B DEMOCRACY: A READER. Edited by Ricardo Blaug and John Schwarzmantel EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS

Transcription

1 B DEMOCRACY: A READER Jl Edited by Ricardo Blaug and John Schwarzmantel EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS

2 Preface Acknowledgements XI xni : Democracy - Triumph or Crisis? PART ONE: PART TWO: Section 1: TRADITIONAL AFFIRMATIONS OF DEMOCRACY 21 1 Pericles, Funeral Oration 25 2 Aristotle, The Politics 28 3 Niccolo Machiavelli, The Discourses 34 4 Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 38 5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 44 6 James Madison (et al.), The Federalist Papers 53 7 John Stuart Mill, Representative Government 59 8 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America 68 9 The Putney Debates Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man The National Assembly of France, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 92 KEY CONCEPTS Freedom and Autonomy Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 102

3 15 Immanuel Kant, On the Common Saying: 'This May Be True in Theory but It Does not Apply in Practice' Benjamin Constant, The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns Isaiah Berlin, Two Concepts of Liberty Robert Paul Wolff, In Defense of Anarchism 117 Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Equality John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality R. H. Tawney, Equality Bernard Williams, The Idea of Equality 137 Representation X^ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract Edmund Burke, Speech at the Conclusion of the Poll, 3 November James Mill, Essay on Government Hannah Fenichel Pitkin, The Concept of Representation Anne Phillips, The Politics of Presence Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference Michael Bakunin, The Illusion of Universal Suffrage Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Parliamentary Isolation 172 Majority Rule Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 176

4 33 Richard Wollheim, A Paradox in the Theory of Democracy John Stuart Mill, Representative Government Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America Giovanni Sartori, The Theory of Democracy Revisited Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy, Participation and Opposition 199 Section 5: Citizenship 38 Aristotle, The Politics 39 T. H. Marshall, Class, Citizenship and Social Development 40 W. H. Sewell, Jr, Le Citoyen/La Citoyenne 41 Will Kymlicka and Wayne Norman, The Return of the Citizen PART THREE: Section 6: CRITIQUES OF DEMOCRACY Marxist and Socialist Critiques Karl Marx, On the Jewish Question Karl Marx, The Civil War in France Vladimir Ilich Lenin, The State and Revolution R. Miliband, Marxism and Politics C. B. Macpherson, Democratic Theory, Essays in Retrieval 253 Section 7: Conservative, Elitist and Authoritarian Critiques Plato, The Republic Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France Roger Scruton, The Meaning of Conservatism Benito Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political 280

5 52 Max Weber, Economy and Society 53 Robert Michels, Political Parties 54 Giovanni Sartori, Anti-Elitism Revisited 55 Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy Section 8: Feminist Critiques Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Woman Diana Coole, Women in Political Theory Sheila Rowbotham, Feminism and Democracy Susan Mendus, Losing the Faith, Feminism and Democracy 324 PART FOUR: Section 9: Section 10: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Rational Choice Amartya Sen, The Possibility of Social Choice Kenneth J. Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy Brian Barry, Political Participation as Rational Action 348 The Market F. A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom David Beetham, Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Democratization Hilary Wainwright, Arguments for a New Left 377

6 Section 11: Section 12: Section 13: Section 14: Nationalism Ghia Nodia, Nationalism and Democracy David Miller, On Nationality John Schwarzmantel, Two Concepts of the Nation 390 Multiculturalism Charles Taylor, The Dynamics of Democratic Exclusion Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference Charles W. Mills, The Racial Contract All Beyond the West Amartya Sen, Democracy as a Universal Value Bhikhu Parekh, The Cultural Particularity of Liberal Democracy J. Silverstein, The Idea of Freedom in Burma Andrew J. Nathan, Chinese Democracy 435 Participation Geraint Parry and George Moyser, More Participation, More Democracy? Benjamin R. Barber, Strong Democracy Hanna Fenichel Pitkin and Sara M. Shumer, On Participation Michael Walzer, A Day in the Life of a Socialist Citizen Bernard R. Berelson, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee, Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign 462

7 Index 565 CONTENTS 84 Carole Pateman, Participation and Democratic Theory 469 Section 15: Civil Society 85 Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone 87 Paul Hirst, Associative Principles and Democratic Reform Section 16: Deliberation 88 Ricardo Blaug, New Developments in Deliberative Democracy 89 B. Manin, On Legitimacy and Political Deliberation 90 Jtirgen Habermas, The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article 91 J. S. Fishkin, The Dialogue of Justice: Toward a Self-Reflective Society Section 17: The Future of Democracy Chantal Mouffe, Radical Democracy: Modern or Post-modern? Barbara Epstein, Radical Democracy and Cultural Politics: What about Class? What about Political Power? John Stewart, Thinking Collectively in the Public Domain Barry N. Hague and Brian D. Loader, Digital Democracy: An 551 Bibliography 558