Latin America s Political Pendulum. March 30, 2017
|
|
- Angela White
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Latin America s Political Pendulum March 30, 2017
2 Because Mexico, Central and South America were dominated by languages derived from Latin, people began to refer to the area as "Latin America."
3 Latin America The name was promoted by the French s the French said this area was populated by a Latin Race.
4 Latin America Therefore the people of this region should align with Latin Europe instead of Teutonic Europe Slavic Europe Anglo Saxon America.
5 Latin America Latin America" was first used in 1861 in La revue des races Latines Promoted by Napoleon III during the French invasion of Mexico in 1861.
6 Is this Area Really Latin America?
7
8 The United Nations Description Latin America and the Caribbean
9 Latin America and the Caribbean
10 What is Latin America? The broadest definition is all of the Americas south of the United States.
11 Latin America Northern border of Mexico to the southern tip of South America 19 sovereign states and several territories 7, 412,000 sq. miles or 13% of Earth s land surface 626 million people( 2015) Combined GDP of 5,573,397 million USD
12 Latin America s Political Pendulum
13 Latin America s Political Pendulum The Political Pendulum The resurgence of the left A more aggressive foreign policy Commodity Super Cycle: From boom to bust Economic stagnation and political turmoil The era of pragmatism Policy Options for the U.S.
14 Today s Topics The Latin American Pendulum Two important forces that act on the pendulum Demographics Latin American History
15 WHAT IS A POLITICAL PENDULUM?
16
17
18 Waves and Reverse Waves
19 DEMOGRAPHICS
20 Ethnic Groups Latin America is one of the most diverse regions in the world. The specific composition of the groups vary from country to country. Some of the groups are: European Mestizo Amerindians African Mulattoes
21 Ethnic Groups
22 Ethnic Groups
23 Languages
24 Religion
25 Ten Largest Cities
26 Education Latin America has made great progress in educational coverage in the last years. Almost all children attend primary school and access to secondary education has increased considerably.
27 Education Quality issues such as poor teaching methods, lack of appropriate equipment and overcrowding exist throughout the region. These issues lead to adolescents dropping out of the educational system early.
28 Education Currently, more than half of low income children or people living in rural areas fail to complete nine years of education. Out of 17 million students in higher education, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina account for 10 million.
29 Crime and Violence Most dangerous regions in the world 1980s-90s homicide rates increased by 50% 69% of the victims are men 15-19
30 Crime and Violence Countries with highest homicide rates (2014) Homicides per 100,000 Honduras 75 El Salvador 64 Venezuela 62 Jamaica 36 Belize 34 Guatemala 31 Colombia 28
31 Crime and Violence Countries with highest homicide rates (2014) Homicides per 100,000 Trinidad & Tobago 26 Brazil 25 Puerto Rico 19 Dominican Republic 17 Mexico 16 Costa Rica 10
32 Crime and Violence Countries with the lowest homicide rates (2014) Homicides per 100,000 Chile 4 Peru 7 Argentina 8 Uruguay 8 Ecuador 8 United States FBI
33 The Economist 2014
34
35 Population Source: CELADE/ECLAC population estimates and projections, 2007.
36 Population
37 Population
38 Population When there is a large pool of workers with a small number of dependents to support it creates a situation that is highly favorable for economic growth. This is called the Demographic Dividend
39 Population Ratio of Dependents to Workers Dividend 1 Above 66/100 90/100 80/100 70/100 Unfavorable economic growth
40 Population Ratio of Dependents to Workers Dividend 3 Below 66/100 63/100 64/100 65/100 Becoming unfavorable for economic growth
41 Population Ratio of Dependents to Workers Dividend 2 Below 66/100 65/100 60/ /100 Demographic Dividend Most favorable for economic development
42 Population Ratio of Dependents to Workers Dividend 1 not favorable for economic growth Dividend 2 favorable for economic growth Demographic Dividend Dividend 3 favorable but moving toward slowed economic growth
43 Population Demographic Dividend Mexico Children 10 Old age support Children 15 Old age 90/100 55/100 Dividend 1 Not favorable for economic growth Dividend 2 Demographic Dividend
44 Source: CELADE/ECLAC population estimates and projections, 2007.
45 Dividend 2
46 HISTORY
47 Pre-Columbian Latin America has been populated for several millennia, possibly for as long as 30,000 years. Highly developed civilizations flourished at various times and places.
48 Pre-Columbian Aztec Mayan Inca
49 Colonial The major sea powers in Europe Spain, Portugal and England Sent expeditions to the New World to build trade networks and colonies.
50 Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
51
52
53
54 Colonial Native culture and religion were forbidden under Spanish rule. The Spanish even went as far as burning the Maya Codices ( books). These codices contained information about astrology, religion, Gods, and rituals.
55
56
57
58
59
60 War of Spanish Independence ( ) Spain and France were allies in the 18 th century After the French Revolution, Spain was invaded by France
61 Latin American Independence Most of Latin America achieved its independence by 1825.
62
63 American Independence Prior to 1765 England treated the colonies with benign neglect Smuggling had been tacitly accepted for over 100 years Britain s government expenditures were four times higher than revenue
64 American Independence After the Seven Year s War ended in 1763 Great Britain s national debt doubled London clamped down on smuggling and instituted more taxes Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765 Tea Act of 1773
65
66
67
68
69
70 Age of the Caudillos The nineteenth century has been considered the "Age of Caudillos" A caudillo was a military-landowner who possessed political power and exercised it in an authoritarian manner.
71 Age of the Caudillos A Latin American ruling class arose that avoided avoided Spanish and Portuguese models in their quest to reshape their societies. This elite looked towards other Catholic European models in particular France for a new Latin American culture, but did not seek input from indigenous peoples.
72 Age of the Caudillos The export of natural resources provided the basis of most Latin American economies in the nineteenth century. This led to the development of wealthy elite. It resulted in a sizable gap between rich and poor.
73 Age of the Caudillos In Brazil, for instance, by 1910, 85% of the land belonged to 1% of the population. Gold mining and fruit growing, in particular, were monopolized by these wealthy landowners. These "Great Owners" completely controlled local activity were the principal employers and the main source of wages. This led to a society of peasants.
74 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s The Age of Liberalism political regimes were democratic, in theory, and were either presidential or parliamentary. It was a time of political instability led by caudillos and oligarchs who wanted to preserve old social hierarchies.
75 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s The political landscape was occupied by conservatives who believed that the preservation of the old social hierarchies served as the best guarantee of national stability and prosperity, and liberals who sought to bring about progress by freeing up the economy and individual initiative.
76 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s Insurrections were common. They were violently suppressed. 100,000 were killed during the suppression of a Colombian revolt between 1899 and 1902
77 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s Some states did manage to have some of democracy: Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica and Colombia. The others were clearly oligarchist or authoritarian although some enjoyed support from a majority in the population.
78 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s All of these regimes sought to maintain Latin America's lucrative position in the world economy as a provider of raw materials. Latin America produced around 80 percent of the world's silver in the 16th through 19th centuries.
79 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s A time of war as nations struggled to find their national identity Brazil took large swaths of land from its neighbors Paraguayan War( ) Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay War of the Pacific ( )Chili defeated Bolivia and Peru. Mexican Revolution
80 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s Mexican Revolution
81 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s Mexican Revolution The Mexican Constitution of 1917 First Constitution to set out social rights Put restrictions on the Catholic Church Provided for a free and secular education Instituted Land reforms Empowerment of the labor sector
82 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s Foreign Intervention 1823 United States Monroe Doctrine 1846 Mexican War 1861 Spain, England and France landed in Veracruz in order to seize unpaid debts from Mexico
83 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s Foreign Intervention The United States continued to directly defend its interests in the region. Big Stick Doctrine Platt Amendment Colombia U.S. supported the Panamanian insurrection and back independence so the Panama Canal could be built. Central American incursions to defend American commercial interests Banana Wars
84 Age of Liberalism 1800s 1930s This was a time of world trade Buenos Aires was known as the Paris of the West. Era of large amounts of foreign debt from wars and downturns in the market
85 The Great Depression World demand for raw materials drastically declined hurting the economies of Latin America. This led to the First Reverse Wave.
86 First Reverse Wave
87
88
89
90
91 20th Century Lost Decade of the 1980s Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power and they were not able to repay it. Latin America was in a crisis The West responded, in 1989, with the Washington Consensus
92 Washington Consensus Washington Consensus 1990s A standard reform package promoted for crisiswracked developing countries. One size fits all.
93 Washington Consensus It was a set of 10 economic policy prescriptions promoted by Washington, D.C. based institutions : International Monetary Fund World Bank US Treasury Department
94 Washington Consensus Low government borrowing. Avoidance of large fiscal deficits relative to GDP Tax reform broadening the tax base and adopting moderate tax rates
95 Washington Consensus Privatization of state enterprises Deregulation: abolish regulations that impede the market Legal security for property rights.
96 Neoliberalism and the Washington Consensus During the 1990s Latin America failed to produce sustained growth and stability. The neoliberal economic policies of the Washington Consensus became increasingly unpopular for many Latin Americans.
97 Neoliberalism and the Washington Consensus Once praised as models of successful economic management, countries where the Washington Consensus was applied with the most vigor suffered the worst. Great Decisions 2017
98 The Resurgence of the Left In one country after another, citizens rejected promarket forces and looked for alternatives. In the 2000s leftist countries emerged. They were committed to social policies and addressing inequality.
99 The Resurgence of the Left They were anti American They rejected parts, if not all, of the Washington Consensus. This swing of the pendulum to the left is known as the Pink Tide.
100 Pink Tide
101
102 The Pink Tide Venezuela 1999 Hugo Chavez takes control of the country He imposes state control over the economy He sends subsidized oil to Cuba, and impoverished nations of Central America and the Caribbean.
103 The Pink Tide Venezuela Oil prices climbed from less than $10 a barrel to over $100. Chavez used this income to expand access to: Public services Education and health
104
105 The Pink Tide Bolivia 2005 Evo Morales becomes the country s first indigenous president A new constitution is drafted recognizing indigenous rights, nationalizing the natural gas industry and legalizing coca.
106 The Pink Tide Ecuador and Nicaragua 2006 Rafael Correa becomes president and aligns with Chavez s socialism Nicaragua, leftist Daniel Ortega, returns to power.
107 The Pink Tide Moderates Not all nations on the left were authoritarian Some nations respected democratic institutions, the rule of law, the role of the private sector and the importance of foreign investment. Basically they accepted most of the Washington consensus but with more social programs
108
109 The Pink Tide Moderates Chile increased social spending but kept most pro market policies of Pinochet( ) Brazil, under Lula, implemented a pragmatic economic policy that boosted Brazilian companies and lifted millions out of poverty Argentina, under the Kirchner s, fashioned a policy between Lula and Chavez.
110 Latin American Countries not Part of the Pink Tide Colombia remained conservative and was a close ally of the United States. Mexico became conservative under the leadership of Vicente Fox ( ) and Felipe Calderon( ). Mexico became intertwined with the U.S. economy after NAFTA.
111 The Pink Tide and Economic Growth During this time, , Latin America was in its Demographic Dividend. Trade with China went from little over $ 12 billion in 2003 to more than $ 289 billion ten years later. The demand for commodities produced by most South American countries including soy, minerals, oil and others increased dramatically, lifting international prices and generating a massive influx of resources.
112 The Pink Tide and Economic Growth Unprecedented economic growth in South America due Economies grew by 3.6% annually GDP per capital rose by 2.4% Poverty rate fell from over 40% to 25% Extreme poverty fell from nearly 25% to 12%
113 The Commodity Bust The commodity boom began to slow down in 2014 as Chinese demand decreased. Since 2014 economic growth has been lower than the world average Poverty has increased and recent social progress programs are weakening.
114
115 New Leader Emerge New leaders are emerging who promote economic growth and strengthen democratic institutions Mauricio Macri, Argentina s new president, has launched economic reforms and restored relationships with the U.S. and Europe
116 New Leaders Emerge Michel Temer in Brazil and Pedro Kuczynski in Peru and are making economic reforms promoting pro market economies
117
118 ... political changes taking place in the region are more related to economic conditions and the natural erosion of long-term incumbents than ideology. Foreign Policy Association. Great Decisions 2017
119 Economics Factors Influencing the Pendulum Demographic Dividend History Accustomed to hierarchal authoritarian rule not democracy Reliance on exported raw materials and commodities
120 Factors Influencing the Pendulum Will Latin America s pendulum continue to swing from democracy to extremes on the left and right? What can Latin America do to prevent these extreme movements of the pendulum?
121 Next Week Populism in Latin America Economic Freedom in Latin America Structural Weaknesses in Latin America Key Issues in Foreign Policy
122 Latin America s Political Pendulum
Growing Pains in the Americas THE EUROPEAN MOMENT ( )
Growing Pains in the Americas THE EUROPEAN MOMENT (1750 1900) Or we could call today s notes: The history of the Western Hemisphere in the 19 th century as they face problems keeping order and confront
More informationTHE AMERICAS. The countries of the Americas range from THE AMERICAS: QUICK FACTS
THE AMERICAS THE AMERICAS The countries of the Americas range from the continent-spanning advanced economies of Canada and the United States to the island microstates of the Caribbean. The region is one
More informationChapter 25. Revolution and Independence in Latin America
Chapter 25 Revolution and Independence in Latin America Goals of Revolutionary Movements Develop representative governments Gain economic freedom (individual and National) Establish individual rights
More informationWage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future Julian Messina and Joana Silva
Wage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future Julian Messina and Joana Silva 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 US (Billions) Gini points, average Latin
More informationDistr. LIMITED LC/L.4068(CEA.8/3) 22 September 2014 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH
Distr. LIMITED LC/L.4068(CEA.8/3) 22 September 2014 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH Eighth meeting of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
More informationHandbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and the Caribbean
A Handbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and the Caribbean G. Pope Atkins V University of Texas at Austin and United States Naval Academy 'estyiew pun» A Member of the Perseus
More informationContemporary Latin American Politics Jonathan Hartlyn UNC-Chapel Hill. World View and others March 2010
Contemporary Latin American Politics Jonathan Hartlyn UNC-Chapel Hill World View and others March 2010 Outline I. Broad regional trends and challenges: Democracy, Development, Drugs and violence. II. U.S.-Latin
More informationThe Industrial Revolution and Latin America
The Industrial Revolution and Latin America AP WORLD HISTORY NOTES CHAPTER 17 (1750-1914) After Independence in Latin America Decimated populations Flooded or closed silver mines Diminished herds of livestock
More informationLatin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and s Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs Julissa Gomez-Granger Information Research Specialist July 10, 2009 Congressional Research
More informationINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS SICREMI 2012 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Organization of American States Organization of American States INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS Second Report of the Continuous
More informationEuropean Empires: 1660s
European Empires: 1660s 16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe Causes of Latin American Revolutions 1. Enlightenment Ideas writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine.
More informationLatin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and s Julissa Gomez-Granger Information Research Specialist Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs October 12, 2011 CRS Report for
More informationThe Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the
The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America.
More informationInternational migration within Latin America. Mostly labor circulation flows Industrial and urban destinations Rural origin to urban destination
International migration within Latin America Mostly labor circulation flows Industrial and urban destinations Rural origin to urban destination International to and from Latin America Colonial migrations
More informationThe History of Latin America. European Conquest Present Day. Name: KEY Section:
The History of Latin America European Conquest Present Day Name: KEY Section: Key Terms 1. conquistador: one of the conquerors who claimed and ruled land in America for the Spanish. 2. Moctezuma: ruler
More informationDoing business in Latin America: What makes it different?
Doing business in Latin America: What makes it different? Günter Müller-Stewens in: IAM Newsletter, Number 5, 2014 In the shadow of the Asian economic miracle, the social change in and economic growth
More informationRevolutions in Latin America (19c - Early 20c) Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Ms. Lisbeth Rath Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Revolutions in Latin America (19c - Early 20c) Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Ms. Lisbeth Rath Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY European Empires: 1660s 16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe 4. Preoccupation of Spain
More informationDistr. LIMITED LC/L.4008(CE.14/3) 20 May 2015 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH
Distr. LIMITED LC/L.4008(CE.14/3) 20 May 2015 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH Fourteenth meeting of the Executive Committee of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin
More informationFreedom in the Americas Today
www.freedomhouse.org Freedom in the Americas Today This series of charts and graphs tracks freedom s trajectory in the Americas over the past thirty years. The source for the material in subsequent pages
More informationDEMOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL DATA OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE HISPANIC CARIBBEAN. (Complementary information compiled by the Conference Coordinators)
DEMOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL DATA OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE HISPANIC CARIBBEAN (Complementary information compiled by the Conference Coordinators) The purpose of this complementary document is to show some
More informationCarolina Sánchez Páramo World Bank July 21, 2009
Carolina Sánchez Páramo World Bank July 21, 2009 Relationship between ideology of governing party and poverty/inequality in 2000 2006? Ideology poverty/inequality Focus on Frequency of poverty/inequality
More informationMEXICO. Part 1: The Making of the Modern State
MEXICO Part 1: The Making of the Modern State Why Study Mexico? History of Revolution, One-Party Dominance, Authoritarianism But has ended one-party rule, democratized, and is now considered a newly industrializing
More informationLatin America Public Security Index 2013
June 01 Latin America Security Index 01 Key 1 (Safe) (Dangerous) 1 El Salvador Honduras Haiti Mexico Dominican Republic Guatemala Venezuela Nicaragua Brazil Costa Rica Bolivia Panama Ecuador Paraguay Uruguay
More informationSS6 Unit 1: Latin America. Summative Assessment Review
SS6 Unit 1: Latin America Summative Assessment Review 1. Which is found near the 1 on the map? a. Panama Canal b. Atacama Desert c. Andes Mountains d. Sierra Madre Mountains 2. Which number on the map
More informationNew Economical, Political and Social Trends in Latin America, and the Demands for Participation
New Economical, Political and Social Trends in Latin America, and the Demands for Participation Bernardo Kliksberg DPADM/DESA/ONU 21 April, 2006 AGENDA 1. POLITICAL CHANGES 2. THE STRUCTURAL ROOTS OF THE
More informationWarm up: We have discussed the Chinese role in constructing the railroads in the west. How do you think that the Chinese were treated by other
Warm up: We have discussed the Chinese role in constructing the railroads in the west. How do you think that the Chinese were treated by other groups? SSUSH14 Explain America s evolving relationship with
More informationOFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY AND HUNGER IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY AND HUNGER IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Regional Consultations on the Economic and Social Council Annual Ministerial Review Ministry
More informationNotes on Central America to Seeking Justice Program Pete Bohmer, 10/3/02
Notes on Central America to Seeking Justice Program Pete Bohmer, 10/3/02 Central America I. Demographics of Central America (approximate) for 1998 to 2000 Population (millions) Area 000 s sq. miles Economy
More informationThe repercussions of the crisis on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean
The repercussions of the crisis on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean Second Meeting of Ministers of Finance of the Americas and the Caribbean Viña del Mar (Chile), 3 July 29 1 Alicia Bárcena
More information450 Million people 33 COUNTRIES HEALTH IN LATIN AMERICA. Regions: South America (12 Countries) Central America & Mexico Caribbean
HEALTH IN LATIN AMERICA Dr. Jaime Llambías-Wolff, York University Canada 450 Million people 33 COUNTRIES Regions: South America (12 Countries) Central America & Mexico Caribbean ( 8 Countries) (13 Countries)
More informationThe Left in Latin America Today
The Left in Latin America Today Midge Quandt Much to the dismay of the U.S. Government which fears losing its grip on its own back yard, left and center-left governments in Latin America have in recent
More informationAmericas. North America and the Caribbean Latin America
North America and the Caribbean Latin America Working environment Despite recent economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, global increases in food and fuel prices have hurt people across the
More informationAmericasBarometer Insights: 2010 (No.34) * Popular Support for Suppression of Minority Rights 1
Canada), and a web survey in the United States. 2 A total of 33,412 respondents were asked the following question: Figure 1. Average Support for Suppression of Minority Rights in the Americas, 2008 AmericasBarometer
More informationFind us at: Subscribe to our Insights series at: Follow us
. Find us at: www.lapopsurveys.org Subscribe to our Insights series at: insight@mail.americasbarometer.org Follow us at: @Lapop_Barometro China in Latin America: Public Impressions and Policy Implications
More informationLATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS It takes a revolution. to make a solution. - Bob Marley WHAT WERE THE PROBLEMS? LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS: MENU CAUSES LEADERS EFFECTS PROBLEMS OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE THE ENLIGHTENMENT
More informationChapter Nine. Regional Economic Integration
Chapter Nine Regional Economic Integration Introduction 9-3 One notable trend in the global economy in recent years has been the accelerated movement toward regional economic integration - Regional economic
More informationThinking of America. Engineering Proposals to Develop the Americas
UPADI Thinking of America Engineering Proposals to Develop the Americas BACKGROUND: In September 2009, UPADI signed the Caracas Letter in Venezuela, which launched the project called Thinking of America
More informationChapter 3 Institutions and Economic, Political, and Civil Liberty in Latin America
Chapter 3 Institutions and Economic, Political, and Civil Liberty in Latin America Alice M. Crisp and James Gwartney* Introduction The economic, political, and civil institutions of a country are interrelated
More informationLast Time Industrialization in the late 19th Century up through WWII Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) (1940s 1970s) Export Promotion
Last Time Industrialization in the late 19th Century up through WWII Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) (1940s 1970s) Export Promotion Industrialization TODAY Population growth, distribution,
More informationConservative transformation in Latin America: can social inclusion justify unsustainable production? Vivianne Ventura-Dias
Conservative transformation in Latin America: can social inclusion justify unsustainable production? Vivianne Ventura-Dias Latin America: inequality and violence. Why so unequal? Why so violent? Conservative
More informationInter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, Done at Panama City, January 30, 1975 O.A.S.T.S. No. 42, 14 I.L.M.
Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, 1975 Done at Panama City, January 30, 1975 O.A.S.T.S. No. 42, 14 I.L.M. 336 (1975) The Governments of the Member States of the Organization
More informationThe globalization of inequality
The globalization of inequality François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics Public lecture, Canberra, May 2013 1 "In a human society in the process of unification inequality between nations acquires
More informationINTRODUCTION GEOGRAPHY
COUNTRY DATA: NICARAGUA : Information from the CIA World Factbook INTRODUCTION The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain
More informationImperialism by the US
Imperialism by the US Quick Class Discussion: Based on this image, what important changes took place in the United States from 1783 to 1900? 115 years after gaining independence from Britain, the United
More informationDid NAFTA Help Mexico? An Assessment After 20 Years February 2014
Did NAFTA Help Mexico? An Assessment After 20 Years February 2014 Mark Weisbrot Center for Economic and Policy Research www.cepr.net Did NAFTA Help Mexico? Since NAFTA, Mexico ranks 18th of 20 Latin American
More informationTestimony of Mr. Daniel W. Fisk Vice President for Policy and Strategic Planning International Republican Institute
Testimony of Mr. Daniel W. Fisk Vice President for Policy and Strategic Planning International Republican Institute U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace
More informationInformal Empire in the Caribbean. PS 142A.4 and.5
Informal Empire in the Caribbean PS 142A.4 and.5 Informal Empire and the LIO n Nothing inherently liberal about U.S. rule in the Caribbean basin. n Created an exclusive sphere of influence n Promoted reciprocity
More informationWork Period: Latin America and China Foreign policies Notes President Chart Activity
USHC 5.0 DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEVELOPMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER IN THE 20 TH CENTURY Opening: Complete pages 185-188 in
More informationFORMS OF WELFARE IN LATIN AMERICA: A COMPARISON ON OIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES. Veronica Ronchi. June 15, 2015
FORMS OF WELFARE IN LATIN AMERICA: A COMPARISON ON OIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES Veronica Ronchi June 15, 2015 0 Wellness is a concept full of normative and epistemological meanings welfare state is a system
More informationreporting.unhcr.org WORKING ENVIRONMENT SEN EN T IS . C /H R C H N U
This chapter provides a summary of the general environment in which UNHCR will operate in Europe in 2016. It presents an overview of the organization s strategy for the region, the main challenges foreseen
More informationfor Latin America (12 countries)
47 Ronaldo Herrlein Jr. Human Development Analysis of the evolution of global and partial (health, education and income) HDI from 2000 to 2011 and inequality-adjusted HDI in 2011 for Latin America (12
More informationLatin American growth fuels need for talent, but from where?
WHITE PAPER JANUARY 2015 Latin American growth fuels need for talent, but from where? Developing economies need talent to come home BY MANNY CORSINO, MANAGING DIRECTOR, MIAMI AND MEXICO CITY Immigration
More informationRemittances To Latin America and The Caribbean in 2010 STABILIZATION. after the crisis. Multilateral Investment Fund Member of the IDB Group
Remittances To Latin America and The Caribbean in 2010 STABILIZATION after the crisis Multilateral Investment Fund Member of the IDB Group Total: US$ 58.9 billion 2010 REMITTANCES TO LATIN AMERICA AND
More informationWORLD RADIOLOGY DAY CELEBRATION 2013
WORLD RADIOLOGY DAY CELEBRATION 2013 CURRENT STATUS OF RADIOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN GLORIA SOTO GIORDANI President Inter American College of Radiology (CIR) Latin America 20 countries:
More informationCan Presidential Popularity Decrease Public Perceptions of Political Corruption? The Case of Ecuador under Rafael Correa
Can Presidential Popularity Decrease Public Perceptions of Political Corruption? The Case of Ecuador under Rafael Correa Sebastian Larrea and J. Daniel Montalvo sebastian.c.larrea@vanderbilt.edu daniel.montalvo@vanderbilt.edu
More informationThe Latin Community in London. The Hispanic Community in London
The Latin Community in London The Hispanic Community in London Introduction LATIN AMERICA 20 Latin countries Territories: Mexico Central America The islands of the Caribbean South America Colonized by
More informationSupplementary Information: Do Authoritarians Vote for Authoritarians? Evidence from Latin America By Mollie Cohen and Amy Erica Smith
Supplementary Information: Do Authoritarians for Authoritarians? Evidence from Latin America By Mollie Cohen and Amy Erica Smith Table A1. Proportion Don't Know/Non-Response on Each Item of Authoritarian
More informationMEXICO. Part 1: The Making of the Modern State
MEXICO Part 1: The Making of the Modern State Why Study Mexico? History of Revolution, One-Party Dominance, Authoritarianism But has ended one-party rule, democratized, and is now considered a newly industrializing
More information6. Trade, Investment and Financial Stability
6. Trade, Investment and Financial Stability MANDATE Free and open economies, market access, sustained flows of investment, capital formation, financial stability, appropriate public policies, access to
More informationU.S.-China Relations in a Global Context: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Daniel P. Erikson Director Inter-American Dialogue
U.S.-China Relations in a Global Context: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean By Daniel P. Erikson Director Inter-American Dialogue Prepared for the Fourth Dialogue on US-China Relations in a Global
More informationThe Experience of Peru and its Applicability for Africa
Mainstreaming Gender in Rural Roads Programs: The Experience of Peru and its Applicability for Africa Anna Okola Addis Ababa, March 22, 2011 The World Bank Group Mexico Cuba Project area The Bahamas Guatemala
More informationImmigrant Remittances: Trends and Impacts, Here and Abroad
Immigrant Remittances: Trends and Impacts, Here and Abroad Presentation to Financial Access for Immigrants: Learning from Diverse Perspectives, The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago by B. Lindsay Lowell
More informationMapping Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Enterprise Surveys e Mapping Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean 1 WORLD BANK GROUP LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SERIES NOTE NO. 1 1/213 Basic Definitions surveyed in 21 and how they are
More informationAvoiding Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK GROUP LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SERIES NOTE NO. 7 REV. 8/2014 Basic
More informationLatin American Political Economy: The Justice System s Role in Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development
Latin American Political Economy: The Justice System s Role in Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development Meredith Fensom Director, Law & Policy in the Americas Program University of Florida 1 November
More informationToussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo
Toussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo Spain conquered most of the lands in the Americas (while Portugal conquered Brazil0. It divided its empire into provinces. The two most important
More informationDemographic and Environmental Changes
Demographic and Environmental Changes 1750-1914 Key changes -- overview End of Atlantic slave trade and slavery Large scale migration to the Americas Dropping birth rates in the west due to industrialization
More informationInter-American Development Bank (IDB)
REPORT ON ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES ON MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT AND REMITTANCES Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) This paper provides a brief summary of the main activities of the Inter-American Development
More informationThe Political Culture of Democracy in El Salvador and in the Americas, 2016/17: A Comparative Study of Democracy and Governance
The Political Culture of Democracy in El Salvador and in the Americas, 2016/17: A Comparative Study of Democracy and Governance Executive Summary By Ricardo Córdova Macías, Ph.D. FUNDAUNGO Mariana Rodríguez,
More informationChapter 23. Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas,
Chapter 23 Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890 24 1 Essential Question: What forces drove the revolutions of the 1700s, 1800s, and early 1900s? what were the causes of
More informationLatin America s Independence Movement
Latin America s Independence Movement Unit 7 Notes Bennett Spain Builds An Empire Spain conquered most of the lands in the Americas (Portugal = Brazil). Divided empire into provinces 2 most important provinces
More informationEast Asia and Latin America- Discovery of business opportunities
East Asia and Latin America- Discovery of business opportunities 2004 FEALAC Young Business Leaders Encounter in Tokyo 12 February 2004, Toranomon Pastoral Hotel Current Economic Situations (Trade and
More informationlatin american democracies
guest essay latin american democracies breaking the left-wing tide or electoral alternation with a plebiscitarian flavor? m. victoria murillo i As we entered the new millennium, a left-wing electoral wave
More informationUNHCR organizes vocational training and brings clean water system to the Wounaan communities in Panama
UNHCR organizes vocational training and brings clean water system to the Wounaan communities in Panama Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana
More informationTeachers. Ideas for Use:
Ideas for Use: Teachers Begin each class period with 1 (or more questions). Have students keep a section of their Interactive Notebooks reserved specifically for Warm-ups. (My students flip their notebooks
More informationBILATERAL AGREEMENTS ON LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS TO WHICH MEXICO IS SIGNATORY
BILATERAL AGREEMENTS ON LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS TO WHICH MEXICO IS SIGNATORY Agreement between the United [Mexican] States and Australia on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters. Date
More informationNation Building and economic transformation in the americas,
Chapter 23 Nation Building and economic transformation in the americas, 1800-1890 BEFORE YOU BEGIN Most students have significantly more knowledge of U.S. history than other regions in the Americas. This
More informationEssential Question: & Latin America? Clicker Review. What role did the United States play as an imperial power in Asia. CPWH Agenda for Unit 10.
Essential Question: What role did the United States play as an imperial power in Asia & Latin America? CPWH Agenda for Unit 10.8: Clicker Review Imperialism by the USA notes Today s HW: 28.3 Unit 10 Test:
More informationHow the US Acquires Clients. Contexts of Acquisition
How the US Acquires Clients Contexts of Acquisition Some Basics of Client Acquisition Client acquisition requires the consent of both the US and the new client though consent of the client can be coercive
More informationPerspectives on the Americas
Perspectives on the Americas A Series of Opinion Pieces by Leading Commentators on the Region Trade is not a Development Strategy: Time to Change the U.S. Policy Focus by JOY OLSON Executive Director Washington
More informationPerspectives on the Americas. A Series of Opinion Pieces by Leading Commentators on the Region. Trade is not a Development Strategy:
Perspectives on the Americas A Series of Opinion Pieces by Leading Commentators on the Region Trade is not a Development Strategy: Time to Change the U.S. Policy Focus by JOY OLSON Executive Director Washington
More informationREPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMISSION biennium
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Thirty-first session of the Commission Montevideo, Uruguay, 20-24 March 2006 REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMISSION 2004-2005 biennium REPORT
More informationAmericasBarometer Insights: 2014 Number 105
AmericasBarometer Insights: 2014 Number 105 Bridging Inter American Divides: Views of the U.S. Across the Americas By laura.e.silliman@vanderbilt.edu Vanderbilt University Executive Summary. The United
More informationPoverty Reduction and Economic Management The World Bank
Financiamento del Desarollo Productivo e Inclusion Social Lecciones para America Latina Danny Leipziger Vice Presidente Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Banco Mundial LAC economic growth has
More informationThe Road Ahead. What should be done to improve capacity of developing countries to finance trade
The Road Ahead What should be done to improve capacity of developing countries to finance trade Rubens V. Amaral Jr. CEO, Bladex Geneva, March 27 th 2015 a) Latin America context - Trade Finance Availability
More informationChapter 12: Transformations Around the Globe,
Chapter 12: Transformations Around the Globe, 1800 1914 China and Japan respond differently to the European powers. The United States influences Latin America, and Mexico undergoes a revolution. Theodore
More informationWelcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez
Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez 1 Topics Review: Positivism Participation Assignment #3 U.S. Foreign Policy In Latin America Early 20 th Century Revolutions in Latin America
More informationRoosevelt Taft Wilson. Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy
Roosevelt Taft Wilson Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Definition: The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements.
More information24 Negocios infographics oldemar. Mexico Means
2 Negocios infographics oldemar Mexico Means Mexico s Means Partner opportunity enersave OPPORTUNITY 2 Negocios INFOGRAPHICS OLDEMAR MEET MEXICO MEXICO IS A big country Mexico is part of North America,
More information92 El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua 1
Appendix A: CCODE Country Year 20 Canada 1958 20 Canada 1964 20 Canada 1970 20 Canada 1982 20 Canada 1991 20 Canada 1998 31 Bahamas 1958 31 Bahamas 1964 31 Bahamas 1970 31 Bahamas 1982 31 Bahamas 1991
More informationthroughout the US? Around the world? Why or why not.
1. Tell what at least three of the symbols you see on this flag represent. 2. Do you think these three symbols would be recognized throughout the US? Around the world? Why or why not. 3. Why would this
More informationGrowth and Migration to a Third Country: The Case of Korean Migrants in Latin America
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES Volume 23, Number 2, 2016, pp.77-87 77 Growth and Migration to a Third Country: The Case of Korean Migrants in Latin America Chong-Sup Kim and Eunsuk Lee* This
More informationSUB Hamburg A/ Talons of the Eagle. Latin America, the United States, and the World. PETER H.^MITH University of California, San Diego
SUB Hamburg A/591327 Talons of the Eagle Latin America, the United States, and the World PETER H.^MITH University of California, San Diego FOURTH EDITION New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS BRIEF CONTENTS
More informationPresentation prepared for the event:
Presentation prepared for the event: Inequality in a Lower Growth Latin America Monday, January 26, 2015 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, D.C. Inequality in LAC: Explaining
More informationAmericas. North America and the Caribbean Latin America
North America and the Caribbean Latin America Operational highlights November 2007 marked the third anniversary of the Mexico Plan of Action (MPA). Member States renewed their commitment to uphold and
More informationREMITTANCES TO LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN IN 2013: STILL BELOW PRE CRISIS LEVELS
REMITTANCES TO LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN IN 2013: STILL BELOW PRE CRISIS LEVELS Multilateral Investment Fund Member of the IDB Group REMITTANCES TO LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN IN 2013: STILL
More informationDealing with Government in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK GROUP LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SERIES NOTE NO. 6 REV. 8/14 Basic Definitions
More informationEconomic and Social Panorama of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, 2013
Economic and Social Panorama of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, 213 Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Antonio Prado Deputy Executive Secretary Ricardo Pérez Chief, Publications and
More informationChapter 7 America as a World Power Notes 7.1 The United States Gains Overseas Territories The Big Idea
Chapter 7 America as a World Power Notes 7.1 The United States Gains Overseas Territories The Big Idea In the last half of the 1800s, the United States joined the race for control of overseas territories.
More informationLatin America and China:
Latin America and China: South-South relations in a new era Barbara Hogenboom, Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA), Amsterdam Seminar China s s strategies in Latin America,, Oslo,
More information