The American Revolution

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Chapter 6 The American Revolution Peter Mackintosh was a 16- year- old appren9ce blacksmith in Boston working in the shop of his master, Richard Gridley, the

They were among those running to Griffin s Wharf to throw tea into the harbor as part of the Boston Tea Party that started the Revolu9on.

1 Chapter 6 The American Revolution Peter Mackintosh was a 16- year- old appren9ce blacksmith in Boston working in the shop of his master, Richard Gridley, the night of December 16, 1773 when a group of young men rushed into the shop, grabbed ashes from the hearth and rubbed them on their faces. They were among those running to Griffin s Wharf to throw tea into the harbor as part of the Boston Tea Party that started the Revolu9on. Mackintosh later served in the Con9nental Ar9llery as a cramsman anached to the army who shoed horses and repaired cannons, including one mortar whose repair General George Washington oversaw personally

2 Revolution Section 2: The Battles Begin June, 1775: the Second Con9nental Congress set up the. The army needed a commander George was appointed commander of the Army. He had military and was well Washington went to to take control of forces in. But, before Washington got to Boston the Patriots and the Bri9sh fought in Boston The was the of the Revolu9on

3 Revolution Section 2: The British Bug Out of Boston A blacksmith from Vermont,, led a group of patriots called the They anacked a Bri9sh Fort and captured a supply of January 1776: the cannons were brought to for the Army led by George Washington. When the Bri9sh saw the American cannons, they knew they Boston. They the city. About 1,000 with them. They became Although the Bri9sh lem Boston, they had not. King George III ordered of all colonial. He also brought in from Germany called to help fight the patriots.

4 Revolution Section 3: Declaring Independence Patriot Thomas wrote a pamphlet 9tled in January In Common Sense, Paine tried to convince colonists that they owed to King George III. He argued that the very idea of was wrong. He argued that Americans owed to England either Common Sense many colonists to embrace the idea of. In 6 months, more than 500,000 copies of the pamphlet were sold.

Revolution Section 3: The Meaning of Common Sense Nothing but independence can keep the

When a man seriously things about the shakiness of human affairs he will become convinced

manner, while we have it in our power I challenge the warmest advocate for reconcilia9on to

I repeat the challenge; not a single advantage is derived.

5 Revolution Section 3: The Meaning of Common Sense Nothing but independence can keep the peace of the con9nent A government of our own is our natural right. When a man seriously things about the shakiness of human affairs he will become convinced that it is always wiser and safer to form a cons9tu9on of our own in a cool deliberate manner, while we have it in our power I challenge the warmest advocate for reconcilia9on to show a single advantage that this con9nent can gain by being connected with Great Britain. I repeat the challenge; not a single advantage is derived. But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families

6 Revolution Section 3: Moving Toward Independence Common Sense many members of the Con9nental Congress. June 1776: Richard Henry of Virginia offered a resolu9on: these United are, and of right ought to be, and Delegates had a difficult decision. If they chose independence, they would be hanged as to Britain Congress chose a comminee to draw up a. Ben Franklin & John Adams were members. The job of the comminee was to the colonies were from Britain. Thomas, one of the youngest delegates, was asked to the declara9on.

7 Revolution Section 3: Declaring Independence In late June, Jefferson the declara9on and it was read to the Congress. July 2, 1776: the Con9nental Congress that the 13 colonies were and independent States July 4, 1776: delegates accepted the of Independence John, president of the Con9nental Congress, signed the declara9on with the largest signature.

8 Revolution Sec. 3: A Bad Run of Luck for the Americans Mid 1776: Washington led his troops south from Boston to. Bri9sh had 34,000 troops and a navy with 10,000 sailors. Washington had than 20,000 poorly trained troops and August 1776: the American army fought Britain at the BaNle of. More than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded, or captured. Fall 1776: Americans at White Plains.

9 Despair & New Hope In 1776, George Washington s army had (killed, wounded or captured) By December 1776, Washington said his troops were, dirty, and so thinly clad as to be. Soldiers were every day. Thomas Paine was one of the soldiers who had retreated with Washington to New Jersey. At this 9me, he wrote. It urged Americans to the army. Washington had it aloud to the troops to boost morale

10 Clutch Wins Christmas night, 1776: Washington secretly led his troops across the Delaware River. Their target: Trenton, NJ, where Hessian weren t expec9ng an anack The Americans launched launch a surprise anack and won the. The Americans next up the road at the BaNle of

11 Turning Point 1777: England s General John presented King George III with a. He wanted to the flow of and from New England to the other colonies. To do this, Burgoyne wanted to march on Albany, NY and control the Burgoyne was then surrounded at the town of. The was a of the war The banle ended the Bri9sh threat to New England. It American spirits. It also convinced to become an to the USA.

12 Section 3: Harsh Winter at Valley Forge Winter : the Con9nental Army suffered severe at, Soldiers lived in ; slept on the ; had linle ; stood guard wrapped in blankets Many had and suffered from and disease. News about the spread. Women food, clothing, medicine, warm clothing, and ammuni9on. Martha Washington (George s wife) went to Valley Forge and helped the sick and.

13 Help from Europe France was England s in 1776: the Con9nental Congress sent Benjamin to persuade King Louis XVI of to help America with. The American win at helped France that the rebels were 1778: France became the to sign a with the USA. France recognized the USA as a new and agreed to. The and later joined the war against Britain, providing loans to America.

14 Section 4/5: The War in the South & Final Victory AMer the Bri9sh plan to New York &, the Bri9sh tried to conquer the Many loyalists and the Bri9sh commander hoped they would However, American forces in the south the Bri9sh Francis of South Carolina led a of mili9a, who used, or hit- and- run tac9cs to General Nathaniel Greene lost he fought vs. Britain BUT, he made Britain for every advantage they won

15 Spring 1781: Britain s General moved troops to capture that colony George Washington from New York to Virginia. He was joined by a. A French also headed to Virginia. They cut Cornwallis off September 1781: 16,000 American and French troops were laying to 6,000 of Cornwallis s soldiers. (siege = surrounding an enemy posi9on in an anempt to capture it. American and French ar9llery the Bri9sh AMer several weeks, Cornwallis. Yorktown was the of the revolu9on

16 The Peace Treaty Lord North, the Bri9sh minister, agreed to when he realized the. 1782: Congress sends delegates to write a with Britain. The US got of what it wanted, because the were eager_to. The ended the war. Britain recognized the US as an The extended from the Atlan9c Ocean to the, the southern border stopped at The Americans agreed to Congress to lost in the war. On April 15, 1783,, or approved the

17 Reasons for the American Victory 1. : Britain had difficulty to a war Britain had to conquer colonists Americans (best routes best places to fight, etc.) 2. : America received help from, and the 3. Patrio9c, and helped the Americans win. 4. George Washington s leadership helped r during tough 9mes.

4: TELESCOPING THE TIMES

The Americans (Survey) Chapter 4: TELESCOPING THE TIMES The War for Independence CHAPTER OVERVIEW The colonists clashes with the British government lead them to declare independence. With French aid, they