Social Revolution. Pages 24-46

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1 Social Revolution Pages 24-46

3 Social revolution, step by step Introduction. The demographic revolution. Changes in the Basque Country. The creation of a class-based society. The structure of class-based society. The workers movement. The beginning of the workers movement. Development of workers associations. Claiming rights. The women s movement. The suffragette movement. First steps. The suffragette movement.

4 Industrial Revolution Social Revolution French Revolution

5 Social revolution consequence Socio-economic classes Bourgeoisie Proletariat

6 Introduction After the industrialisation, two new social classes: The industrial bourgeoisie. The industrial proletariat. Engels: The living conditions of the workers in the new urban centers were very poor. The proletarian class began to organise politically.

7 Proletarius (Latin) - Proletarian Proletarius, Roman Empire, a person from the lowest class of Roman citizens.

10 Developed country

11 Consequence of inmigration

12 Fill the gaps! But also compare the similarities among two pyramids, the one from the book (Beauvais, France, 1665) and the one from the slide (Kenya, 2005). What conclusion do you reach?

13 The demographic revolution Pages 25 & 26

15 Revolution in demography 19 th century Death rate fell (Children) The growth rate increasing Consequence: Life expectancy extended to 50 years by 1900 Reasons: Better food Advances in medicine Less plagues/diseases

16 Solution for the demographic revolution? Development of the communications (train, boat,...) helped/helps Migratory movements

17 EMIGRATION A new phenomenum?

19 Migration Movement Emigration Moving outside Inmigration Moving inside

20 Which image comes to you when you listen to this word: INMIGRANT Why do you think this happens?

22 Ignorance? Stereotypes?

23 Florence Owens, 32, mother of 7 Migrant, California, 1936

24 Pictures by Dorothea Lange

25 It is the icone of the Great Depression in the USA (1930s).

26 Foreign-born population in Germany

28 Causes of emigration Population growth 1 Rural Cities 2 Birth countries Countries overseas

29 ,000,000 people left Europe England France Canada Australia New Zealand Algeria

31 China India Population concentration (2010)

32 Countries by population density

33 21st century migrations Germany will need 800,000 workers starting 2012 Spain will lose 500,000 workers in 2012 Spain: more emigrants, less inmigrants

34 Reasons for migrations Economical (High) unemployment rate Spain: 22,8 % (end of 2011) OCDE: 8,5 %

35 Changes in the Basque Country Pages 26 & 27

36 Biscay - Bilbo Death rate decreased = population growth. Inmigrants of other parts of Spain moved to that industrialised area. Consequence: development of the cities. Nevertheless, there were Basques moving to America (Military Service): Argentina, Venezuela, United States,

37 Another factor: emigration

38 Euskal Etxeak all over the world Argentina: 81. USA: 37. Uruguay: 12. Venezuela: 6. Mexico: 3. Australia: 3. Peru, Canada: 2.

39 Coloradoko Euskal Etxea The Colorado Basque Club University of Nevada, Reno Center for Basque Studies Boiseko Ikastola (Idaho)

40 The creation of a class-based society Pages 27 & 28

41 A change in society New social groups linked to industrialisation. A new society based on economy (class-based society). Peaceful revolution : England. Violent revolution : French Revolution. Changes affected to all the countries by the 19 th century.

42 In the Basque Country Change started in the middle of the 19 th century (land property, main concept for the estate-based society, changed). Northern: ideas of French Revolution arrived (equality) but no industrialisation. Southern: development with the industrialisation of Biscay & Gipuzkoa.

43 Based on class Based on wealth Legal equality Characteristics of a class-based society Open Dynamic

44 The structure of class-based society Page 29

45 Bourgeoisie & Proletariat

48 Bourgeoisie Proletariat

49 The bourgeoisie the origins Middle Age. Burgo = city of the Middle Age. Main activities: commerce, crafts, liberal professions & government posts

50 Modern Era The economic significance & power grew. Still subordinate to the noble class.

51 Contemporary Era The importance kept increasing. The main protagonist of the: Industrial Revolution. French Revolution. Consequence: a social revolution. Our society is still based on the dominance of this middle class.

52 High bourgeoisie Stimulates the industrialisation. Enjoys most of its profits. Consolidation of financial & industrial bourgeoisie.

53 Middle bourgeoisie (Middle class) Individuals in the liberal professions: Lawyers. Doctors. Architects. Journalists. Government employees. Owners of small factories.

54 Low bourgeoisie ( petit ) Small-scale commerce. Low level employment. Similar to proletarians.

55 Proletariat (Working Class) An employee, a person working for another in exchange for a wage. Origins: pre-industrial workshops, farm labourers. Two types of proletariat: The industrial. The landed (rural).

56 The industrial proletariat Origins: with the industrial revolution when machines in a factory created the need for manual labour.

57 The rural proletariat Increased because of the Agricultural Revolution. Many peasants had to leave their lands, and work for others.

58 In the Basque Country Large rural proletariat in the Rivera (Navarre) & Araba. In Gipuzkoa & Biscay, peasants working in both, land & industry.

59 Social Classes in the USA

60 The workers movement Page 33

61 The beginning Evidence of worker organisation since the 18 th century. Called societies in the first documents (Manchester, 1785). The Society of Spinners in Stockport. Multiplication of societies, becoming more radical, demanding concessions.

62 The beginnings of the workers movement Page 34

63 Industrialisation! industrial proletariat POOR CONDITIONS AT WORK & POOR LIVING CONDITIONS WORKERS BEGAN TO ORGANISE IN ORDER TO FIND IMPROVEMENTS

64 First movement: Luddism Movement against mechanisation

65 First organised movement: Trade Unions Trade union demonstration

66 A further movement: Chartism A movement based on a workers charter sent to parliament with several petitions: Universal suffrage / a secret vote.

67 They succeeded in improving the social and working conditions of workers.

68 Development of workers associations Pages 35 & 36

69 Progress of Trade Unions and the organisation of the working-class

70 1835 The word Socialism is first used by Robert Owen

71 1848 Publication of The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx & Friedich Engels 1 st edition in German

72 1850: the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, The first real union in England The development of the railways. 1864: The First International in London Working Men s Association Meeting of European & US union representatives 1871: the passing of the Trade Unions Act Unions officially could have their own funds 1879: Pablo Iglesias founded PSOE in Madrid

73 1881: FTRE was created by anarchists workers (Federacion Trabajadores Region Espanola) 1888: UGT was created in Barcelona (Union General Trabajadores) 1889: The Second International in Paris To celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution 1900: The British Labour Party founded in England

74 Proletarian ideologies

75 Socialist (society) Solidarity: work together to improve condistions. Equality: equal opportunities to have a decent life. No classes: classless society.

76 Can you find any similiarity between this fist and this...?

78 Food to the people!!! No world hunger.

80 ? =

81 Power to the people!!

82 Communism (community) A step further than Socialism (Solidarity, equality, no classes). And: The proletarian s dictatorship. Defeat the bourgeoisie. Control the production (the factories).

83 Red = revolution Hammer = industry Sickle = agriculture

84 Agriculture Revolution Industry

86 Anarchism All type of authority is rejected: No state. No church. No political parties. Organization of society: from the bottom to the top (free association)

87 Freedom Freedom = people permitted to choose their own relationships: Personal. Professional. Political. Important movement in the rural areas with late industrialisation.

89 Mikhail Bakunin

90 Claiming rights Page 38

91 General causes of change (Based on the struggle for rights) Society based on Estates disappears Social classes emerge. First, bourgeoisie; After, proletariat Conditions are hard for proletariat. Protests & demands for rights. New political ideologies (Marxism, Anarchism, Socialism)

92 Children working age?

93 Children working in the 21st century How old are they?

95 Last night, I had a dream. Everybody was equal Martin Luther King

96 César Chávez, defender of the Hispanic farm workers

97 1955, Alabama, Rosa Parks

100 Tunecinas, más iguales El País, septiembre 2012

101 Si lo natural es ser iguales, lo habitual es, sin embargo, que unos sean más iguales que otros George Orwell

102 Esto lo saben bien las mujeres; especialmente si son árabes en un país musulmán, donde ser iguales es una anomalía en peligro permanente de extinción.

103 La victoria electoral del partido islamista Ennhada en Túnez ha permitido el intento de introducir en la Constitución el principio de que la mujer es complementaria del hombre. What does it mean?

104 Fatma Nabil Un acto revolucionario

105 The women s movement Pages 41 & 42

106 Suffragate movement Page 44

107 The movement Mid-19 th century: John Stuart Mill & Harriet Taylor Mill wrote On the subjection of women (one of the starting points). In Great Britain & the USA some groups started fighting hard to achieve their rights.

108 Continuing the movement 1869, Wyoming: women obtained the suffrage (but it was not universal, black men and women could not vote) (important year): Emmeline Pankhurst set up Women s Social & Political Union. Clara Zetkin contribute to the creation of the International Socialist Women s Conference.

109 The suffrage, little by little 1893 in New Zealand in Australia. Little by little, in other countries.

110 Mujeres, educación, sufragio Celia Amorós, El acta de nacimientos del feminismo Babelia, suplemento literario (septiembre 2012)

111 Los países anglosajones y los liderazgos políticos e intelectuales como los de John Stuart Mill y Harriet Taylor Mill impulsaron la lucha por el sufragio en el siglo XIX. La moción pro sufragio femenino se limitaba inicialmente a viudas y solteras, pero aun así no suscitó más que carcajadas de la Cámara de los Comunes de la que John Stuart Mill era diputado.

112 John Stuart Mill & Harriet Taylor Mill

113 Las líderes sufragistas más sobresalientes fueron en Estados Unidos, Elizabeth Stanton & Susan B. Anthony. Ellas oficiaron de promotoras de la llamada Declaración de Seneca Falls (1848).

114

115 La lucha sufragista fue más o menos dura en diversos lugares y momentos: sintetizando apresuradamente, afirmaremos que las mujeres accedieron al voto unos años después del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1945).

116 High bourgeoisie Middle bourgeoisie Low bourgeoisie Proletariat

Welcome back to WHAP! Thursday 2/15/18

Welcome back to WHAP! Thursday 2/15/18 Turn your Ch. 17 Skills Activity into the tray- make sure your name is on it You need to have your notes out and something to write with- be ready to take some notes