonesia, and the reasons of government set those restrictions; and the editor@iaeme.com
3 A.A.A. Ngr. Sri Rahayu Gorda, Ni Nyoman Juwita Arsawati and Putu Eva Ditayani Antari relevance between human right restrictions and democratic implementation. Moreover, this research is purposed to being generally intended to know the restrictions on the use of the right to freedom of association by citizens in Indonesia. While the specific purpose of this research is to know and analyze the reasons of the government in setting restrictions on the use of the right to freedom of association, and the relevance between the fulfillment of the right to freedom of association and the realization of democracy within a country. This research is expected to provide benefits for the development of law science, especially on human rights studies. In addition, for the authors, this study provides an understanding in how to achieve democracy in term of restrictions on the right to freedom of association. Meanwhile, for the readers, the research will be useful in providing additional knowledge about the various regulations that restrict the enforcement of the right to freedom of association, and its relevance to human rights enforcement and the realization of democracy. 3. RESEARCH METHODS The type of research used to examine the problems is normative legal research that has subject matter of all legal norms (Muhammad, 2004; Sihombing & Lisdiyono, 2018). Soerjono Soekanto (1986) explains the normative legal research covering the research on legal systematics, legal conformity, legal history, and comparative law. Therefore, the discussion on restrictions on freedom of association in Indonesia is focused on the conformity of the rules of law with the existing theories, principles, and legal concepts to uphold democracy and human rights. Legal material to support the discussion of the problems in this study is primary and secondary legal material obtained through literature research. The primary legal materials are the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter abbreviated as the 1945 Constitution), Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights (hereinafter abbreviated as Human Rights Law), Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (hereinafter referred to as the IT Law), and Circular Letter of Chief of Police No. SE/6/X/2015 on Handling Hate Speech. Meanwhile, the secondary legal material sources are books, journals, papers, or other legal scientific works related to the restriction of freedom of speech in Indonesia in term of human rights and democratic state manifestation. Legal materials are collected through literature studies by identifying the sources and the content of the substance, and then inventory those necessary materials. Furthermore, the legal material will be recorded in a small sheet and included in the list of cards arranged systematically according to the focus of the problem studied. The legal material that has been collected through the card list system is qualitative data, which is then analyzed descriptively based on the problems studied. Thus this paper used a descriptive analysis method. 4. THE RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN INDONESIA The state of law is a state concept developed against the tyrannical rule by kings and authoritarian regime caused by the absence of rules and centralization of state power. This has resulted in the frequent occurrence of arbitrary acts of authority that violate the human rights of citizen (Saptomo & Lisdiyono, 2018). Based on this, the law doctrine both of Rechstaats, proposed by Immanuel Kahn, or Rule of Law, proposed by Dicey, prioritize the legality of government, the separation of powers, and the protection of human rights. Of the three elements, the main essence of the rule of law is the protection of the human rights pursued by attempts to limit the power of state authorities so that there is no abuse of power and arbitrary act (Fuady, 2009; Lisdiyono, 2018) editor@iaeme.com
4 Limitations of Freedom of Speech in a Democratic Government: A Contemporary Analysis in Indonesia Case Furthermore, human rights enforcement is a central issue in reform era as people want to be able to participate in government, connect in association, and express opinions easily since these rights were shackled by New Order Era regime. In fact, the right to establish association, assembly and opinion was guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, in the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the protection of the human rights was elaborated in more detail, including Article 28, Article 28A to Article 28J of the 1945 Constitution, as well as spread in several other provisions of the article. Likewise, the rules on freedom of speech regulated in more detail in Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution, in which the state guarantees the freedom of every individual, both orally and in writing, to express his opinion. It is also a mandate of human rights protection as stipulated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations that is further regulated in International Conventions on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Freedom of speech is basically a right and responsibility in the application of democracy in a country. Since the reform and post amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the society experienced euphoria to argue. Moreover freedom of speech can be done both orally and in writing. Moreover, now it is argued to be done not only in print or electronic media, but also on the internet. In the view of Frank William La Rue (2011), the internet is an important medium in the fulfillment of the right of opinion and expression. This view is also supported by Yanuar Nugroho who conveyed that the internet provides an opportunity for every individual to express his opinions and aspirations through unimaginable ways before (Nugroho, et al., 2012; Budiharseno, 2017). Euphoria in enjoying freedom of speech has not been followed by an understanding of the essence in its implementation. Society only focuses on the right to argue and forget the obligations. This can be showed through the many cases of hoaxes and hate speeches conducted through social media. Some cases that become polemic regarding freedom of speech in Indonesia, especially through internet, among others Case of Prita Mulyasari and Omni International Hospital; The writing of Cikeas Octopus book; Case of Islam Blasphemy of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok); and Case of Saracen. These cases became public concerns and broke public opinion. In the case of allegations of religious blasphemy, committed by Ahok during campaigning in the Seribu Island, it became a long polemic due to religious issues, and threatened the diversity of the Indonesian. In addition, the spread of news hoax and hate speech has even become a commodity that is revealed through the existence of Saracen. Therefore, the government considers that there has been a misuse of freedom of speech in Indonesia, and presents a regulation containing restrictions on the freedom of speech right through the IT Act and the Circular Letter of Police Chief on the Handling of Hate Speech. In both legislations there are restrictions on the use of freedom of association that aim to respect the human rights and the obligation to comply with the prevailing laws and regulations (Kurniawan, 2017). In addition, the Circular Letter of Police Chief is also stated that the misuse of freedom of speech into hate speech will lead to collective hatred resulting in the occurrence of exclusion, discrimination, violence, and genocide. Therefore this problem should be handled properly because it can disrupt the principles and diversity of Indonesia. 5. ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY The right to freedom of speech is one of human rights related to self-development and public participation medium in a democratic country government. Freedom of speech as one of civil and political rights can be found in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ICCPR. In both legal instruments described not only the state's obligation to protect the individual rights of freedom of speech, but also the existence of its derogable rights. It shall editor@iaeme.com
5 A.A.A. Ngr. Sri Rahayu Gorda, Ni Nyoman Juwita Arsawati and Putu Eva Ditayani Antari be used limitedly by the obligation to comply with the restrictions imposed by laws and regulations that aims to ensure the recognition and respect for the people rights and freedoms to meet the requirements of the morality, order and general welfare aspects of a democratic society. The restrictions on freedom of speech are further stipulated in the ICCPR. It states that every person is free to provide information of any idea either orally or in writing in the form of artwork or other appropriate media. However, the implementation must be obey the restrictions set by the government as a special obligation and responsibility. The restrictions should be regulated in a legal instrument to respect the public rights and reputations, and to protect national security, public order, health and morals, not only in the instruments of international law but also in the 1945 Constitution, restriction rule on freedom of speech are found. Under Article 28J the use of human rights shall be subject to restrictions established by law and respect for the public human rights. It is also contained in Article 73 of the Law on Human Rights where such restrictions may only be governed by law. Reducing, destroying or eradicating human rights is not allowed as it merely aims to guarantee the recognition and respect of individual fundamental freedom, morals, public order and nation idea. The emerging of Internet as society showcase in freedom of speech encourage the government through the IT Act to establish the limits of public opinion as regulated by Article 28. Freedom of speech is restricted by prohibition to convey false news, which may cause harm or disseminating information with the aim of generating a sense of hatred or hostility towards specific individuals and/or community groups based on Racism issues. The regulation on the use of human rights in the internet media was also recognized at the Asian-European Informal Summit on Human Rights and Information Communication Technology (ICT), in Seoul in 2012, which expressed the urgent need for governance over the Internet protecting human rights. The use of human rights through the internet also requires the awareness and willingness of all parties, both communities and governments, to respect and protect human rights. In addition there must be assurance that the internet is run and developed to meet, protect and promote human rights in the widest possible way so that every individual has an equal role on internet governance for the interests of human rights (Donny, 2012). Various legal instruments that limit freedom of speech are also supported by sanctions in case of violations such as hate speech. To enforce these provisions, the police issued a Circular Letter on Hate Speech. The rule is basically a guideline for the police institution to handle the hate speech cases that potentially divides the Republic of Indonesia. Freedom of speech is guaranteed if it is not classified as hate speech, defamation, provocation, sedition, fake news, and unpleasant deeds that have the impact of violence, social conflict and discrimination. Therefore the police are authorized to perform preventive or repressive efforts through law enforcement in case of hate speech action in various media. Thus it should be understood that the restriction on freedom of speech established by the Indonesian government is not a violation of human rights because it is possible as regulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ICCPR and legislation, in order to guarantee human rights protection and enforcement. The restriction is also required to maintain national security and public order. The existence of restrictions on freedom of speech also does not mean that the government ignores the values of democracy, but the government is aware of the importance of community participation through the freedom of expression that can be accounted for. Furthermore, the government wants the realization of political stability by reducing racist issues that can divide the nation in order to obtain a real democratic state in a heterogeneous society editor@iaeme.com
6 Limitations of Freedom of Speech in a Democratic Government: A Contemporary Analysis in Indonesia Case 6. CONCLUSION The paper concluded that the government imposes restrictions on freedom of speech purely to respect and ensure the protection of human rights, to maintain the state integrity and public order and welfare. Moreover, the restriction is not a threat to democracy, but rather an attempt to create it through responsible public participation in order to establish political stability. For suggestion, the government should socialize the regulation about restriction on freedom of speech so as to reduce negative stigma about authoritarian government in society. The government should convey the restriction reasons for freedom of speech before it is enacted, so that the public can better understand the purpose in order to support state democracy. REFERENCES [1] Abdulkadir, M. (2004). Law and law research (In Indonesian). Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. and plantation companies listed in indonesia stock exchange. Arthatama:Journal of Business Management and Accounting 1(1), [2] Arif, A. (2018). Comparative Study of Law of Impeachment in Various Countries. Asian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 1(1). [3] Budiharseno, R. S. (2017). Factors affecting online buying behavior on g-market site among international students in Busan: A qualitative research. Arthatama: Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 1(1), 1-5. [4] Din, M., Munawarah, Ghozali, I., Achmad, T. (2017). The follow up of auditing results, accountability of financial reporting and mediating effect of financial loss rate: An empirical study in Indonesian local governments. European Research Studies Journal 20(4), [5] Donny B.U. (2012). Freedom of speech and human rights. Retrieved August 29, 2017 from Fuady, M. (2009). The theory of modern law state (Rechtstaat) (In Indonesian). Bandung: Refika Aditama. Kurniawan, R. (2017). Effect of environmental performance on environmental disclosures of manufacturing, mining (In Indonesian). [6] La Rue, F.W. (2011). U.N. report: Internet access is a human right. Retrieved August 28, 2017 from [7] Lisdiyono, E. (2017). Exploring the strength of local wisdom in efforts to ensure the environmental sustainability. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 8(11), [8] Lisdiyono, E. (2018). Investigation of implementation and spatial policy shift: A legal perspective of spatial planning in Semarang City Indonesia. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 13(9), [9] Lisdiyono, E., Suatmiati, S. (2017). Socio-political and economic aspects in legal context. European Research Studies Journal 20(4), [10] Mulyawan, H. (2018). Functions of Financial Services Authority in Supervision of Auto Insurance Companies. Asian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 1(1). [11] Munawarah, Din, M., Zainuddin, F., Muharam, H. (2017). What effects do privatisation policies have on corporate governance of state-owned enterprises?. European Research Studies Journal 20(4), [12] Nugroho, Y. (2012). Mapping the landscape of media industry in contemporary Indonesia. Retrieved August 25, 2017 from editor@iaeme.com
7 A.A.A. Ngr. Sri Rahayu Gorda, Ni Nyoman Juwita Arsawati and Putu Eva Ditayani Antari [13] Prayogo, G. (2018). Bitcoin, Regulation and the importance of National Legal Reform. Asian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 1(1), 1-9. [14] Rokhmad, A., & Susilo, S. (2017). Conceptualizing Authority Of The Legalization Of Indonesian Women s Rights In Islamic Family Law. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 11(2), [15] Saptomo, A., & Lisdiyono, E. (2018). Alternative dispute settlement regarding investment in some Asia pacific countries. European Research Studies Journal 21(2), [16] Siallagan, H., Rohman, A., Januarti, I., Din, M. (2017). The effect of professional commitment, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on whistle blowing intention. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 8(8), pp [17] Sihombing, B.F., & Lisdiyono, E. ( Governance and the role of legal aspects in the fuel pricing in Indonesia International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 8(3), [18] Soekanto, S. (1986). Introduction of law research (In Indonesian). Jakarta: UI-Press, Jakarta. Susilowati, H. (2018). Cybersex in the Criminal Law: A Legal Political Perspective. Asian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 1(1), [19] Wicaksono, A. H. (2018). Reposition of Local Wisdom Based On Pancasila On The Function of the Prosecution of Attorney As A Legal Enforcement Component In Indonesia. Asian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 1(1). [20] Wirawan, A. (2018). Future Direction of the Politics of Law of the Public Service. Asian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 1(1) editor@iaeme.com
RECONSTRUCTION OF SETTING JUDICIAL REVIEW OF LEGAL MATERIAL BY INDONESIA SUPREME COURT
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2018, pp. 727 732, Article ID: IJCIET_09_02_069 Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=2
More informationWORK PERMIT FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN INDONESIA
WORK PERMIT FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN INDONESIA I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, Universitas Warmadewa Denpasar ABSTRACT This study focused on the arrangement of working permit for foreign workers in Indonesia. It
More informationLEGAL POLICY IN PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN SEAFARERS
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2019, pp.444 450, Article ID: IJCIET_10_01_041 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=10&itype=1
More informationINSULT AGAINST PUBLIC OFFICIALS IN SOCIAL MEDIA: THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL DEBATE OVER THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN INDONESIA
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 1059 1065, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_118 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=5
More informationLEGAL IMPACTS OF THE EXISTENCE OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS IN INDONESIA
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 1051 1058, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_117 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=5
More informationArticle Online Version For online version, check: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/iccle
International Conference on Clinical Legal Education, is an International Proceedings and equivalent with scientific journal, published annually by Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia.
More informationRemission for the corruptor (Between the human right and the spririt for eradication corruption)
Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Volume 2, Issue 6 (358-362) DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.26500/jarssh-02-2017-0603 Remission for the corruptor (Between the human right and
More informationFaisal Arif and Galang Prayogo Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Law, Semarang, Indonesia
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2018, pp. 871 882, Article ID: IJCIET_09_04_098 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=4
More informationSOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE
International Journal of Sociological Jurisprudence https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/sjj Volume 1; Issue 1; 2017 DOI: 10.22225/SCJ.1.1.431.62-66 Page: 62 66 SOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE LAW ENFORCEMENT
More informationUrgency of Human Rights Education for Millennial Generation
Urgency of Human Rights Education for Millennial Generation wiwik1300009006@webmail.uad.ac.id Education Management, Ahmad Dahlan University, Indonesia Abstract Freedom demands in the name of human rights
More informationResponse to ANNEX: Questions on best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.
Response to ANNEX: Questions on best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. Filled by Human Right Working Group; Indonesia s NGO Coalition for
More informationCriminal Sanctions Against Publisher of Empty Giro in Polda Jateng Jurisdictions
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Volume 1 No. 2 June 2018 ISSN: 2614-560X Criminal Sanctions Against Publisher of Empty Giro... (Ridha Ari Setyono) Criminal Sanctions Against Publisher of Empty Giro in Polda Jateng
More informationCLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS Nallom Kurniawan 1 *, Luthfi Widagdo Eddyono 2 1 M.H., S.H., Indonesian Constitutional Court, INDONESIA, nalom.mkri@gmail.com
More informationDetermination of a suspect for the candidate of region in election in Indonesia
International Journal of Development and Sustainability ISSN: 2186-8662 www.isdsnet.com/ijds Volume 7 Number 10 (2018): Pages 2476-2485 ISDS Article ID: IJDS18091901 Determination of a suspect for the
More informationANNEX I.39 LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 8 YEAR 1985 CONCERNING SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
ANNEX I.39 LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 8 YEAR 1985 CONCERNING SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS 1 LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 8 YEAR 1985 CONCERNING SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS BY THE GRACE OF GOD
More informationPolitical Education Appropriations Law on the National Development Plan in Indonesia
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 9, Ver. 6 (Sep. 2016) PP 56-60 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Political Education Appropriations Law
More informationANALYSIS OF THE INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM BASED ON THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
ANALYSIS OF THE INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM BASED ON THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Sulardi, Muhammadiyah University Malang Hilaire Tegnan, Andalas University ABSTRACT This study
More informationFormulation of Policy for Cyber Crime in Criminal Law Revision Concept of Bill Book of Criminal Law (A New Penal Code)
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Formulation of Policy for Cyber Crime in Criminal Law Revision Concept of Bill Book of Criminal Law (A New Penal Code) To cite
More informationRights to restitution for child victim of criminal act under government regulation number 43 year 2017
Rights to restitution for child victim of criminal act under government regulation number 43 year 2017 Azmiati Zuliah * and Madiasa Ablisar Doctoral Program in Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera
More informationINDONESIA Recommendations to Indonesia s Development Assistance Partners
INDONESIA Recommendations to Indonesia s Development Assistance Partners Thirty-three Steps Toward the Future of Human Rights in Indonesia As Indonesia enters a major political transition and recovers
More informationUnlicensed Mining as an Alternative Policy: Valuable Experiences in Southeast Sulawesi and East Java
ES Web of Conferences 68, 006 (08) st SRICOENV 08 Unlicensed Mining as an Alternative Policy: Valuable Experiences in Southeast Sulawesi and East Java Ahmad Sudiro, Ahmad Redi,Ade Adhari,and Mardiana Rachman
More informationHuman Resources People and Organisational Development. Freedom of expression and academic freedom
Human Resources People and Organisational Development Freedom of expression and academic freedom MAY 2016 Contents 1 Introduction and purpose... 3 2 Scope... 3 3 Duties and responsibilities... 4 4 Breach
More informationConsidering Centralization Of Judicial Review Authority In Indonesia Constitutional System
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 2, Ver. V (Feb. 2016) PP 26-32 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Considering Centralization Of Judicial
More informationFramework of engagement with non-state actors
SIXTY-SEVENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A67/6 Provisional agenda item 11.3 5 May 2014 Framework of engagement with non-state actors Report by the Secretariat 1. As part of WHO reform, the governing bodies
More informationACT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 14 OF 2008 ON PUBLIC INFORMATION OPENNESS BY THE MERCY OF ALMIGHTY GOD PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,
ACT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 14 OF 2008 ON PUBLIC INFORMATION OPENNESS BY THE MERCY OF ALMIGHTY GOD PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, Whereas: a. information is a basic individual need
More informationTHE KANDY PROGRAM OF ACTION : COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
THE KANDY PROGRAM OF ACTION : COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions Workshop on National Institutions and
More informationPLENARY SESSION FIVE Tuesday, 31 May Rethinking the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) in the Post-Cold War Era
PS 5 (a) PLENARY SESSION FIVE Tuesday, 31 May 2011 Rethinking the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) in the Post-Cold War Era by HASJIM Djalal Director Centre for South East Asian Studies Indonesia
More informationConstitution and Human Rights Provisions in Indonesia: an Unfinished Task in the Transitional Process
Constitution and Human Rights Provisions in Indonesia: an Unfinished Task in the Transitional Process Bivitri Susanti Introduction Indonesia is now facing the important moment of constructing a new foundation
More informationGuidelines Targeting Economic and Industrial Sectors Pertaining to the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. (Tentative Translation)
Guidelines Targeting Economic and Industrial Sectors Pertaining to the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Announcement No. 2 of October 9, 2009 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
More informationLAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 24 OF 2007 CONCERNING DISASTER MANAGEMENT
LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 24 OF 2007 CONCERNING DISASTER MANAGEMENT NATIONAL AGENCY DISASTER MANAGEMENT (BNPB) PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA LAW OF
More informationLegal Protection Against Children Being Victims Of Crimes Prosecution Stage In Kudus
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Volume 1. No. 2 June 2018 ISSN: 2614-560X Legal Protection Against Children Being Victims Of... (Dedy Nurjatmiko) Legal Protection Against Children Being Victims Of Crimes Prosecution
More informationLabor Force Analysis
Southeast Asian Journal of Social and Political Issues, Vol. 1, No. 3, March 2013 318 SEAJ-SPI ISSN 2088-2955 Vol. 1, No. 3 (March 2013):318-327 Labor Force Analysis Asri Laksmi Riani and Muh. Yusuf Ariyadi
More informationGuarding Constitution of Indonesia through the Court. Wasis Susetio Universitas Indonusa Esa Unggul Indonesia
Guarding Constitution of Indonesia through the Court Wasis Susetio Universitas Indonusa Esa Unggul Indonesia I. Introduction Since third amendment of Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (The Republic of Indonesia
More informationCOUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE INTERNET
COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE INTERNET Human rights, democracy and rule of law SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS online The Internet is one of the progressive forces of our age: information and global communication
More informationIndonesia: Middle Income Country in Transition
Indonesia: Middle Income Country in Transition A Special Open Forum and Lunch with Sri Mulyani Indrawati Managing Director, World Bank Former Minister of Finance, Republic of Indonesia February 29, 2012
More information[SYMBOL] PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 24 YEAR 2013 AMENDMENT TO LAW NUMBER 23 YEAR 2006
COPY LAW OF NUMBER 24 YEAR 2013 ON AMENDMENT TO LAW NUMBER 23 YEAR 2006 ON POPULATION ADMINISTRATION WITH THE BLESSING OF THE ONE ALMIGHTY GOD THE, Considering : a. whereas in the context of materializing
More informationPartai Amanat Nasional (National Mandate Party) is a political party that fights for popular sovereignty, democracy, progress, and social justice.
Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party), Indonesia, 1999,"Translated for the Islamic Political Party Platform Project, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, http://kurzman.unc.edu/islamic-parties,
More informationThe Description of Unfair Competition under the Current Legislation of the Russian Federation
Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 21; 2015 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Description of Unfair Competition under the Current Legislation of
More informationLAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 6 OF 2014 CONCERNING VILLAGE BY THE GRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
COPY LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 6 OF 2014 CONCERNING VILLAGE BY THE GRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, Considering : a. that Village has the rights of origin
More informationInvestigation of Corruption for Government Goods and Services Procurement: A Police Perspective
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 5, Ver. 10 (May. 2017) PP 3-7 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Investigation of Corruption for Government
More informationREVITALIZING SOCIAL SANCTIONS OF CUSTOMARY LAW TO ERODE PERMISSIVISM TOWARD CORRUPT BEHAVIOR IN SOCIETY 1
REVITALIZING SOCIAL SANCTIONS OF CUSTOMARY LAW TO ERODE PERMISSIVISM TOWARD CORRUPT BEHAVIOR IN SOCIETY 1 Firman Freaddy Busroh Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda firmanbusroh@gmail.com ARTICLE INFORMATION
More informationUNESCO INTERNET STUDY: Privacy and journalists sources
UNESCO INTERNET STUDY: Privacy and journalists sources RESEARCH CONCEPT DOCUMENT Under the project Promoting an Enabling Environment for Freedom of Expression: Global Action with Special Focus on the Arab
More informationKingsley Abbott s speech at the Asia News Network s (ANN) international symposium on upcoming elections in Asia, 16 March 2018
Kingsley Abbott s speech at the Asia News Network s (ANN) international symposium on upcoming elections in Asia, 16 March 2018 Just a few days ago, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights summarized
More informationELUCIDATION OF LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 8 YEAR 2010 CONCERNING PREVENTION AND ERADICATION THE CRIME OF MONEY LAUNDERING
ELUCIDATION OF LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 8 YEAR 2010 CONCERNING PREVENTION AND ERADICATION THE CRIME OF MONEY LAUNDERING I. GENERAL In general, the perpetrators endeavor to hide or disguise
More informationINTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS (ICOM) - Statutes
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS (ICOM) - Statutes As amended and adopted by the Extraordinary General Assembly on 9 th June 2017 (Paris, France) Introduction... 2 Article 1. Name, Legal Status, Location,
More informationJUDICIAL SYSTEM MONITORING PROGRAMME PROGRAMA MONITORIZASAUN BA SISTEMA JUDICIAL JSMP REPORT DRAFT LAW 29/I/ 3A FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND DEMONSTRATION
JUDICIAL SYSTEM MONITORING PROGRAMME PROGRAMA MONITORIZASAUN BA SISTEMA JUDICIAL JSMP REPORT DRAFT LAW 29/I/ 3A FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND DEMONSTRATION Dili, Timor Leste October 2004 The Judicial System
More informationAKHILESH TRIVEDI PREPAREDNESS OF SMES TOWARDS AEC : A CASE STUDY OF TRAVEL AGENTS IN BANGKOK
AKHILESH TRIVEDI Faculty of Hospitality Industry, Dusit Thani College, Thailand PREPAREDNESS OF SMES TOWARDS AEC : A CASE STUDY OF TRAVEL AGENTS IN BANGKOK Abstract: This paper is a survey research conducted
More informationCombating Corruption in a Decentralized Indonesia EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Decentralization and corruption in Indonesia. A year after regional autonomy entered into force in 2001, a wave of corruption cases swept across Indonesia s newly empowered regional parliaments.
More informationQuestionnaire on the use of legislation, including criminal legislation, to regulate the activities and work of human rights defenders
Questionnaire on the use of legislation, including criminal legislation, to regulate the activities and work of human rights defenders Submitted by KONTRAS (The Commission for the Disappeared and Victims
More informationKPK Authority Review in the Impact of Corruption Eradication
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 8, Ver. I (August. 2017) PP 88-92 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org KPK Authority Review in the Impact
More informationLAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 24 OF 2007 CONCERNING DISASTER MANAGEMENT
LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 24 OF 2007 CONCERNING DISASTER MANAGEMENT NATIONAL AGENCY DISASTER MANAGEMENT (BNPB) PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA LAW OF
More informationDealing with Difference/Antagonism: Pancasila in the Post-Suharto Indonesia
Conference Paper ISA Global South Causus 2015, Singapore Dealing with Difference/Antagonism: Pancasila in the Post-Suharto Indonesia Agus Wahyudi, Gadjah Mada University Background This study is an exploration
More informationRESOLVING CONFLICT MULTICULTURAL INDONESIA SOCIETY THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIATION
RESOLVING CONFLICT MULTICULTURAL INDONESIA SOCIETY THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIATION H. Firman Freaddy Busroh *) Email: firmanbusroh@gmail.com Abstract Indonesia is a nation of many islands in which there are traditional
More informationThe armed group calling itself Islamic State (IS) has reportedly claimed responsibility. 2
AI Index: ASA 21/ 8472/2018 Mr. Muhammad Syafii Chairperson of the Special Committee on the Revision of the Anti-Terrorism Law of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia House of People
More informationPOLICY FOR PRESERVATION OF DOCUMENTS. SRS LIMITED (Adopted on )
POLICY FOR PRESERVATION OF DOCUMENTS SRS LIMITED (Adopted on 01.12.2015) POLICY FOR PRESERVATION OF DOCUMENTS In compliance with Regulation 9 of the Securities Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations
More informationMore sustainable hunger eradication and poverty reduction in Vietnam
More sustainable hunger eradication and poverty reduction in Vietnam Vu Van Ninh* Eliminating hunger, reducing poverty, and improving the living conditions of the poor is not just a major consistent social
More informationREVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL JURIDICAL CRIME AGAINST THEFT WITH VIOLENCE. Achmad Sulchan, Afrida Adzfar TR
CRIME AGAINST THEFT WITH VIOLENCE Faculty of Law UNISSULA ach.sulchan@unissula.ac.id Abstract In the implementation of law enforcement does not always correspond with what is written in the legislation.
More informationLegal Politic of Gender Responsive Election System (A Concept)
Legal Politic of Gender Responsive Election System (A Concept) Ristina Yudhanti 1*, Adi Sulistiyono 1, Isharyanto 1 1 Doctoral of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract. The discourse
More informationExistence of the Policy Function in Enforcing Law of Traffic Crime on the Application of Progressive Law (Study in South Sulawesi Province)
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 24, Issue 2, Ver. 6 (Feb. 2019) 22-27 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Existence of the Policy Function in Enforcing
More informationPreamble. The Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (hereinafter referred to in this Agreement as the Parties ),
IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 12 OF THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES FOR
More informationAsia Europe Cooperation Framework 2000 Seoul 21 October 2000
I. Introduction Asia Europe Cooperation Framework 2000 Seoul 21 October 2000 1. At the inaugural Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) in Bangkok on 1-2 March 1996, all participants agreed to work together to create
More informationMINISTER OF INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA DECREE NO: CONCERNING
MINISTER OF INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA DECREE NO: CONCERNING OBLIGATIORY APPLICATION OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL STANDARD (SNI) TO FOOD AND DRINK UTENSILS MADE OF MELAMINE BY THE GRACE OF ONE GOD
More informationA MONOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS
BOOK REVIEW A MONOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS Marţian Iovan Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Romania In contemporary societies where production, merchandise circulation
More informationDavid Adams UNESCO. From the International Year to a Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence
International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction Vol. II, No. 1, December 2000, 1-10 From the International Year to a Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence David Adams UNESCO The General Assembly
More informationHAUT-COMMISSARIAT AUX DROITS DE L HOMME OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS PALAIS DES NATIONS 1211 GENEVA 10, SWITZERLAND
HAUT-COMMISSARIAT AUX DROITS DE L HOMME OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS PALAIS DES NATIONS 1211 GENEVA 10, SWITZERLAND Mandates of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection
More informationLEGAL ARRANGEMENT IN THE CRIMINAL ACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
LEGAL ARRANGEMENT IN THE CRIMINAL ACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING Muhammad Natsir, University of Mataram Nanda Ivan Natsir, University of Mataram ABSTRACT Human trafficking is a violation against human rights
More informationThe Board of Commissioners Work Guidelines PT. INTERMEDIA CAPITAL, Tbk. ( Company )
The Board of Commissioners Work Guidelines PT. INTERMEDIA CAPITAL, Tbk. ( Company ) I. Introduction The Board of Commissioners Work Guidelines ( BoC Work Guidelines ) is part of Company s Good Corporate
More informationGRADE 12 / GOVERNMENT - ECONOMICS
GRADE 12 / GOVERNMENT - ECONOMICS (1) History The student understands major political ideas and forms of government in history The student is expected to: (A) explain major political ideas in history such
More informationREGULATION OF MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. NO. 03/Permentan/OT.140/1/2012 CONCERNING
REGULATION OF MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NO. 03/Permentan/OT.140/1/2012 CONCERNING HORTICULTURE PRODUCT IMPORT RECOMMENDATION WITH THE GRACE OF THE ALMIGHTY GOD THE MINISTER OF
More informationReviewing the Whole Question of UN Peacekeeping Operations
Reviewing the Whole Question of UN Peacekeeping Operations Topic Background United Nations Peacekeeping Operations are rooted in Chapter VII of the United Nations charter, adopted at the birth of the organization,
More informationSeparate Filing (Splitsing) In Criminal Case Management
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Volume 1 No. 2 June 2018 ISSN: 2614-560X (Hidayat Abdulah) 1. Introduction Hidayat Abdulah 1 Abstract. In the implementation of the criminal case handling a lot of things that can be
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/30106 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Wiratraman, Herlambang Perdana Title: Press freedom, law and politics in Indonesia
More informationThe Influence Of Globalization In Developing Arbitration As A E-Commerce Dispute Resolution In Indonesia
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 Volume 6 Issue 8 Ver. I ǁ 2018 ǁ PP. 12-17 The Influence Of Globalization In Developing
More informationApplication Of The Miranda Principle In Terms Of Presenting The Legal Counsel For Criminal Suspects In Indonesia
Volume 1 Issue 1, September 2016: pp. 051-059. Copyright 2016 PALAU. Faculty of Law, Pattimura University, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia. p-issn: 2527-7308 e-issn: 2527-7316. Open Access At : http://fhukum.unpatti.ac.id/jurnal/index.php?journal=palau
More informationDesign of Social Justice In Administrative Courts
Design of Social Justice In Administrative Courts Indriati Amarini 1* 1 Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia Abstract. This study attempts to discover that an administrative
More informationInternal Regulations. Table of Contents
Table of Contents SECTION 1. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES... 1 SECTION 2. MEMBERSHIP AND EXTERNAL ORGANIZATIONS... 1 2.1 General Membership Requirements for Full and Associate Members... 1 2.2 Full Members...
More informationU.S.-Indonesia and U.S.-Malaysia Relations in the Trump Era
americanprogress.org U.S.-Indonesia and U.S.-Malaysia Relations in the Trump Era June 5, 2017 Since President Donald Trump took office, East Asia has rapidly emerged as one of both his and his foreign
More informationJOINT DECREE OF BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF PT BANK TABUNGAN NEGARA (PERSERO) Tbk. No. 01/DEKOM-BTN/2016 AND
JOINT DECREE OF BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF PT BANK TABUNGAN NEGARA (PERSERO) Tbk No. 01/DEKOM-BTN/2016 AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF PT BANK TABUNGAN NEGARA (PERSERO) Tbk NUMBER: SKB-01/DIR-BTN/2016 CONCERNING
More informationMOTION FOR A RESOLUTION
European Parliament 2014-2019 Plenary sitting B8-0428/2017 13.6.2017 MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION with request for inclusion in the agenda for a debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the
More informationThe Nature of Justice to Implement Nationality Principle in the Agrarian Law
The Nature of Justice to Implement Nationality Principle in the Agrarian Law Asmarani Ramli 1 Aminuddin Salle 2 Marwati Riza 3 Farida Patittingi 3 1.PhD student, Postgraduate Hasanuddin University and
More informationPolice Role In The Process Of Penal Mediation
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Volume 1 Issue 3 September 2018 ISSN: 2614-560X (Agus Triatmoko) 1. Introduction Agus Triatmoko 1 and Anis Mashdurohatun 2 Abstract. Penal mediation settlement of criminal cases into
More informationTHE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE INI INCREASING; ABOR S ECONOMY AT PT NUSANTARA IV TOBASARI SIMALUNGUN REGENCY
THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE INI INCREASING; ABOR S ECONOMY AT PT NUSANTARA IV TOBASARI SIMALUNGUN REGENCY Pasu Malau pasumalauusi@gmail.com The Student Doctoral Program in Law Science, UNISSULA ABSTRACT The
More informationLAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 11 OF 2010 CONCERNING CULTURAL CONSERVATION BY THE MERCY OF THE ONE SUPREME GOD
LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 11 OF 2010 CONCERNING CULTURAL CONSERVATION BY THE MERCY OF THE ONE SUPREME GOD THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, Considering : a. that the cultural conservation
More informationThe freedom of expression and the free flow of information on the Internet
Policy statement The Digital Economy The freedom of expression and the free flow of information on the Internet Contents Business strongly supports the freedom of expression and free flow of information
More informationExemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Geography Level 2
Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Geography Level 2 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard 91246 Explain aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale An annotated exemplar
More informationIndonesia's Foreign Policy
Asia Rising Indonesia's Foreign Policy Dr Welcome to Asia Rising, the podcast of La Trobe Asia where we discuss the news, views and general happenings of Asian states and societies. It's been more than
More information1 APRIL Law on Takeover Bids
1 APRIL 2007 Law on Takeover Bids (Belgian Official Gazette, 26 April 2007) (Unofficial consolidated text) Last update: Law of 17 July 2013 (Belgian Official Gazette, 6 August 2013) This unofficial consolidated
More informationConstitution Of the M I N N E S O T A C R I C K E T A S S O C I A T I O N
Constitution Of the M I N N E S O T A C R I C K E T A S S O C I A T I O N Published by the Minnesota Cricket Association Adopted, Revised, and Amended 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS: ARTICLE 1: NAME AND JURISDICTION...
More informationAsia-Pacific to comprise two-thirds of global middle class by 2030, Report says
Strictly embargoed until 14 March 2013, 12:00 PM EDT (New York), 4:00 PM GMT (London) Asia-Pacific to comprise two-thirds of global middle class by 2030, Report says 2013 Human Development Report says
More informationNETCARE LIMITED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY POLICY NUMBER COR12 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PREPARED BY PREPARATION DATE JUNE 2014
NETCARE LIMITED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE POLICY POLICY NUMBER COR12 PREPARED BY APPROVED BY CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PREPARATION DATE JUNE 2014 ISSUE DATE FEBRUARY 2017 REVISION DATE FEBRUARY
More informationTORTIOUS LIABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION FAILURES: AN ANALYSIS OF LAW ON CONSTRUCTION SERVICES IN INDONESIA
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2018, pp. 883 890, Article ID: IJCIET_09_04_099 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=4
More informationHow Important Are Labor Markets to the Welfare of Indonesia's Poor?
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized S /4 POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1665 How Important Are Labor Markets to the Welfare
More informationUNESCO Work Plan on Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
DRAFT UNESCO Work Plan on Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity Contents: 1. Introduction 2. The UNESCO Work Plan 2.1 Objective, outputs and strategic themes 2.2 Action lines 2.3 Review 3. Background
More informationAn Effective Supervision Model of a Standard Clause for Consumer Protection in the Business Transactions
HALREV Volume 3 Issue 1, April 2017: pp. 036-048. Copyright 2015-2017 HALREV. Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. ISSN: 2442-9880 e-issn: 2442-9899. Open Access
More informationThe protection of cultural property in Romania is ensured through an extensive and complex normative system (Annex I).
National report on measures taken for the implementation of the provisions of the 1954 Hague Convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict I. General remarks The protection
More informationIMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS ON INVESTIGATORS WHO COMMIT VIOLENCE IN THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS AT KUDUS POLICE STATION
IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS ON INVESTIGATORS WHO COMMIT VIOLENCE IN THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS AT KUDUS POLICE STATION Fenny Wulandary Fennyyudhistira@gmai.com Post Graduate Law Study Program Sultan Agung University
More informationLawyer s Responsibility For Clients And The State
Lawyer s Responsibility For Clients And The State Semy B. A. Latunussa, H. M. Said Karim, Sukarno Aburaera, Maasba Magassing Abstract: The existence of lawyer profession in Indonesia is legitimated in
More informationChair s Summary on the Seventh ASEM Conference on Counter-Terrorism Manila, Philippines June 2009
Chair s Summary on the Seventh ASEM Conference on Counter-Terrorism Manila, Philippines 22-23 June 2009 1. The 7th ASEM Conference on Counter-Terrorism was held in Manila, Philippines on 22-23 June 2009.
More informationImplementation Of Decisions And Obstacles Administrative Court - Implementation Obstacles
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Volume 1. No. 2 June 2018 ISSN: 2614-560X Implementation Of Decisions And Obstacles Administrative... (Hasto Sasmito) Implementation Of Decisions And Obstacles Administrative Court
More informationTHE PRIME MINISTER HEREBY DECIDES:
THE PRIME MINISTER No: 286/2006/QĐ-TTg THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence Freedom Happiness Hanoi, 27 December, 2006 DECISION on the Issuance of the National Program for the Promotion of Foreign
More information