What Future Do We Want for Peru?

Transcription

1 PNUD What Future Do We Want for Peru? The National Consultation Process for the Post Development Agenda

2 Presentation of the Report Participation and Consensus: the Keys to Achieving a Post 2015 Agenda In the year 2000, nearly 190 countries from the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Millennium Declaration, and committed themselves to achieve eight Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership for development. Since then, on a global level, there have been important efforts in reducing poverty, hunger, diseases and illiteracy, among others. World poverty has been reduced by half. During the last decade, Peru has made significant progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In some cases the targets have been reached earlier than expected. In others, hard work is being done to achieve them by the year 2015, the deadline fixed in the Millennium Declaration (2000). The third National Report of the MDG- Achievement 2013, published alongside this report, describes and analyzes such tendencies, as well as the factors that have determined progress and some difficulties. While MDG progress towards 2015 is intended to be accelerated, a pertinent question arises: What will happen afterwards? The United Nations has been promoting a comprehensive, global, and inclusive process of reflection on what framework for development should be adopted after 2015 (the Post 2015 Development Agenda ), based on the principles established in the Millennium Declaration of At the same time that the MDG frame s strengths are identified, there is an intention to incorporate the lessons learned and to carry out broader consultations on priorities for the future. In light of lessons learned following the MDGs, one of the decisions for the determination of the new global frame is that this be product of a broadly participative process that recognizes the national and sub-national specificities. It must also include the voices of social actors, specifically those who have been traditionally excluded from the decisions on the development agenda. In this context, the national consultations on the post 2015 development agenda carried out in all of the regions of the world have been key aspects to this progress since Peru is one of the 50 countries selected to conduct these consultations, with the financing of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The consultation process was carried out alongside the Peruvian government, and included the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (MIDIS), APCI, CEPLAN and institutions of the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations. In the same way, there has been collaboration with institutions that linked the process with organized civil society, like the Roundtable for Poverty Reduction (MCLCP). 1

3 Between 2012 and 2013, broad consultations have been carried out in every region of the world, involving government, civil society, the private sector, academic entities and investigation institutions, as well as a great number of organisms that form part of the United Nations system. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador are some of the neighbor countries that have carried out these processes. These national consultations are complemented by eleven global thematic consultations (about inequities, governance, growth and employment, health, education, environmental sustainability, food security and nutrition, conflict and fragility, population dynamics, energy and water). There is also an on-line platform that allows people from all over the world to express their opinions. A key element in the formulation of the new post 2015 framework is the General Secretary s High Level Panel on Post 2015 Development, which includes government leaders and members of civil society and the private sector. The panel has been elaborating a bold but practical vision on development to present to the General Secretary, so that he can include it in the report to be considered by the Member States of the UN in September of This report presents the main results of the national consultation called What Future Do We Want for Peru? that concluded in April of Following the global guidelines for the consultations, this process has been conceived and implemented with special attention to the participation and inclusion of those whom are normally not consulted in defining strategies of development and public policies. From the United Nations system in Peru, we hope that the results of the consultations constitute not only an input for the global process for the definition of the development agenda after 2015, led by General Secretary Ban Ki-moon, but also a valuable contribution to the planning processes and vision of the future that the country has underway, on behalf of the state as well as civil society and the private sector. Also, it may become a valuable intake for the favorable positioning of the country in global development processes. Rebeca Arias Resident Coordinator United Nations System in Peru 2

4 The great value of National Consultations In order to identify priorities and visions of various groups and communities that are not normally surveyed, a consultation process involving men and women of all ages and from different regions of Peru was conducted. Leaders and experts were then called together to analyze the results of those consultations. The national consultations included various groups throughout the country, such as women of African-descent and Indigenous women of the Amazon and High Andes; boy and girls; persons with disabilities; local leaders and representatives of grass-root organizations; persons living with HIV/AIDS; male and female youth; housekeepers; and several other groups. Regional and local leaders of all departments in the country were included to discuss progress and achievements of the Millennium Development Goals, as well as local and national priorities Post Finally, leaders and experts at the national level were presented the results of the first two consultation stages. Based on those results, leaders were able to propose priorities for all Peruvians within the Post-2015 development framework. Governance and the structure of the process The national consultations in Peru were implemented between October 2012 and April 2013 by the United Nations Country Team under the leadership of the Office of the Resident Coordinator (RC). Under the logic of national ownership, the main partner of the UN System is the Government of Peru; in this context, the president of the Council of Ministers appointed the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (MIDIS) as the government counterpart responsible for coordinating government participation in the process. Under the principles of participation and inclusion, and with an emphasis on actors that usually cannot access discussions on development, civil society partners and other sectors were also partnered with in this process. The objectives set out by the national consultation process in Peru, were to contribute in a substantive manner to: 1) The construction of the country's position with respect to the post-2015 development agenda at national and global levels; 2) The country's position in the overall development process. It was also stated that the results of the consultations could be a valuable contribution for concerted planning processes underway in the country, and that the process itself would contribute to the consolidation of participatory planning practices and the vision for the future. In addition to MIDIS, who is the main government counterpart in the process, other state actors were involved in the consultative process through the advisory committee including the Peruvian 3

5 Agency for International Cooperation (APCI), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MINRREE), the National Center for Strategic Planning (CEPLAN), the National Institute for Statistics and Information (INEI), the general assembly of regional governments (ANGR), the National Accord (AN), and the roundtable for the fight against poverty (MCLCP) as a space for dialogue between civil society and state. The governance structure also provided for private sector participation through the Confederation of Private Business (CONFIEP). From the beginning of the consultation, it was sought to integrate civil society networks -and organizations, as well as other sectors in local and regional levels. Design and Validation of the Proposal The preliminary design of the national consultation, produced by the Office of the Resident Coordinator and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), was presented and discussed at the meeting of the Steering Committee and Advisory Committee on October 24, Based on the United Nations comprehensive guidelines for consultations, as well as on national experiences gained during the consultations on development goals with the participation of the state and civil society, a short, participatory and inclusive process is recommended. The results of the national consultations have been presented to leaders and experts in order for them to identify and propose national priorities in a new global framework post-2015 development. More than 700 people participated in more than 60 national consultations. Working together with partners from civil society and other sectors, this consultation process allowed actors who usually have no access to debates on development to participate. Inclusion has been fundamental. With the support of UN partners, state, and civil society actors, three distinct groups will be consulted on the priorities for long-term development, with 2030 as a reference. Also, where relevant, they will be asked to assess the progress and impact of the MDGs from their particular perspective. Among the most important aspects that mark the Advisory Committee and which were incorporated into the design of the consultation are: Distinguishing in practice, two major complementary objectives of the consultations: Produce concrete, binding, and agreed upon results that can be presented as a proposal of the country for the Agenda Post Promote a process of dialogue about development goals that constitutes a support to existing planning processes, including the update of the Bicentennial Plan of CEPLAN. 4

6 Prioritize participation of vulnerable populations, beginning the national consultations on Post-2015 with representatives of these groups. Subsequently, take the results of those consultations to the forums of leaders and experts at the national level (Lima) as key input to guide the dialogue. The new Post-2015 framework has been developed on the base of the principles established in the Millennium Declaration in the year Do not exclude development topics before beginning the consultations; rather allow for the prioritization of development goals to come up in meetings, surveys, and consultations with leaders and experts. However, it will be important to provide a framework for reference in order to guide the dialogue. Main Partners in the Consultation Process In addition to MIDIS, the main government counterpart, other state actors joined through the Advisory Committee. The private sector participated through CONFIEP. 5

7 Three groups of actors were consulted on development priorities for the year 2030 Group 1 was shaped by Peruvians who are usually excluded from decision-making processes and development consultations in the country, including grassroots groups and vulnerable populations, in both rural and urban areas. This is a group that is generally unfamiliar with the framework of the Millennium Development Goals. To involve this group a methodology of short, participatory workshops was proposed. These workshops aimed to facilitate the defining of prioritized themes for long-term development in participants respective communities, and to draft a desirable development scenario for the year Group 2 integrated leaders (of regional and local governments, civil society, and the private sector) and experts that operate at the regional level around the country. They have influence on policies and public opinion at the sub-national level, but they have generally not been consulted or participated in a substantive manner in decision making processes regarding development goals in the country since the year They are moderately familiar with the processes of the MDGs. Consultations were proposed in processes led by the Roundtable for Poverty Reduction (MCLCP) through workshops that would include issues related to the framework of the MDGs and post perspectives. Group 3 consisted of leaders (from central government, civil society, international cooperation, and the private sector) and experts who are familiar with the global framework of the MDGs and shape opinions and decisions at the national level. These are actors who have generally been involved in debates and decision making-processes on development issues in the country since 2000, but they have not necessarily taken into consideration the input of other groups. Taking into consideration the support of the Advisory Committee, three stages of consultations were established, each directed at one of the three groups of priority actors: Stage 1 November 2012 Stage 2 January 2013 Stage 3 March

8 The team of the Office of the Resident Coordinator and UNDP coordinated with the entities that offered to facilitate local consultations with vulnerable populations. The agencies that supported UNDP and the ORC included UN Women, who contributed significant financial support and helped coordinate consultations with women in Junín, Piura, Puno, and Lima; UNICEF helped coordinate consultations with vulnerable groups in Ayacucho, Loreto, and Callao; UNAIDS and PAHO/ WHO organized and implemented joint consultations with sexual diversity groups and persons affected by HIV living in Lima and Loreto. In November 2012, the first stage of consultations began, followed by the second stage in January. With a workshop on March 18, 2013 the third and final stage was opened. Listening to the Voices of the most Vulnerable Populations For this report it was critical to listen to the citizens who are often not heard. Thus, between November 2012 and January 2013, 52 workshops for dialogue with populations living in poverty and / or vulnerability were conducted. They identified their priorities and desired development scenarios for These workshops, lasting an average duration of three to four hours, promoted the vision of building long-term development and directly involved a total of 595 people. Workshops were conducted in the regions of Loreto (Padre Cocha Iquitos), Junín (Satipo), Ayacucho (Ayacucho and Huamanguilla), Piura (Yapatera), Puno (Juliaca), Lima (Lima Metropolitana, Ventanilla, and Végueta), and included urban areas and rural areas. See map. The main partners in the organization of the workshops were UNDP, UNICEF, UN Women UNAIDS and PAHO / WHO. Workshops were also coordinated with UNFPA and ILO. At the government level, organizers worked with the 7

9 National Youth Secretariat (SENAJU) and the National Council for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities (CONADIS). Numerous local grassroots organizations, whose representatives participated in the workshops, as well as the National Organization of Andean and Amazonian Indigenous Women (ONAMIAP), were also involved. The groups involved in the consultations coordinated with UNICEF were children, youth, women, parents, community leaders, and representatives of grassroots organizations. In the case of workshops sponsored by UN Women, women and local female leaders, indigenous populations and high-andean, Amazonian, Afrodescendants, and trade union representatives were involved. In the case of the workshops organized by UNAIDS and PAHO / WHO, men and women living with HIV, sexual diversity populations [transgender, men who have sex with men (MSM)] and vulnerable groups, such as sex workers and people affected by tuberculosis, were involved. Finally, UNFPA and SENAJU organized two workshops with young leaders from Metropolitan Lima and CONADIS a workshop with representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities. 8

10 Development topics that were prioritized in Stage 1: The thematic agenda from the first stage of the consultation process was defined by the participants, and the facilitation merely suggested a long list (70-75 items) of possible topics and keywords to encourage brainstorming. It was sought to make the list relatively extensive, as not to limit or predetermine participants choices. In most workshops participants suggested additional topics and modified existing topics according to their particular perspectives. No limit was set for the range of issues that could be discussed and prioritized by the workshop participants. They also did not imposed precise definitions to the suggested topics. Rather, in the plenary discussion following a "brainstorming" in each workshop, facilitators asked participants to indicate how they understood each item detail. On this basis, various factors were grouped into clusters, with the approval of the participants. For example, early childhood education, computers in schools and literacy were grouped under "education", which could then receive more accurate name by the group ("quality education" in some cases). The priority issues were not precisely defined or exclusive. Each workshop sought to order the specific issues in the context of larger issues; however, the approach of each group to each subject always had particular shades. In some cases there are inevitable overlaps, as in environmental aspects and water. Topics Prioritized in Stage 1 In this phase of the consultation many different topics were discussed. From that great variety, the twelve most frequently mentioned were discussed from different angles. 1. Education Prioritized 47 times Primary, secondary, tertiary education; technical capacitation; educational infrastructure; quality; intercultural education; role of teachers; role of families; education of values. 2. Health prioritized 46 times Mental health; quality of health personnel; reproductive health; intercultural aspects of health; cost and availability of medication; access to services; universal insurance. 3. Environment prioritized 25 times Waste; preservation policies; sustainability; pollution; reforestation; biodiversity. 9

11 4. Security prioritized 23 times Violence; violence in families; common criminality; use and trade of drugs; role of the police; gang-issues. 5. Employment prioritized 20 times Labor rights/ conditions; equal opportunities; employment-generating policies; SMEs; stability of employment. 6. Water and Sanitation prioritized 17 times Care for sources of water; sanitation; access and quality; pollution. 7. Human Rights prioritized 14 times - Equality of rights; discrimination against the poorest in public services and employment; racial and ethnic discrimination. 8. Governance prioritized 14 times Quality of authorities and politicians; participation; eradication of corruption in local and regional governments; access to the authorities. 9. Gender equality prioritized 10 times Gender identity; gender quotas; equal opportunities for women; dialogue between genders. 10. Housing prioritized 9 times- Access to dignified housing; overcrowding; public works, financing. 10

12 11. Values and Cultural Identity prioritized 8 times Formation of values; cultural identity; conscience of identities; rescue of traditional values; traditional knowledge. 12. Food Security prioritized 8 times Nutrition; alimentation; social programmes. More specifically, and disaggregating by groups of respondents in Stage 1, among younger participants (179 children and others under 25 years of age), the issues most often prioritized were: Education, Environmental Sustainability and Water, Health, Safety, Employment, and Sixth, a tie between Family and Technology. It should be noted that the methodology was modified to accommodate the workshops with children, being more flexible and not always producing six priority issues. The 382 female participants prioritized: Health, Education, Environment, Safety, Employment and Governance. The 189 male participants most often prioritized: Education, Health, Safety, Environment, Water and Sanitation, and Employment. There were also some differences between the priority issues in urban and rural areas. In rural areas, there was more attention paid to basic services, such as: Education, Health, Environment, Security, Energy and Water and Sanitation. Meanwhile, in urban areas issues were prioritized in this order: Health, Education, Safety, Environment, Employment and Human Rights. Finally, local leaders and representatives of grassroots organizations most often prioritized: Education and Health (tie), Security, Jobs, Water and sanitation, and environment. Cross-cutting Themes in Discussions and Scenarios for2030. The discussion at each workshop had a richness that can hardly be seen through averages and quantifications. Reports of each event will be available online on the websites of the United Nations System in Peru ( to analyze the results of this stage of the consultation more closely. However, it is worth noting the cross-cutting worries of all groups and the issues prioritized. Cultural identity was a cross-cutting issue in workshops with vulnerable populations. Although not among the six most prioritized (but among the six following), multiculturalism, non-discrimination and sensitivity to different cultural patterns were almost always mentioned in discussions about education and health, the two priority issues. This is shown in the parentheses in the aggregate and specific ranking. Similarly, adaptation to different cultural realities was a central issue when discussing education, health, nutrition, and food security in meetings with subnational decision 11

13 makers. An additional item mentioned in some of the consultations was the need to maintain the commitment to the millennium development goals that, come 2015, have not been achieved. Additionally, the issue of corruption in the public sector (mainly referring to illegal charges and misuse of public funds) was a very important transversal concern, although not among the six most prioritized issues. It frequently arose when discussing the access and quality of basic services (education, health, water, electricity, etc.) and when discussing issues of governance and security. Identification of Key Actors Overall, the Peruvians living in poverty and / or vulnerability who were consulted about which actors are essential to achieving the desired improvements in the long term, often mentioned local and regional government authorities as central, despite often expressing skepticism about their capabilities and intentions. On many other occasions they also identified communities or families as crucial to achieving the desired goals and objectives, and in many cases emphasized the role of non-governmental organizations and international cooperation as drivers of positive change and creators of capacity in the various communities of Peru. In contrast, among Peruvians in poverty and / or vulnerability, private companies have rarely been identified as major players in development, with the exception of small and micro enterprises, which are often seen as potential vehicles out of poverty and exclusion. Priorities by Gender Women: 1. Health; 2. Education; 3. Environment; 4. Security; 5. Employment; 6. Governance Men: 1. Education; 2. Health; 3. Security; 4. Environment; 5. Water and Sanitation; 6. Employment Priorities of local leaders 1. Health and Education; 2. Security; 3. Employment; 4. Water and Sanitation; 5. Environment Priorities by area Urban: 1. Education; 2. Health; 3. Environment; 4. Security; 5. Energy; 6. Water and Sanitation Rural: 1. Health; 2. Education; 3. Security; 4. Environment; 5. Employment; 6. Human Rights 12

14 Interregional Encounters Opportunities and Expectations of a Development Agenda Following the consultations with vulnerable populations, leaders and experts at the regional level participated in the second stage of the process. They reflected on the progress made in terms of the MDGs and proposed pri orities for the Post-2015 framework during six interregional encounters, which were organized in conjunction with the MCLCP (Roundtable for Poverty Reduction). Dialogue meetings between leaders and experts, developed with the support of the UN System and other organizations, were the main component of this stage. Between January 28 and February 13, 2013, ideas were debated and solutions were proposed in six interregional encounters. In addition to the interregional encounters, two complimentary consultations were held with groups that are not normally included in development dialogue processes and an initial online survey for development planners (convened by CEPLAN). The first step of this stage was the online-survey directed at decision-makers in the country in December These yielded 123 responses from persons working with the state, civil society, and the private sector regarding their perceptions on the MDGs and perspectives for the Post-2015 agenda. Then, the first complementary workshop was held in Lima with female Amazonian leaders of regional organizations across the country, in collaboration with the Regional Articulation Amazon (ARA) network and the NGO Law Environment and Natural Resources (DAR). The second, a workshop with 17 religious leaders of different faiths, was held in Lima in collaboration with the Interfaith Council of Peru. Places where interregional encounters took place In the six meetings with leaders and experts issues to design a post-2015 agenda were identified. 13

15 Interregional Encounters The goals expresses in the interregional encounters were: achieve a balance between the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development framework, and identify themes to be included in the Post-2015 agenda. The process of the interregional encounters had two phases. The preliminary phase was developed in the space of regional consultation tables, where each of the 26 regions of the country made a review on the 8 MDGs and their progress. The interregional encounters constituted the second phase of this consultation stage, and they were held in Arequipa, Chiclayo, Cusco, Huancayo, Lima, y Tarapoto; MDG reports were shared by each region and joint reflections between state and civil society regarding the factors that contributed and which limited the progress of MDGs in the region were made at the meeting. In addition to the UN and MCLCP, another key partner in this portion of the consultations was the National Association of Research Centers (ANC), in charge of the Post-2015 process in Peru and CONADES. A total of 118 representatives (48% women) of the State and Civil Society as part of the Roundtables, and additionally 35 civil society representatives convened by the ANC and CONADES. There was a greater presence of civil society (41%) than representatives of government agencies (36%), 23% were Executive Secretaries or Coordinators of regional round-tables. Together, the 26 regional committees presented a general development scenario in which there is recognition of certain improvements in social and economic conditions, but there is critical concern of the population by the way in which people can participate in the benefits of development as well as the effects of the international economic and environmental crisis. For the respondents, this situation poses challenges to the limits of the established socio-economic growth models. They wondered what kind of growth would really address the pending development agenda in Peru. In the EIR discussions on post-2015, in contrast to those of stage 1 of the national consultation, there was a strong focus on the eight MDGs and progress in the framework of the Millennium Declaration. This was an advantage in terms of identifying the areas in which adjustments are required to meet basic themes already present in the MDGs. However, the introduction of new issues to the agenda was somewhat limited. Specific development themes that were prioritized - In the second session of each workshop the discussion focused on the agenda towards post Furthermore, a lot of priority issues for regional and national development by 2030 were discussed. The twelve topics listed in this phase were discussed from different angles: 1. Health (Coverage/ Mental/ Reproductive/ Intercultural) 2. Climate change (Environmental Sustainability/ Pollution) 3. Governance (Strong state/ Fight against corruption) 4. Education (Quality/ Infrastructure/Intercultural) 14

16 5. Gender equality (Non-violence/Women holding high posts) 6. Cultural identity (Promotion of Values/ Ethics) 7. Employment (Generation of.../dignified employment/ fair pay) 8. Protection of children and older adults (demographics) 9. Food security (Hunger/ Initiate national plan) 10. Rights (Achievement and exercise) 11. Culture of peace (Security/ Non-violence) 12. Civil Society (Strengthening of / ties to the state) Complementary workshops with leaders at the sub-national level The workshop with 17 female Amazonian leaders, held on February in Lima, included the presentation of a report on the progress made in the Millennium Development Goals in the Amazon and a component on Prior Consultation Law, in addition to the post 2015 component. A prioritization of themes was attained and a vision for 2030 was drawn-up. The prioritized themes had some notable peculiarities regarding the interregional encounters: 1. Employment (Equality in labor opportunities); 2. Participation and consultation (with emphasis on female leadership); 3. Indigenous organization and representation/ identity; 4. Land titles and territorial order; 5. Health, education, and intercultural nutrition; 6. Food security; 7. Access to environmental services The half-day workshop with religious leaders saw the participation of 17 persons of various faiths, including: Baha i, Buddhists, Catholics, Evangelical Christian, Jews, and Muslim. After a recount and dialogue on Peru's progress on the MDGs, they worked on prioritizing development issues and the creation of a vision for The prioritized themes of this workshop were: 1. Education; 2. Gender equality; 3. Environmental sustainability; 4. Strengthening of families; 5. Governance; 6. Violence Also, there are two cross-cutting themes for discussions on priority factors in the workshop with religious leaders, which distinguished this discussion from other meetings in stage 2. There was a consensus that development must be understood from a perspective on human rights, and that the state must take on a leadership role that guarantees the full application of these rights. Similarly, they stressed the importance of this to happen in a society that values ethics and highlights the spiritual dimension of the person. 15

17 Survey of development planners The first step taken to understand the perceptions about the MDGs and the post-2015 agenda among decision makers was a survey of development planners, made possible thanks to the collaboration of CEPLAN. A questionnaire with 14 questions was sent out via to approximately 400 Peruvian decision makers (mostly from the public sector) in the last week of November These individuals had previously participated in the first National Congress on Planning and Sustainable Development organized by CEPLAN in October They allowed for the ORC to have access to the participant data base, which included persons from all over the country. 123 decision makers responded to the survey until the December 12 deadline. Notably, more than half of the respondents were employed in central government, but there was also a significant presence of persons from regional (15%) and local (12%) governments and to a lesser extent, academia (10%), civil society organizations and private sector. In addition to questions about the perceived impact of the MDGs, respondents were asked to indicate what the development priorities of Peruvians are, choosing from a list of themes for a new framework for the development of long-term ( ). The list was based on themes that are currently used in global Post-2015 thematic consultations. The two themes with the greatest average were Education and Health, in this order (see Box 1). The third place was taken by Water, followed by food-security, nutrition, and the fight against 16

18 hunger. Economic growth and employment and Environmental Sustainability complete the top 5 priorities. According to the analysis of the President of the Roundtable for Poverty Reduction, Federico Arnillas, in these regional meetings four major themes were developed by the participants. Why are these so important? 1. Institutions The limitations of the MDGs were discussed, such as their focus on specific life-situations and not institutions. In this sense it is important to consider the development of institutions in relation to internationally recognized right. However, one must be careful not to reduce the analysis of institutions to hard indicators (for example per capita income), but rather consider the implied factors, such as rights exercised by citizens. This theme entails that existing public and private organizations be strengthened and is manifested in processes like pre-consultation. The expectations of the participants, and most of the people in the regions surveyed, are to strengthen governance mechanisms, expressed in this case through decentralization. In this regard, it is essential to affirm the principles of democracy and participation of citizens. On the other hand, regional and municipal governments have a fundamental role in this process of institutional development, through incentive programs, such as budgeting. Greater expectations for authorities in regards to medium-and long-term development planning were expressed during these events, especially in the framework of democratic governance. Critical themes linked to institutions were how to handle crime, the fight on drug-addiction, and the fight on corruption. 2. The Environmental Dimension A great cause of worry in the regions is the level of deforestation, as well as the lack of adequate regulation of water resources (understood as a strategic resource). There also exist specific management issues, such as land management, risk of natural disaster, and climate change, which require concerted efforts by regional authorities. In this sense, the need to use technologies as tools to achieve adequate intervention at the level of regional management was emphasized (e.g. SIG, Systems of Geographic Information). It was concluded that, although in many cases the development of technologies (e.g. mining) means a detriment to environmental sustainability, given its technical development; it could also form a valuable tool to improve environmental conditions in the future. It is especially important to implement clean technologies as part of the improvement policies of environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the construction of a suitable rural agenda was linked to the development of security policies and food sovereignty (as well as water security). 17

19 3. Social Dimensions and Living Conditions The regional and interregional meetings prioritized a series of themes that were linked to social inclusion and quality of life. In this sense, the situation of the family, childhood, vulnerable populations, and women were pivotal. These elements must be complemented by clearer, more inclusive policies of the state, and evident in guaranteed quality public services. Some of the specific themes were the universalization of quality health services, bilingual and multicultural education, and science and technology. Finally, participants spoke broadly of the need to change cultural and ethical patterns in certain sectors of Peruvian society, particularly of the male population around the treatment of their families and women (this idea was described as "men with new masculinity"). 4. Economic Dimension This dimension focused on the area of quality employment (later referred to as dignified employment ), with an emphasis on the respect for labor rights and with a vision for reducing gender gaps. Another group considered here were youth of working-age, who for the most part face great difficulties finding adequate employment, especially in the provinces. 26 regional committees participated, giving feedback for the design of a general development plan. 18

20 Final Consultation: Leaders on a National Level A Peruvian Proposal for Development with a Global Vision The final workshop gathered leaders, representatives and experts of public and private organizations as well as civil society, including members of the Consultative Committee of Peru s Post-2015 consultation process. During this meeting the results of the first two stages were presented and efforts were made to reach consensus in order to incorporate them into a Peruvian proposal regarding the global framework and thematic agenda to promote development Post Organized in Lima on March 18 th, 2013, the final workshop was successful in the sense that participants presented proposals that allow an articulation and complementation of the results of Stages 1 and 2 of the process. These results were presented in the analysis of the Resident Coordinator s Office of the United Nations System in Peru and the United Nations Development Programme, and were complemented by the evaluation made by the Roundtable for Poverty Reduction of the results of the second stage of the consultation. In order to comment on the results, a diverse group of decision makers and experts of the public sector, civil society, academia and the private sector were invited. Participants recognized the relevance and participatory and inclusive character of the consultation process and emphasized its value in promoting a long-term vision, establish long-term development goals, and to position the country in the process of international development. Also mentioned was the affinity between this consultation process and the existing processes of concerted planning, as well as some key programs and social strategies like the National Strategy Include to Grow. Contributions regarding the results of Stages 1 and 2. Commenting on the development of priority issues highlighted in this process, there was a particular emphasis on the importance of institutional factors (especially planning capabilities, intergovernmental dialogue and policy coordination), in economic development and changes in production, and employment. Overall, there was greater reflection on the economic dimension of development in the early stages of consultation. Some suggestions and criticisms that emerged included: the need to articulate this discussion with the discussion in progress regarding the Sustainable Development Goals of Rio +20; the absence of a civil society entity in the process Consultative Committee; and the need to more fully consider the consultations carried out with excluded groups in the frame of other processes. Group work on the Post development agenda. The work in two groups during the afternoon was very productive and permitted the outlining of consensus points and key alternatives for the Post agenda both at a global and national level, starting with the results of the first stages in the consultation process. 19

21 New Thematic Agenda for Development Post

22 Group 1 worked the new agenda of issues from the Peruvian perspective and managed to outline a proposed system focused on sustainable human development, which allows us to frame the issues and specific factors highlighted in the national consultation in an integrated manner. Four main areas for sustainable human development for Peruvian in post-2015 were identified. In addition, the working group defined a total of 19 topics related to these four main areas of sustainable human development, and defined some key strategies for achieving the objectives. Meanwhile, working group 2 focused on desirable features of the new global framework for development. Their findings are in three categories: Features that this framework should have include new cross-cutting approaches and priority groups. Features that each post-2015 development goal should have: its universal validity (for all countries) and the need to view goals and objectives with their regional, national and local context. Specific suggestions to optimize and rethink existing targets in a post 2015 context. 21

23 The recommended features for development goals within the new framework include: Consider the global context of threats, opportunities and challenges (e.g. climate change), and how these dynamics are changing and affecting agreed upon development models. Universality of targets for all countries, not just developing or poor countries. However, it should be a universal yet multicultural approach, and take into account the "starting points" specific to each country. Set contextualized indicators and targets at regional, national, and local levels, which allows design and implementation of more specific and efficient public policies that address the needs of human beings. Commitment from all countries around the MDGs/SDGs, since in such an interdependent context, real solutions are not made by the actions of only a few countries. Prioritize and instrument approaches across all objectives: human rights, gender, multiculturalism, environmental sustainability. Expand the range of vulnerable groups that are prioritized in development goals: (among others) the elderly, children, adolescents, people living with HIV, tuberculosis patients, vulnerable people because of their sexual orientation or identity gender, sex workers and people with disabilities. Work more to reflect the values and principles of the Millennium Declaration, and build a better definition of poverty and development that is multi-causal, multidimensional and dynamic (i.e. it adapts to new realities). A focus on global attention to the situation of the people rather than countries, evidenced by the fact that most of the world s poor and vulnerable inhabits MICs or medium-high income countries, such as China and India. Articulation of MDGs and SDGs as the core of the global agenda for development. A more participatory process of implementation of development goals. A long way to go The results of the national consultations in Peru provide valuable contributions for the country s formal proposal to the global process regarding the Post-2015 development agenda. Identifying the priorities and aspirations of vulnerable populations and sub-national actors has been a task of great value in defining a participatory and inclusive Peruvian agenda in the overall post 2015 process. All Peruvians are aware that living well requires advances in a complex set of development factors. They recognize certain progress in life conditions but emphasize that there are great pending 22

24 challenges, even some setbacks in certain fields. Nevertheless, they are willing to imagine a better future for their families, for the country and for the world. While adapting a long term vision for their personal and community welfare, the population prioritizes a broad diversity of development factors. The do not only focus on basic services such as education, health, nutrition, water and sanitation, which despite some advances in recent years still present unmet needs in many areas and aspects of economic well- being and decent employment. Rather, at all levels of society there exists an interest in environmental protection, in the improvement of in the quality of governments and governance, and in ending the insecurity created by gendered violence, crime, and corruption. Furthermore, many citizens highlight non-material factors such as the strengthening of families and community relations, cultural identities and even spirituality as fundamental for development. These particular topics tend to receive less attention amongst experts and leaders, and a pending task is to fully integrate them into the conceptual framework and existing strategic lines, including the conceptual proposal of the work group during the final consultation workshop. The results of the national consultations in Peru, resumed in this report, have been delivered from the United Nations System in Peru so that be considered in the United Nations global process for the definition of a new development agenda. The reports of the national consultations are already being processed to preliminarily inform the High Level Panel on Post-2015 Development Agenda, as well as the thematic platforms of the United Nations. Additionally, these results may constitute valuable input for the country s proposal to the global process on the Post-2015 development agenda. In this regard, all of the information of each one of the consultations carried out is at the disposal of the government and the civil society. Beyond the general issues highlighted in this report, there is much wealth discussed in each of the more than 60 consultations, and this diversity can be appreciated and properly analyzed if reviewing individual and aggregate reports. This is especially true with regard to desired scenarios and visions for the year 2030 which were prepared in a participatory manner in workshops with people living in poverty and / or vulnerability. On the other hand, and in spite of the pertinence of the global process of the United Nations to define the Post development agenda, it is as important (if not more) to analyze how the results of this process can become an input to the existing processes of planning and vision of the future of the country, including the actualization of the Bicentennial Plan of CEPLAN. 23

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30 Workshops Completed as part of the National Post-2015 Consultations Stage 1 Spaces for Dialogue: A Voice for Everyone The United Nations System in Peru, under the leadership of the Resident Coordinator and the help of the Office of the Resident Coordinator and UNDP, organized and conducted national consultations in different regions of Peru with the support of various agencies. 29

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