World History Chapter 25

Transcription

1 World History Chapter 25

2 Renaissance Reformation Age of Exploration Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

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4 The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.

5 Plentiful natural resources coal, iron, rivers, harbors Stable Government & Expanding Economy Has all needed factors of production land, labor, capital Stable Government & Economy Good Navy & Merchant Marine Island & Good Climate Has Inventor Universities

6 Geography 1. What one generalization can be made about virtually all of the major industrial areas in Great Britain in 1850?

7 Geography 2. Which is the only industrial area that is not in a coal producing region?

8 Geography 3. What was the major industrial activity around Durham in north England?

9 Charles Dickens

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11 Farmers don t own land they farm To get better yields using Sci. Rev. methods, wealthy landlords push farmers off land and fence it in Known as: ENCLOSURE Movement Out-of-work farmers get jobs laying rails to next city Farmers work in factories once they get there to feed their families

12 List four factors contributing to industrialization in Britain? Large population of workers Extensive Natural Resources Expanding Economy 4. Political Stability

13 GETS THE JUMP ON COMPETITION + FORCED TO UNDERGO TRIAL AND ERROR ON MACHINES SLOWLY BUILDS FROM BOTTOM UP + ENCOUNTERS MASSIVE SOCIAL PROBLEMS CONTINENT DOESN T CONTROLS INDUSTRIAL PSYCHIC CLIMATE +

14 Need for cheap, reliable power forces creation of steam engine 1 st railroad line 1 st steamboat

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16 Workers forced into cramped conditions Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums Life span in one large city is only 17 years Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes Rapidly growing cities lack: waste disposal, sanitary codes, building codes, police protection, schools, clean air/h2o

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19 Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round Dirty, poorly lit, factories injure workers Many coal miners killed by coal dust Child labor: easy to manage, cheaper to hire, small size helps in fixing machines

20 Benefits Problems

21 U.S. has natural and labor, resources needed to industrialize non-industrialized countries fall further behind European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources rise of global inequality Europe and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture, crafts

22 Laissez faire Economic idea of government NOT interfering or regulating businesses Adam Smith laissez faire defender of free markets, author of The Wealth of Nations Believed in natural laws of economics : an invisible hand would guide the economy

23 Adam Smith s 3 NATURAL LAWS of Economics Smith s 3 Laws: 1) Self-Interest people work for their own good 2) Competition forces better products to be made 3) Supply & Demand availibility of goods determines price (should mean enough goods at low prices) Economic liberty guarantees economic progress

24 MALTHUS & RICARDO: 2 Dismal Economic Predictions Malthus: Population will always grow faster than food supply therefore people should, but won t, marry late in life (so need wars & epidemics = low population) Ricardo: Iron Law of Wages: wages will always be just enough to keep workers from starving

25 Capitalism: system of privately owned businesses seeking profits Socialism: factors of production owned by, operated for the people

26 UTILITARIANISM 1700 s POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY by JEREMY BENTHAM GOV. SHOULD HAVE POLICIES THAT PROMOTE GREATEST GOOD FOR GREATEST # OF PEOPLE JS MILL: UNREGULATED CAPITALISM IS WRONG Womens rights; equal division of profits; reforms of legal, prison, education system

27 Karl Marx Communist Manifesto 1848 believed society is divided into warring classes Capitalism helps haves (employers) Hurts have-nots, (workers) KNOW THESE TERMS: BOURGEOISIE = MIDDLE CLASS PROLETARIAT = WORKERS

28 KARL MARX Predicted workers would overthrow the capitalists in a revolution Only proletariat would exist and rule Eventually the State will WITHER AWAY Workers of the world unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains! From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs The Communist Manifesto did NOT influence the Revolutions of 1848

29 Karl Marx Communism society where people own, share the means of production Marx s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba but Marx s version of communism has never really been tried all these places changed Marx s ideas

30 Unions Children Slavery Women (think back to guilds) goals were higher wages, shorter hours, improved conditions U.S. ends child labor, sets maximum hours in 1904 In 1833, reformers help end slavery in British empire Women pursue economic and social rights as early as 1848

31 UNIONS 8-HOUR WORK DAY 1 ½ PAY FOR OVER 40 HOURS VACATIONS HEALTH BENEFITS PENSIONS SAFER CONDITIONS NO CHILD LABOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: UNIONS REPRESENTED ALL WORKERS ALL AT ONCE (PAY, WORKING CONDITIONS) STRIKES: IF DEMANDS NOT MET, WORKERS WOULDN T WORK

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33 UNIONS de3 REFORMS HARD FOUGHT TO GET OCCURRED OVER LONG TIME PERIOD; FINALLY BECAME LAWS WHICH HELPED SOCIETY UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE: RIGHT TO VOTE FOR ALL MEN (ORIGINALLY ONLY LAND-OWNING MEN) CHARTIST MOVEMENT: GIVE WORKERS RIGHT TO VOTE

34 UNIONS JANE ADDAMS AND HULL HOUSE MOTHER JONES AS TIME PASSED OTHER REFORMS OCCURRED HELPED BY UNIONS: END OF SLAVERY WOMEN S RIGHTS PUBLIC EDUCATION PRISON REFORM

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